CN114671566A - Distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment and treatment process - Google Patents
Distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment and treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114671566A CN114671566A CN202210172298.9A CN202210172298A CN114671566A CN 114671566 A CN114671566 A CN 114671566A CN 202210172298 A CN202210172298 A CN 202210172298A CN 114671566 A CN114671566 A CN 114671566A
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000589651 Zoogloea Species 0.000 description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/006—Water distributors either inside a treatment tank or directing the water to several treatment tanks; Water treatment plants incorporating these distributors, with or without chemical or biological tanks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment device and a treatment process, mainly comprising a collecting tank and a biological filter box device; the collecting tank is mainly used for collecting and adjusting effluent of the septic tank and kitchen sewage and is also used as an anaerobic and denitrification place; the biological filter box equipment consists of an external shell, a biological filter material, a dephosphorization filter material, a water distribution pipe network and a water collection pipe network; the device adopts a mode of directly ventilating and supplying the filter materials, and compared with a mode of firstly dissolving oxygen in water and then supplying microorganism for deep water aeration in the traditional process, the device has the advantages of low energy consumption and higher oxygen conduction efficiency. Meanwhile, by utilizing a mode of combining natural wind with mechanical ventilation of the axial flow fan, the mechanical ventilation is closed in an area where natural wind flows smoothly and the concentration of water inflow pollutants is low, and the axial flow fan is started to perform mechanical ventilation in an area where natural wind flows smoothly and the concentration of water inflow pollutants is low so as to keep the oxygen supply stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to distributed small rural domestic sewage treatment equipment and a treatment process.
Background
The domestic sewage treatment mode mainly has a centralized mode and a distributed mode, rural domestic sewage has the characteristics of wide points, more dispersed project points and the like, and compared with the centralized sewage treatment mode in rural domestic sewage treatment, the distributed sewage treatment mode has obvious advantages in the aspects of sewage collection rate, pipe network construction, construction period, comprehensive construction cost and the like, and meanwhile, the rural domestic sewage treatment mode also has the defects of large number of equipment terminals, dispersion, difficult operation, high comprehensive energy consumption and the like. In addition, because the treatment scale of a single project point is small in a rural domestic sewage dispersion mode, the fluctuation of the concentration and the water quantity of inflow pollutants is large, and part of villagers still have the old requirement of taking domestic sewage as organic fertilizer to irrigate crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the distributed sewage treatment equipment which has strong load impact resistance, simple equipment and low operation energy consumption and can meet different irrigation requirements. The invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment device mainly comprises a collecting tank and a biological filter box device. The collecting tank is mainly used for collecting and adjusting effluent of the septic tank and kitchen sewage and is also used as an anaerobic and denitrification place. The biological filter box equipment consists of an external shell, a biological filter material, a dephosphorization filter material, a water distribution pipe network and a water collection pipe network.
The biological filter box equipment consists of two parts of biological filter materials and dephosphorization filter materials, wherein both sides of the biological filter materials are provided with ventilation grids and rainproof grids, and the outer wall of the right side of the biological filter materials is provided with an axial flow fan; when the natural air quantity is lower and the water inlet concentration is higher, the axial flow fan is started to increase the air pressure and the air fluidity.
The phosphorus removal filter material layer is connected with a chemical feeding port above the equipment, and when the filter material is saturated in adsorption, an acid cleaning agent is fed through the chemical feeding port to wash down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, and an emptying pipe valve is opened to discharge the phosphorus, and then the phosphorus is collected and treated.
The main pipe of the water outlet and the water collecting pipe are connected with a control device for controlling the water storage liquid level, and meanwhile, the main pipe of the water outlet is also connected with a return pipe for controlling a control valve for controlling the reflux ratio; the emptying pipe is connected with the main pipe of the water collecting pipe.
The biological filter box equipment firstly pumps sewage into a layer of water distribution pipe through a water pump of a collection tank to carry out surface layer intermittent water distribution, and each section of filter material presents an alternate dry-wet environment in the intermittent infiltration process of the sewage. Natural wind flows through the biological filter material through the ventilation grating structure on the side wall of the equipment to ventilate and supply oxygen for the biological membrane growing on the surface of the filter material, and when the natural wind is insufficient, the mechanical ventilation is carried out through the axial flow fan of the external shell.
The biological filter box device shell is connected with a dephosphorization filter material layer through a dosing port, and when the dephosphorization filter material is saturated in adsorption, an acid cleaning agent is added through the dosing port to wash down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, and then the valve of the emptying pipe is opened to discharge the phosphorus.
The biological filter box equipment controls the period of intermittent water distribution by controlling the on-off time of the water pump.
Firstly, taking 2mm-5mm crushed ceramsite or 2mm-5mm shale ceramsite as a biological filter layer to carry out nitration reaction and organic matter oxidation reaction.
And step two, adopting steel slag, aluminum scraps and iron scraps of 5-10mm as a dephosphorization filter material layer to adsorb and remove phosphorus.
And thirdly, the biological filter material layer enables sewage to form an alternate dry-wet environment for each section of filter material in the intermittent infiltration process of the biological filter material by using a water pump pulse type water distribution mode.
And fourthly, in the intermittent infiltration process of the sewage in each layer of biological filter material, ammonium ions and organic matters are firstly adsorbed on the surfaces of the filter material and the biological membrane, and after the sewage is dried, airflow generated by natural wind or an axial flow fan is utilized to flow between the dried filter material layers so as to provide oxygen for microorganisms growing on the aerobic filter material layers.
And fifthly, the side wall of the biological filter box equipment adopts a special ventilation grid structure, so that the downward-infiltrated sewage can be prevented from overflowing outwards through the grid while the wind flows through the filter material layer through the side wall.
And sixthly, arranging a medicine adding port communicated with the dephosphorization filter material layer in the equipment, adding an acid cleaning agent through the medicine adding port after the dephosphorization filter material is saturated in adsorption, washing down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material through the medicine adding port, and opening an emptying pipe valve for discharging.
In the first step, the biological filter material consists of 2mm-5mm of crushed ceramsite, shale ceramsite and other light filter materials with large specific surface area and multiple porosities.
And thirdly, the pulse water distribution is realized by controlling the start-stop period of the water pump by the control system, one period is generally formed by 10-15 minutes, and the water distribution is carried out for 1-2 minutes in each period. The sewage forms a dry-wet alternative filter material environment in the whole biological filter material due to the starting and stopping of the water distribution frequency in the infiltration process, natural wind can easily pass through the filter material in the filter material layer which falls to the dry state due to the characteristics of fluffy biological filter material, high porosity and low wind resistance, oxygen is provided for microorganisms growing on the surface of the filter material, and compared with the mode of directly supplying the microorganisms, the mode of directly supplying the microorganisms dissolves the oxygen in the water body firstly and then supplies the microorganisms, not only the energy consumption is low, but also the conduction efficiency of the oxygen is higher.
The invention has the following benefits:
1. the device removes pollutants by adopting a mode of filtering material adsorption and biological membrane conversion, and can effectively change water quality and water quantity due to the fluctuation of the adsorption and reconversion characteristics compared with the traditional activated sludge process equipment.
2. The device adopts a mode of directly ventilating and supplying the filter material and the filter material, and compared with a mode of dissolving oxygen in water and then supplying microorganism for deep water aeration in the traditional process, the device has the advantages of low energy consumption and higher oxygen conduction efficiency. Meanwhile, by utilizing a mode of combining natural wind with mechanical ventilation of the axial flow fan, the mechanical ventilation is closed in an area where the natural wind is smooth and the concentration of the inflow pollutants is low, and the axial flow fan is started to perform mechanical ventilation in an area where the natural wind is smooth and the concentration of the inflow pollutants is low so as to keep the oxygen supply stability of the system.
3. The equipment adopts the light filter material with large specific surface area, high porosity and the like such as broken ceramsite and shale ceramsite as the biological filter material, and has small wind resistance, long service life and no need of periodic replacement.
4. The device mainly utilizes the biological membrane growing on the surface of the biological filter material to convert pollutants intercepted in sewage and in the filter material adsorption, the zoogloea structure of the biological membrane structure specific activity sludge method has much higher internal source consumption to organic matters, effectively reduces the generation of sludge, does not generate sludge basically, reduces the operation maintenance procedures in the later period and reduces the operation cost.
5. The equipment adopts a mode of phosphorus removal filter material adsorption phosphorus removal, and compared with the traditional process, the mode has higher stability by adding phosphorus removal agents for phosphorus removal, and does not need external agent adding facilities, thereby greatly reducing the operation maintenance procedure and the equipment point inspection frequency. When the filter material is saturated, adding an acidic cleaning agent through the chemical adding port to wash down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, opening an emptying pipe valve to discharge the phosphorus, and collecting and treating the phosphorus, wherein the cleaning frequency is determined according to the total phosphorus concentration of inlet water and is generally 1 year/time.
6. The filter material that this application adopted has stronger absorption interception ability to ammonia nitrogen and organic matter, and the carrier as nitrobacteria and aerobic bacteria is regarded as to the filter material simultaneously, forms the biomembrane structure, has reduced the required COD of maintaining zoogloea than the activated sludge method, and anti load impact capacity is strong has more stability. Meanwhile, compared with a zoogloea structure of an active sludge method, the membrane structure has much higher endogenous consumption of organic matters, effectively reduces the generation of sludge and basically does not generate sludge.
7. The invention adopts pulse type water distribution, the start-stop period of the water pump is controlled by a control system, the interval is generally 10-15 minutes, and the water distribution is carried out for 1-2 minutes in each period. The sewage forms a filter material environment with alternate dry and wet in the whole biological filter material due to the start and stop of water distribution frequency in the infiltration process, natural wind can easily pass through the filter material in the filter material layer which falls dry due to the characteristics of fluffy biological filter material, small porosity and small wind resistance of the biological filter material, and oxygen is provided for microorganisms growing on the surface of the filter material
8. By adopting the technical scheme, when farmers have irrigation requirements, the process system is provided with two modes of sewage irrigation and treated water irrigation, and can meet the different irrigation requirements of the farmers.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the bio-cartridge apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the bio-cartridge apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bio-cartridge apparatus B-B;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a bio-cartridge apparatus C-C;
in the figure: 1. a biological filter cartridge device; 2. a drain pipe; 3. a control system; 4. an axial flow fan; 41. an upper axial flow fan; 42. a lower axial flow fan; 5. emptying the pipe; 6. a medicine adding port; 7. a water distribution pipe network; 8. biological filter materials; 9. a ventilation grille; 10. a water outlet; 11. a return pipe; 12 phosphorus removal filter material; 13 a water collecting pipe; 14. a rain-proof grille;
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the sewage in the toilet firstly flows through the septic tank and then enters the collecting tank together with the sewage in the kitchen for collection, then enters the biological filter box equipment by the water pump in a timing, quantitative and intermittent manner, and finally flows through the biological filter material layer and the phosphorus removal filter material layer, and finally the effluent is discharged through the main discharge port. When the farmer has irrigation demand, the sewage is pumped into the irrigation pipe network through the valve control.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the biological filter box device comprises two parts of biological filter material (8) and dephosphorization filter material (12), wherein both sides of the biological filter material are provided with a ventilation grating (9) and a rainproof grating (14), and the outer wall of the right side is provided with an axial flow fan (4); when the natural air quantity is low and the water inlet concentration is high, the axial flow fan (4) is started to increase the air pressure and the air fluidity. The phosphorus removal filter material layer (12) is connected with a medicine adding port (6) above the equipment, and when the filter material is saturated in adsorption, an acid cleaning agent is added through the medicine adding port (6) to wash down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, open a valve of a drain pipe (5) and discharge the phosphorus, and then collect and treat the phosphorus removal filter material layer. The main pipe of the water outlet (10) and the water collecting pipe (13) is connected with a control device for water storage level, and the main pipe of the water outlet (10) is also connected with a return pipe (11) for controlling a control valve for controlling the return ratio. The emptying pipe (5) is connected with a main pipe of the water collecting pipe (13). Firstly, after septic tank sewage and kitchen sewage are mixed and homogenized in a collecting tank, the sewage is pumped into a water distribution pipe network by a sewage pump to carry out intermittent water distribution, a water distribution period and water distribution frequency are controlled by a control system (3), so that sewage is presented in an environment of alternate dry and wet in different filter material sections in the process of infiltration of a biological filter material (8), ammonia nitrogen and organic matters in the sewage are firstly adsorbed on biological membranes on the surfaces of the filter material and the filter material in the process, meanwhile, because the air resistance of the filter material after the sewage falls dry is small, natural wind or wind flow generated by an axial flow fan (4) can easily pass through the biological filter material (8), and oxygen is provided for nitration reaction and oxidation reaction of the biological membrane growing on the surface of the filter material to respectively oxidize the ammonia nitrogen and the organic matters into nitrate nitrogen and carbon dioxide. And finally, the sewage flows into a dephosphorization filter material layer (12) at the bottom for adsorption dephosphorization treatment, then a part of sewage is discharged through a discharge port, the other part of sewage flows back into the collection tank through a return pipe (11), and denitrification is carried out by utilizing a carbon source in the collection tank to reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A small-size rural domestic sewage treatment equipment of distributed, its characterized in that: mainly comprises a collecting tank and biological filter box equipment; the collecting tank is mainly used for collecting and adjusting effluent of the septic tank and kitchen sewage and is also used as an anaerobic and denitrification place; the biological filter box equipment comprises an external shell, a drain pipe, a control system, an axial flow fan, an emptying pipe, a dosing port, a water distribution pipe network, a biological filter material, a ventilation grid, a water outlet, a backflow pipe, a dephosphorization filter material, a water collecting pipe and a rainproof grid.
2. The distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the biological filter box equipment consists of two parts of biological filter materials and dephosphorization filter materials, wherein both sides of the biological filter materials are provided with ventilation grids and rainproof grids, and the outer wall of the right side of the biological filter materials is provided with an axial flow fan; when the natural air quantity is low and the water inlet concentration is high, the axial flow fan is started to increase the air pressure and the air fluidity.
3. The distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the phosphorus removal filter material layer is connected with a medicine adding port above the device, and when the filter material is adsorbed and saturated, an acid cleaning agent is added through the medicine adding port to wash down phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, open a valve of an emptying pipe to discharge the phosphorus, and then collect and treat the phosphorus.
4. The distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the main pipe of the water outlet is connected with a return pipe to control a valve to control the reflux ratio; the emptying pipe is connected with the main pipe of the water collecting pipe.
5. The distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the biological filter box equipment firstly pumps sewage into a layer of water distribution pipe through a water pump of a collection tank to carry out surface layer intermittent water distribution, and each section of filter material presents an alternate dry-wet environment in the intermittent infiltration process of the sewage; natural wind flows through the biological filter material through the ventilation grating structure on the side wall of the equipment to ventilate and supply oxygen for the biological membrane growing on the surface of the filter material, and when the natural wind is insufficient, the mechanical ventilation is carried out through the axial flow fan of the external shell.
6. The distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the biological filter box equipment shell is connected with a dephosphorization filter material layer through a dosing port, and after the dephosphorization filter material is adsorbed and saturated, an acidic cleaning agent is added through the dosing port to wash down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, and then the vent pipe valve is opened to discharge the phosphorus.
7. The distributed small-sized rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein: the biological filter box equipment controls the period of intermittent water distribution by controlling the opening and closing time of the water pump.
8. The sewage treatment process adopting the distributed small rural domestic sewage treatment equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, taking 2mm-5mm crushed ceramsite or 2mm-5mm shale ceramsite as a biological filter layer to carry out nitration reaction and organic matter oxidation reaction;
secondly, steel slag, aluminum scraps and iron scraps with the thickness of 5-10mm are adopted as a dephosphorization filter material layer to carry out adsorption dephosphorization;
thirdly, the biological filter material layer enables sewage to form an alternate dry-wet environment for each section of filter material in the intermittent infiltration process of the biological filter material by using a water pump pulse type water distribution mode;
Fourthly, in the intermittent infiltration process of the sewage in each layer of biological filter material, ammonium ions and organic matters are firstly adsorbed on the surfaces of the filter material and the biological membrane, and after the sewage is dried, airflow generated by natural wind or an axial flow fan is utilized to flow between the dried filter material layers to provide oxygen for microorganisms growing on the aerobic filter material layers;
fifthly, the side wall of the biological filter box equipment adopts a special ventilation grid structure, so that the downward-permeating sewage can not overflow through the grid while the wind flows through the filter material layer through the side wall;
and sixthly, arranging a chemical adding port communicated with the dephosphorization filter material layer, adding an acid cleaning agent through the chemical adding port after the dephosphorization filter material is saturated in adsorption, washing down the phosphorus adsorbed on the surface of the filter material, and opening an emptying pipe valve for discharging.
9. The sewage treatment process of the distributed small rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the first step, the biological filter material consists of 2mm-5mm of crushed ceramsite, shale ceramsite and other light filter materials with large specific surface area and porosity.
10. The sewage treatment process of the distributed small rural domestic sewage treatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: and thirdly, the pulse water distribution is realized by controlling the start-stop period of the water pump by the control system, the interval of 10-15 minutes is one period, and the water distribution is carried out for 1-2 minutes in each period.
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