CN114668013A - 一种防治生姜枯萎病的杀菌组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及农药领域，提供了一种防治生姜枯萎病的杀菌组合物，包括叶菌唑和茶树精油，所述叶菌唑与茶树精油的质量比为10:1‑50:1。本发明提供的茶树精油与化学杀菌剂叶菌唑混合用于防治生姜枯萎病的组合物，该组合物可显著提高杀菌毒力和田间防效，能够有效减少化学农药用量，降低农药残留和环境污染，为药剂开发和科学使用开辟了的新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药领域，特别是涉及一种含叶菌唑和茶树精油防治生姜枯萎病的组合物。
背景技术
生姜（Zingiber officinale Rosc.）为姜科多年生宿根植物，通常作一年生栽培，具有重要的经济价值，是传统的食用和药用植物。生姜的食用部分是根状茎，除含有姜油酮、姜油酚及姜油醇外，还含有蛋白质、糖、粗脂肪及丰富的铁、钙等，是人们生活中不可缺少的调味品。在生姜的整个生育期中，容易受到多种病原菌侵染，其中姜枯萎病是生姜种植主要的土传病害之一，造成病块茎褐色病变，其致病菌为半知菌亚门的腐皮镰孢菌（Fusarium solani），侵染生姜后导致块茎变褐腐烂，造成植株黄化、萎蔫和枯萎等症状。
叶菌唑（Metconazole）属于三唑类杀菌剂，是一种麦角甾醇生物合成中C-14脱甲基化酶抑制剂。主要通过抑制麦角甾醇生物合成，破坏真菌细胞膜透性和膜结构，抑制孢子的形成和菌丝生长。
茶树精油（Tea Tree Oil，TTO）一般是由澳洲桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）白千层属（Melaleuca）灌木树种互叶白千层（Meloleuca alternifolia）的新鲜枝叶经水蒸气蒸馏得到的芳香精油。茶树精油色透明，黏度极低，挥发性强。茶树精油具有高效的抑制真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的效果，通过破坏微生物细胞壁或细胞膜结构、影响菌丝形态结构等达到抑菌作用。此外茶树精油还有诱导植物抗病性的作用。
发明内容
针对缺乏有效防治生姜枯萎病药剂的问题，本发明提供一种含叶菌唑和茶树精油的防治生姜枯萎病的杀菌组合物，以提高对生姜等植物枯萎病的防治效果，延缓病原菌对三唑类杀菌剂的抗性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
茶树精油作为叶菌唑增效剂的用途。
所述茶树精油对叶菌唑增效的质量比为1:10-40。
一种防治生姜枯萎病的杀菌组合物，包括叶菌唑和茶树精油，所述叶菌唑与茶树精油的质量比为10:1-50:1。
上述茶树精油符合标准GB/T 26514-2011 互叶白千层(精)油，松油烯-4-醇型[茶树(精)油]的要求。
优选地，上述杀菌组合物中叶菌唑和茶树精油的质量比为10:1-30:1。
优选地，上述杀菌组合物中叶菌唑的含量为10-50%。
优选地，上述杀菌组合物中还包括将有效成分叶菌唑和茶树精油便于使用或均匀分布于作物上的助剂，如惰性填料、润湿分散剂、渗透剂、乳化剂、溶剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、颜料等。
优选地，上述杀菌组合物的剂型选自悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、颗粒剂、水分散粒剂。
上述杀菌组合物还可用于防治大蒜、葱等蔬菜上由腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）侵染引起的病害。
本发明具有以下优点：
本发明提供了一种将天然产物茶树精油与化学杀菌剂叶菌唑混合用于防治生姜枯萎病的组合物，该组合物可显著提高杀菌毒力和田间防效，能够有效减少化学农药用量，降低农药残留和环境污染，为药剂开发和科学使用开辟了的新思路。
附图说明
图1是茶树精油对叶菌唑的增效效果；其中，A为腐皮镰刀菌对照，B为添加茶树精油，C为添加叶菌唑，D为添加叶菌唑和茶树精油。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 叶菌唑和茶树精油对腐皮镰刀菌的联合毒力
叶菌唑购自安道麦辉丰（江苏）有限公司，茶树精油购自江西万花香料有限公司。
采用菌丝生长速率法测定叶菌唑和茶树精油单独和按照10:1、20:1、30:1、40:1和50:1混用混用后对腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）的室内毒力：根据预试结果将药剂稀释为5-7个浓度，与PDA培养基混合后倒入9cm平皿内，冷却后制成含药平板，以加入等量灭菌水的为对照，然后将5mm腐皮镰刀菌菌饼倒置接种于含药平板中央，28℃培养至对照长满80%平皿进行测定，以十字交叉法测定菌落直径，计算生长抑制率并用软件计算EC50，采用孙云沛法评价两药剂复配对腐皮镰刀菌菌丝生长的联合毒力，并计算共毒系数（CTC）。CTC <80表示拮抗，80≤CTC≤120表示相加，CTC>120表示增效。
表1 茶树精油和叶菌唑混用对腐皮镰刀菌的联合毒力
结果如表1所示：叶菌唑和茶树精油对腐皮镰刀菌的EC50分别为0.952mg/L和3.870mg/L两者按照质量比10:1-50:1混合后对生姜枯萎病菌的EC50分别为0.496mg/L、0.453mg/L、0.655 mg/L、0.798mg/L和0.944mg/L，其共毒系数分别达206.05、217.98、148.97、121.54、102.37，其中前4个配比的增效十分显著。
实施例2 茶树精油对叶菌唑的增效
选择直径9cm的培养皿，在皿盖中央贴1片直径5mm滤纸片，灭菌后待用。在超净工作台上，向培养皿内倒入20mL PDA培养基，混入叶菌唑，使其终浓度为0.95mg/L（理论生长抑制率约50%），皿内剩余空间容积为70mL。接种直径5mm的腐皮镰刀菌菌饼后，立即在滤纸片上滴加入终浓度0.095mg/L茶树精油，迅速封口，分别以直接接种腐皮镰刀菌菌饼、添加精油以及添加叶菌唑不加精油处理为对照，每个处理重复4次。28℃培养至对照长满80%平皿进行测定，以十字交叉法测定菌落直径，计算生长抑制率。
结果如图1所示：室内毒力测定试验中，茶树精油加入0.095mg/L时对菌丝生长无抑制活性，但与叶菌唑混用时可以将抑制率提升23.4%，茶树精油作为增效剂的作用明显。
按照上述方法，叶菌唑加入终浓度分别为0.028mg/L（EC20）、0.047mg/L（EC40）、1.47mg/L（EC60），精油对叶菌唑对腐皮镰刀菌生长抑制率分别能够提高15.2%、26.5%和32.0%。说明最小抑制浓度以下的茶树精油对叶菌唑即有显著的增效作用。
实施例3 茶树精油和叶菌唑对生姜枯萎病的田间防效
将茶树精油和叶菌唑为有效成分加工成20%叶菌唑悬浮剂、1%茶树精油微囊悬浮剂、21%叶菌唑+茶树精油（20:1）悬浮剂、31%叶菌唑+茶树精油（30:1）悬浮剂、41%叶菌唑+茶树精油（40:1）悬浮剂和51%叶菌唑+茶树精油（50:1）悬浮剂用于田间防治生姜枯萎病。
选择生姜枯萎病较重的地块，于生姜种块播种前浸泡姜种，每亩用水量30升。田间试验设置7个处理，3次重复，以清水为对照，试验小区完全随机区组排列；小区面积分别为33.3m2。视清水对照区发病情况，于姜种播种后35-50天调查苗期发病情况，播种后80-90天调查成株期发病情况。按以下标准进行田间调查分级：0级为健株，长势良好无病症；1级为1至2个叶片变黄萎蔫；2级为3个叶片至全株1/3叶片萎蔫；3级为全株1/2叶片萎蔫；4级为全株3/4叶片萎蔫；5级为整个植株萎蔫或死亡。
按照以下公式计算病情指数和防效：
病情指数=∑（各级病株数×相对级数值）/（调查总株数×最大病级数）×100
防效%=（对照区病情指数-处理区病情指数）/对照区病情指数×100%。
对防效进行方差分析并采用邓肯氏新复极差法比较各药剂的平均防效是否存在显著性差异。
表2 茶树精油和叶菌唑复配对生姜枯萎病的防效
结果如表2所示：与20%叶菌唑悬浮剂在田间使用200 mg/L防治生姜枯萎病相比，11%叶菌唑+茶树精油（10：1）悬浮剂、21%叶菌唑+茶树精油（20：1）悬浮剂、31%叶菌唑+茶树精油（30：1）悬浮剂、41%叶菌唑+茶树精油（40：1）悬浮剂和51%叶菌唑+茶树精油（50：1）悬浮剂四种组合物中均降低叶菌唑1/2用量以下，且防效与单用叶菌唑相当或显著高于单用叶菌唑防效。其中，11%叶菌唑+茶树精油（10:1）悬浮剂、21%叶菌唑+茶树精油（20:1）悬浮剂、31%叶菌唑+茶树精油（30:1）悬浮剂处理的防治效果均显著高于另外两个复配组合。这表明，茶树精油和叶菌唑混用能够降低化学农药叶菌唑的使用剂量且提高防效，同时延缓病原菌对叶菌唑的抗性产生，适合田间防治生姜枯萎病。
本发明涉及农药领域，提供了一种防治生姜枯萎病的杀菌组合物，包括叶菌唑和茶树精油，所述叶菌唑与茶树精油的质量比为10:1-50:1。本发明提供的茶树精油与化学杀菌剂叶菌唑混合用于防治生姜枯萎病的组合物，该组合物可显著提高杀菌毒力和田间防效，能够有效减少化学农药用量，降低农药残留和环境污染，为药剂开发和科学使用开辟了的新思路。
Claims (8)
1.茶树精油作为叶菌唑增效剂的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于，所述茶树精油对叶菌唑增效的质量比为1:10-40。
3.一种防治生姜枯萎病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，包括叶菌唑和茶树精油，所述叶菌唑与茶树精油的质量比为10:1-50:1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，叶菌唑和茶树精油的质量比为10:1-30:1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，叶菌唑在杀菌组合物中的含量为10-50%。
6.根据权利要求3所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌组合物还包括助剂，如惰性填料、润湿分散剂、渗透剂、乳化剂、溶剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、颜料。
7.根据权利要求3所述的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌组合物的剂型选自悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、颗粒剂或水分散粒剂。
8.一种如权利要求3-7任一所述的杀菌组合物在防治大蒜或葱由腐皮镰刀菌引起的病害中的用途。
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