CN114668106B - Folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114668106B CN114668106B CN202210293793.5A CN202210293793A CN114668106B CN 114668106 B CN114668106 B CN 114668106B CN 202210293793 A CN202210293793 A CN 202210293793A CN 114668106 B CN114668106 B CN 114668106B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical class OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229940092124 calcium citrate malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 22
- MPCMQXRREZMSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-hydroxybutanedioate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O MPCMQXRREZMSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070538 Gestational hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057040 Temperature intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940014144 folate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001121 heart beat frequency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008543 heat sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 201000011461 pre-eclampsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007442 rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 small molecule sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004044 tetrasaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/161—Puffed cereals, e.g. popcorn or puffed rice
- A23L7/165—Preparation of puffed cereals involving preparation of meal or dough as an intermediate step
- A23L7/17—Preparation of puffed cereals involving preparation of meal or dough as an intermediate step by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/101—Addition of antibiotics, vitamins, amino-acids, or minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides folic acid and calcium composite type anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein raw materials of the anti-retrogradation recombinant rice comprise polished round-grained rice, anti-retrogradation raw materials, a calcium enhancer and a folic acid enhancer, and the anti-retrogradation raw materials are one or a mixture of two of fructo-oligosaccharides and trehalose; during preparation, the double screw extruder is adopted to prepare the recombined rice. The folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice prepared by the invention breaks through the traditional mode of supplementing folic acid and calcium by depending on tablets or capsules according to the nutrition requirements of special people, in particular to the requirements of pregnant women on supplementing folic acid and calcium, combines folic acid and calcium with daily staple food, and is convenient to eat and higher in acceptability. Meanwhile, fructo-oligosaccharide and/or trehalose are used as anti-aging agents, so that the anti-retrogradation capability of the folic acid and calcium composite recombinant rice is improved. The recombinant rice has good retrogradation resistance and sensory quality, has very high retention rate of folic acid and calcium after being steamed, and has obvious edible and nutritional advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Folic acid belongs to one of B vitamins, and has important nutrition and physiological effects on human body. Has the functions of promoting the growth and reproduction of cells and participating in the metabolism of protein, is particularly important for pregnant women, is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of fetuses, and particularly has the phenomena of fetal brain cleavage and brain failure in the early stage of pregnancy if lacking.
Calcium is one of the most important components of the human body, mainly existing in bones and teeth, and plays an important role in regulating heart beat frequency, maintaining muscle contraction and transmitting nerve signals. Especially, the female in gestation period is lack of calcium, which can obviously increase the incidence risk of gestational hypertension, and in addition, rickets is easily caused after the birth of the fetus.
The rice is a main grain crop in China, most residents in China eat three meals almost every day, and is a medium for very good intake and nutrient supplement, but the rice is single in nutrition, mainly contains carbohydrate and a small amount of protein, has less mineral and vitamin contents, and almost eliminates most of vitamins due to fine processing, washing and cooking processes. Aiming at the extremely low content of folic acid and calcium which are very important for special crowds, particularly pregnant females, if the folic acid and the calcium are reinforced on main food crops eaten every day without depending on the form of medicaments, the food additive not only solves the requirement of the special crowds on nutrient intake, but also can provide a new development direction for the deep processing of the food, but most of the food additives adopt a soaking method because the adding means of the reinforcing agent are limited, so that the content of the reinforcing agent in the rice is lower, and the satisfactory nutrition function is difficult to achieve.
Although the extrusion puffing technology can realize the production of the nutrition-enriched rice, on one hand, because of the characteristic that the rice starch is easy to regenerate at low temperature, on the other hand, the rice starch is easier to regenerate after being gelatinized and steamed in the production process of the recombinant rice.
Therefore, how to solve the problem of re-cooking and retrogradation of the recombinant rice on the basis of strengthening folic acid and calcium of the recombinant rice is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims at breaking the traditional mode of supplementing folic acid and calcium by depending on tablets or capsules according to the nutritional requirements of special crowds, especially the requirements of pregnant women, and combining folic acid and calcium with daily edible main food, and provides the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and the preparation method thereof.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass or concentration:
64 to 74 percent of polished round-grained rice
0.2 to 1.5 percent of anti-retrogradation raw material
Calcium fortifying agent 465 mg/100g-1860 mg/100g
275 mug/100 g-600 mug/100 g of folic acid intensifying agent;
the anti-retrogradation raw material is one or a mixture of two of fructo-oligosaccharide and trehalose.
Further, the polished round-grained rice is soaked and crushed into rice flour, and the water content of the rice flour is regulated to be 25% -35%.
Further, the calcium enhancer is food-grade calcium citrate malate; preferably, the concentration of the calcium citrate malate is 500 mg/100 g-930 mg/100g.
Further, the folic acid enhancer is mono-glutamic acid folic acid; preferably, the concentration of the mono-glutamic acid type folic acid is 300 mug/100 g-535.7 mug/100 g.
Another aspect of the invention:
a preparation method of folic acid and calcium composite type anti-retrogradation recombinant rice comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass or concentration:
64 to 74 percent of polished round-grained rice
0.2 to 1.5 percent of anti-retrogradation raw material
Calcium fortifying agent 465 mg/100g-1860 mg/100g
275 mug/100 g-600 mug/100 g of folic acid intensifying agent;
the anti-retrogradation raw material is one or a mixture of two of fructo-oligosaccharide and trehalose;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing polished round-grained rice by using a crusher, and sieving the crushed polished round-grained rice with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain polished round-grained rice;
s2, uniformly mixing the polished round-grained rice, the anti-retrogradation raw material, the calcium enhancer and the folic acid enhancer to obtain a rice flour mixture;
s3, preparing recombined rice from the rice flour mixture by using a double-screw extruder;
s4, drying and cooling to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
Further, the temperature of the crushing treatment in S1 is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
Furthermore, the mixing time of the materials in S2 is more than or equal to 30 min.
Further, the conditions of the twin-screw extruder in S3 are set as follows:
the feeding rate is 10kg/h, the screw rotating speed is 100rpm, the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm, and the five-section cavity temperature is: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃;
the recombined rice product is extruded from a 2-6 mm die, and the cutting speed of a cutter at a discharge hole is 600r/min.
Further, the drying temperature in S4 is 30 ℃, the drying time is 8h, and the product is naturally cooled after drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice disclosed by the invention breaks through the traditional mode of supplementing folic acid and calcium by depending on tablets or capsules according to the nutritional requirements of special people, especially the requirements of pregnant women, combines folic acid and calcium with daily edible staple food, is convenient to eat and higher in acceptance, and can provide a new development direction for deep processing of grains.
2. The folic acid and calcium composite type anti-retrogradation recombinant rice adopts the small molecular sugar, namely fructo-oligosaccharide and/or trehalose, as the anti-aging agent, so that starch molecules can be more close to bound water, and the migration effect of water molecules is reduced in the storage process, thereby obviously improving the anti-retrogradation property of the recombinant rice, and not only having very high retention rate of folic acid and calcium, but also having equivalent sensory quality after being steamed.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different moisture content in rice flour on the gelatinization temperature (alkali value) of the recombined rice;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the retrogradation enthalpy values of comparative example and examples 3, 4 and 5;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the retrogradation enthalpy values of comparative example and examples 6, 7 and 8;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the retrogradation enthalpy values of the comparative example and examples 4, 7 and 9.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In order to determine the influence of the water content of rice flour on the gelatinization temperature of the recombinant rice, the embodiment provides an extrusion puffing preparation method of the recombinant rice, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice are polished round-grained rice and purified water.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Crushing polished round-grained rice by using a crusher, controlling the crushing temperature to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and sieving the crushed polished round-grained rice by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain polished round-grained rice.
(2) Purified water is added into the crushed polished round-grained rice flour, and the final moisture content is 27%, 29%, 31% and 33% respectively.
(3) The preparation of the recombined rice is carried out by using a double-screw extruder, and the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600r/min.
(4) Drying and cooling to obtain the recombinant rice. The drying temperature is 30 ℃, and the natural cooling is carried out after the drying for 8 hours.
The gelatinization temperature represents the difficulty of rice cooking, the level of alkali extinction is mainly used for representing the gelatinization temperature, the level of 1-3 represents the gelatinization temperature is high, the level of 4-5 represents moderate, and the level of 6-7 represents the gelatinization temperature is low. The rice with better quality has moderate gelatinization temperature. The method comprises the following steps: 6 rice grains were placed in a container, 4 mL of 1.7% potassium hydroxide was added, and after 24. 24 h times of room temperature soaking, the degree of disintegration of the rice grains was observed.
According to the result of fig. 1, the quality of the recombined rice is optimal when the moisture content in the polished round-grained rice powder is 31%.
Thus, it was determined that the moisture content of the polished round-grained rice flour was adjusted between 25% and 35% before entering the twin-screw extruder.
Example 2
In order to determine the addition amounts of the calcium fortifier and the folic acid fortifier in the recombinant rice, the following experiment was performed in this example:
for pregnant women, lactates and other patients with serious nutritional deficiency, the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice is prepared based on the intake of folic acid and calcium recommended by the China nutrition society, wherein the average intake of calcium of Chinese residents is 390 mg, and the highest recommended intake is 1200 mg, so that 800 mg is required to be added into the recombinant rice, and the calcium citrate malate is 3719 mg. The average daily intake of grains of Chinese residents is 400 g, and the addition amount of calcium citrate malate is 930 mg/100g. The average intake of folic acid of Chinese residents is 90 mug, the highest recommended intake is 600 mug, and the addition amount of folic acid is 150 mug/100 g. Based on the formula, the retention rate of calcium and folic acid in the extrusion, puffing and granulating process and the stewing process is firstly determined, and then the final addition amount is further determined.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking polished round-grained rice for 3.5 hours in advance, crushing by using a crusher, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve and adjusting the moisture content to 31% after crushing, and obtaining polished round-grained rice powder;
s2, uniformly mixing polished round-grained rice powder, calcium citrate malate and mono-glutamic acid type to obtain a rice powder mixture;
s3, preparing the recombined rice from the rice flour mixture by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600 r/min;
s4, drying and cooling to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice. The drying temperature is 30 ℃, and the natural cooling is carried out after the drying is carried out for 8 h.
The retention rate of calcium ions is determined by an atomic flame absorption method, and the retention rate of folic acid is determined by a high performance liquid chromatography method.
Based on the addition amount 930/mg g of calcium citrate malate and the addition amount 150 mu g/100g of folic acid, the amounts of 0.5 times, 1 time and 2 times are respectively added, the retention rate of calcium and folic acid in the extrusion and puffing granulation process and the stewing process of the double-screw extruder are determined, and finally the addition amounts of the final calcium citrate malate and the final folic acid of mono-glutamic acid type are determined.
TABLE 1 influence of extrusion and cooking processes on the calcium and folate retention in recombinant rice
| Calcium and folic acid addition (times) | Calcium citrate malate (mg/100 g) | Extrusion retention (%) | Cooking retention (%) | Single glutamic acid type folic acid (mug/100 g) | Extrusion retention (%) | Cooking retention (%) |
| Natural polished round-grained rice | 8.33 | / | 99.7 | 3.20 | / | Not detected |
| 0.5 times | 465 | 99.6 | 99.7 | 75 | 56.6 | 51.2 |
| 1 time of | 930 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 150 | 56.1 | 50.3 |
| 2 times of | 1860 | 99.8 | 99.6 | 300 | 56.3 | 50.4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the retention rate of calcium during extrusion and cooking was almost 100%, and folic acid was lost by nearly 50% during both cooking and extrusion due to heat sensitivity, so that it was confirmed that a folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice was added with calcium of 930 mg/100g and mono-glutamic acid type folic acid of 535.7. Mu.g/100 g.
Example 3
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Fructo-oligosaccharides 0.4%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The polished round-grained rice is soaked in advance for 3.5 hours and then crushed by a crusher, the crushing temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and after crushing, the polished round-grained rice is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and the moisture content of the polished round-grained rice is regulated to be 31 percent.
(2) Uniformly mixing the polished round-grained rice powder, fructo-oligosaccharide, calcium citrate malate and mono-glutamic acid folic acid to obtain a rice powder mixture.
(3) The preparation of the recombined rice is carried out by using a double-screw extruder, and the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600r/min.
(4) Drying and cooling the recombinant rice, wherein the drying temperature is 30 ℃, and naturally cooling after drying for 8 hours to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
Example 4
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Fructo-oligosaccharides 0.8%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice is the same as that of example 3.
Example 5
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Fructo-oligosaccharides 1.6%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice is the same as that of example 3.
Example 6
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Trehalose 0.4%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The polished round-grained rice is soaked in advance for 3.5 hours and then crushed by a crusher, the crushing temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and after crushing, the polished round-grained rice is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and the moisture content of the polished round-grained rice is regulated to be 31 percent.
(2) Uniformly mixing polished round-grained rice powder, trehalose, calcium citrate malate and mono-glutamic acid folic acid to obtain a rice powder mixture.
(3) The preparation of the recombined rice is carried out by using a double-screw extruder, and the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600r/min.
(4) Drying and cooling the recombinant rice, wherein the drying temperature is 30 ℃, and naturally cooling after drying for 8 hours to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
Example 7
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Trehalose 0.8%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice is the same as that of example 6.
Example 8
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Trehalose 1.6%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice is the same as that of example 6.
Example 9
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Fructo-oligosaccharides 0.6%
Trehalose 0.2%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The polished round-grained rice is soaked in advance for 3.5 hours and then crushed by a crusher, the crushing temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and after crushing, the polished round-grained rice is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and the moisture content of the polished round-grained rice is regulated to be 31 percent.
(2) Uniformly mixing polished round-grained rice powder, fructo-oligosaccharide, trehalose, calcium citrate malate and mono-glutamic acid folic acid to obtain rice powder mixture.
(3) The preparation of the recombined rice is carried out by using a double-screw extruder, and the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600r/min.
(4) Drying and cooling the recombinant rice, wherein the drying temperature is 30 ℃, and naturally cooling after drying for 8 hours to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
Comparative example
The embodiment provides folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials for preparing the recombinant rice comprise the following components:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7. Mu.g/100 g of mono-glutamic acid type folic acid.
The preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The polished round-grained rice is soaked in advance for 3.5 hours and then crushed by a crusher, the crushing temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and after crushing, the polished round-grained rice is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and the moisture content of the polished round-grained rice is regulated to be 31 percent.
(2) Uniformly mixing the polished round-grained rice powder, calcium citrate malate and mono-glutamic acid folic acid to obtain a rice powder mixture.
(3) The preparation of the recombined rice is carried out by using a double-screw extruder, and the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600r/min.
(4) Drying and cooling the recombinant rice, wherein the drying temperature is 30 ℃, and naturally cooling after drying for 8 hours to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
Test case
For the recombinant rice prepared in examples 3 to 9 and comparative example 1, rice was obtained by steaming:
cooking conditions: rice water ratio 1:1.2, soaking time is 30 min, and stewing time is 25 min.
The retrogradation characteristics of the cooked rice of examples 3 to 9 and comparative example 1 were measured, and the specific test method was:
measuring the retrogradation enthalpy value of the cooked rice by adopting a differential scanning calorimeter method, taking 20g of cooked rice, grinding and crushing the cooked rice in a crucible, taking about 10 mg to the crucible, putting the cooked rice into a differential scanning calorimeter, setting the instrument parameters to heat the cooked rice from 30 ℃ to 90 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 5 min, taking an empty crucible as a reference, taking carrier gas as nitrogen, and keeping the flow rate of 20mL/min. And recording the change of the heat flow of the starch crystal melting, and calculating the retrogradation enthalpy value according to the peak area, wherein the number of parallel samples is at least 3.
The lower the retrogradation enthalpy value, the better the retrogradation resistance of the rice, as shown in fig. 2, the retrogradation resistance of the folic acid and calcium composite retrogradation resistant recombinant rice added with fructo-oligosaccharide is significantly better than that of the comparative example without fructo-oligosaccharide, and the retrogradation resistance of example 4 added with 0.8% fructo-oligosaccharide is the best. FIG. 3 shows that the anti-retrogradation properties of the folic acid and calcium composite type anti-retrogradation recombinant rice added with trehalose are also better than those of the control group, and that example 7 added with 0.8% trehalose has the best anti-retrogradation properties.
The three-dimensional network structure formed by the penetration of amylose molecules caused by heat treatment is a main cause of starch retrogradation, and after the anti-aging agent, namely fructo-oligosaccharide and trehalose, are added, the anti-retrogradation characteristic of folic acid and calcium composite recombinant rice is enhanced probably because the fructo-oligosaccharide and the trehalose are all small molecular sugars and have more hydroxyl groups, and interaction occurs between the amylose molecules leaked through hydrogen bonds, so that the space network structure formed by the amylose molecules is reduced through inhibiting the combination between the amylose molecules, and the effect of inhibiting the starch retrogradation is achieved. Since trehalose is a disaccharide and fructooligosaccharides are a mixture of trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and pentasaccharides, fructooligosaccharides have a stronger binding site with amylose, and thus, when the two anti-aging agents are used alone, fructooligosaccharides exhibit a better anti-aging effect.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of adding 0.8% fructo-oligosaccharide, 0.8% trehalose, 0.6% fructo-oligosaccharide +0.2% trehalose on the anti-retrogradation properties of folic acid and calcium composite recombinant rice, and the results show that example 9 shows better anti-retrogradation properties than adding one anti-aging agent alone. This is probably due to the mechanism of starch retrogradation resistance of small molecule sugars, which is achieved by inhibiting the migration of water molecules around the starch molecule in addition to amylose, trehalose is disaccharide, among which the number of unfrozen water molecules around trehalose is the greatest, with the best water retention, thus example 9 enhances the interaction with amylose by fructooligosaccharides on the one hand and inhibits the migration of water around the starch molecule by trehalose on the other hand, the 2 molecular forces work cooperatively, and further, the retrogradation resistance of folic acid and calcium complex type retrogradation resistant recombinant rice is more remarkably improved.
Thus, the formulation determines 0.6% fructo-oligosaccharide+0.2% trehalose as an anti-aging agent for folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
The reagents and equipment adopted by the invention are all conventional reagents and equipment in the field.
Finally, it should be noted that the above only illustrates the technical solution of the present invention and is not limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice is characterized in that raw materials of the anti-retrogradation recombinant rice comprise polished round-grained rice, anti-retrogradation raw materials, a calcium enhancer and a folic acid enhancer, and the weight percentages or the concentrations of the raw materials are as follows:
69% of polished round-grained rice
Fructo-oligosaccharides 0.6%
Trehalose 0.2%
Calcium citrate malate 930, mg/100g
535.7 μg/100g of mono-glutamate folic acid;
the preparation method of the recombinant rice comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The polished round-grained rice is soaked in advance for 3.5 hours and then crushed by a crusher, the crushing temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 60 ℃, and after crushing, the polished round-grained rice is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve and the moisture content of the polished round-grained rice is adjusted to 31 percent;
(2) Uniformly mixing polished round-grained rice powder, fructo-oligosaccharide, trehalose, calcium citrate malate and mono-glutamic acid folic acid to obtain a rice powder mixture;
(3) The preparation of the recombined rice is carried out by using a double-screw extruder, and the specific technological parameters are as follows: the feeding rate is 10kg/h; the screw speed was 100rpm; the cutter rotating speed is 700 rpm; the temperature of the five-section cavity is as follows: region I65 ℃, region II 100 ℃, region III 140 ℃, region IV 160 ℃, region V50 ℃; the aperture of the recombined rice die is 2-6 mm; the cutting speed of the cutter at the discharge port is 600 r/min;
(4) Drying and cooling the recombinant rice, wherein the drying temperature is 30 ℃, and naturally cooling after drying for 8 hours to obtain the folic acid and calcium composite anti-retrogradation recombinant rice.
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