CN114667920A - Construction method of floating type coastal small habitat system - Google Patents
Construction method of floating type coastal small habitat system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114667920A CN114667920A CN202011544276.8A CN202011544276A CN114667920A CN 114667920 A CN114667920 A CN 114667920A CN 202011544276 A CN202011544276 A CN 202011544276A CN 114667920 A CN114667920 A CN 114667920A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a floating type coastal small habitat system, which comprises the construction of a floating type wetland carrier, a salt-tolerant plant system and a seaweed plant system, and a bird system, a microbial system and a fish and shellfish system are derived and formed by coordinating the floating type wetland carrier, the salt-tolerant plant system and the seaweed plant system. The system is relatively stable, strong in adaptability and remarkable in purification effect, has the advantages of improving the diversity of coastal organisms, increasing the landscape effect, saving the cost and the like, and can meet the water quality environment treatment of different sea areas. Wherein, the plant-microorganism synergistic effect and the absorption, enrichment and degradation of algae can degrade pollutants in the water body, thereby greatly improving the water quality purification efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of coastal water areas and freshwater-saltwater water systems, in particular to a construction method of a floating type coastal small habitat system.
Background
Offshore is one of the important places where man-made organic pollutants enter, and with the continuous promotion of urbanization and industrialization, the developed industries such as manufacturing industry, tourism industry, shipping industry, aquaculture industry, offshore oil exploitation and the like cause pollution and ecological damage to the offshore marine ecological environment to different degrees. The floating wetland technology, as an ecological technology, has the characteristics of strong applicability, no secondary pollution, good landscape property and the like, and has important significance in the aspects of environmental improvement, ecological restoration, habitat construction, landscape reconstruction and the like. At present, research and application of floating type wetland at home and abroad mainly focus on fresh water environment, and research on offshore floating type wetland is less. The floating wetland technology is utilized to carry out offshore water quality purification, ecological restoration and small habitat construction, technical support is provided for the treatment of the ecological environment of offshore sea areas, and the comprehensive treatment capability of the sea area environment can be improved. Therefore, the floating wetland technology is applied to carry out the water environment treatment and ecological restoration work in the offshore sea area, and the floating wetland technology has important significance in the aspects of optimizing the utilization of the offshore shoreline, enriching the ecological structure of the coastal shallow bay shoreline, improving the landscape of the coastal sea area and the like.
Many scholars at home and abroad develop researches on restoration of urban riverways, lakes and aquaculture water bodies by using an ecological floating bed technology, but in the measures for ecological restoration of marine water bodies, coastal water body ecological restoration is rarely performed by using floating wetlands, floating beds and similar structures. For example, the invention patent (201921790877.X) is formed by connecting and combining a floating bed frame, a floating bed carrier and an anchor chain, purifies the water body in the intertidal zone and resists wind and wave impact, and only provides limited functions of purifying seawater. The material selected by the prior art is usually high-density polyethylene material as a floating bed carrier, and toxic pollutants can be released to pollute the sea water body along with the time. In addition, the phenomena of degradation of coastal ecological environment, reduction of biological resources and the like are increasingly remarkable. At present, the method for constructing the coastal floating wetland aiming at the offshore sea area environment still has serious defects.
Based on the situation, the invention provides a construction method of a floating type coastal small habitat system, which can effectively solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the ecological environment problems of ecological shoreline degradation, intertidal zone biological diversity deficiency, environmental bearing capacity reduction and the like caused by the current coastal artificial coast, the invention adopts ecological environment-friendly materials and selects a configuration suitable for the characteristics of coastal tides to realize the construction method of the floating type coastal small habitat system.
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a multifunctional floating type coastal small habitat system, which is suitable for coastal ecological degradation areas, coastal sewage outlets, river mouths and other shallow bay coastal environments; can build habitat for the coastal shore area organisms, enrich the biodiversity and improve the water quality of the shallow bay coastal water area.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a construction method of a floating type coastal small habitat system, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a floating wetland carrier: is formed by connecting and assembling a plurality of carriers made of composite materials of plant fibers and high polymer fibers;
constructing a salt-tolerant plant system: laying salt-tolerant plants in the space above the floating wetland carrier to form a salt-tolerant plant system;
construction of algal plant System: arranging seaweed plants in the space around and below the floating wetland carrier to form a seaweed plant system;
the floating wetland carrier is coordinated with the salt-tolerant plant system and the seaweed plant system to provide a specific site for foraging and inhabiting marine birds, and the floating wetland carrier is derived to form a bird system;
the floating wetland carrier is coordinated with a salt-tolerant plant system and a seaweed plant system, provides a biofilm carrier with a large specific surface area for microorganisms, provides a specific site for foraging and inhabiting fishes and shellfishes, and is derived to form a microbial system and a fish and shellfish system.
The invention solves the technical problem by adopting a method relating to a construction method of a floating type small-sized coastal habitat system, which constructs the habitat system in a relatively flat still water area of a shallow bay near a sea bank with the average water depth of 2-6 m, wherein the habitat system comprises a salt-tolerant plant system, a seaweed plant system, a microorganism system, a fish and shellfish system, a bird system and the like.
Wherein, the salt-tolerant plant system and the seaweed plant system are producers of the floating wetland and can provide sources for energy required by the growth and metabolism of other biological groups; the seaweed plant system can directly or indirectly provide food sources for zooplankton, fishes, shrimps and shellfishes and larvae thereof; fish-shellfish systems and bird systems are the main consumers of floating wetlands; the microbial system is a decomposer of a floating wetland, and can decompose organic matters in animal and plant residues into inorganic matters to promote substance circulation.
Preferably, the salt-tolerant plant system is salt-tolerant emergent aquatic plants, and a complex community mode with multiple functions is constructed by mainly using native intertidal dominant species or suitable species.
Preferably, the algal system is mainly of the macroalgae phaeophyta and rhodophyta.
Preferably, the microorganism system is mainly composed of aerobic or facultative microorganisms, and one or two of pseudoalteromonas, alteromonas and pseudomonas.
Further preferably, the microorganisms are attached to a biofilm carrier formed by a plant root system, large-sized seaweeds and a floating wetland carrier substrate in the submerged water body.
Preferably, the fish-animal system is a fish attracted by stem and leaf tissue formed by the growth of algae and organic debris generated by wave erosion or apoptosis, and the wide leaves of algae provide attachment for the eggs of marine aquatic animals (invertebrates, juvenile fish, etc.) and a barrier to avoid predators.
Preferably, the avian system comprises coastal stagnant birds and migrating birds. The seaweed plant system resource of the floating wetland can nourish a wide variety of plankton, fish, shrimp and shellfish. The excellent ecological environment formed by the large-scale seaweed plant system and the salt-tolerant plant system can attract a plurality of birds to forage, and can also provide good inhabitation and nesting conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. providing a living habitat. Can provide habitat for aquatic animals, coastal birds and the like, and enrich species diversity.
2. Promoting the offshore water purification. The plant restoration and the microbial restoration are organically combined, so that the ecological restoration process can be effectively accelerated, the water quality is purified, and the restoration of the water ecological environment of the local water area of the shallow bay is promoted. Through the absorption, enrichment and degradation of the macroalgae, the heavy metals, organic pollutants, nutritive salts and the like in local water areas can be effectively removed, and the water purifying effect is obvious.
3. Enhancing the landscape effect of the sea area. The salt-tolerant plants, aquatic animals and birds can enhance the landscape effect of coastal sea areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the patent. Those skilled in the art can make changes or modifications to the present invention without making any creative effort, and all such changes or modifications fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying fig. 1 and examples, but is not to be construed as being limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a floating type coastal compact habitat system including a salt-tolerant plant system, an algal plant system, a microbial system, a fish-shellfish system, a bird system.
Based on the habitat system, the embodiment further provides a construction method of the floating type small coastal habitat system, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a floating wetland carrier is made of a composite material of plant fibers and high polymer fibers, and the monomer construction area is not less than 1000m2。
Secondly, planting different types and different functional plant communities, such as reed, suaeda salsa and the like, in the space above the floating wetland carrier;
finally, large algae plants such as kelp, undaria pinnatifida, asparagus and the like are arranged in the space around and below the floating wetland body;
meanwhile, the salt-tolerant plant system and the seaweed plant system are used as basic systems of small coastal habitats, and plant root systems, seaweeds and the substrate of a floating wetland can provide large specific surface area to serve as excellent biological carriers for microorganism attachment, so that marine functional flora is enriched and a microbial system is formed through derivation.
Meanwhile, the algae plant system which is directionally cultivated can provide habitat for specific fishes and shellfishes, and the fishes and the shellfishes are derived to form a fish and shellfish system; the salt-tolerant plant system planted in a directional mode can form a place for specific seabirds to rest and shelter, or directional nests are constructed to be derived to form a bird system.
The formed excellent ecological environment can attract a plurality of birds to stay and forage, and can also provide good inhabitation and nesting conditions. The system units are combined to form an ecological community and a floating type coastal small habitat system.
In addition, stem and leaf tissues formed by the growth of large-scale seaweeds and organic debris generated by wave scouring or apoptosis can provide stable food sources for a large number of marine organisms, and the wide and large leaves of the seaweeds can nourish various plankton, fishes, shrimps and shellfish organisms, and provide attachments for the oviposition of marine aquatic animals and a barrier for avoiding predators.
The system is relatively stable, strong in adaptability and remarkable in purification effect, has the advantages of improving the diversity of coastal organisms, increasing the landscape effect, saving the cost and the like, and can meet the water quality environment treatment of different sea areas. Wherein, the plant-microorganism synergistic effect and the absorption, enrichment and degradation of algae can degrade pollutants in the water body, thereby greatly improving the water quality purification efficiency.
According to the description and the drawings, those skilled in the art can easily make or use the construction method of the floating type coastal small habitat system of the present invention, and can produce the positive effects described in the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method of a floating type coastal small habitat system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a floating wetland carrier: is formed by connecting and assembling a plurality of carriers made of composite materials of plant fibers and high polymer fibers;
constructing a salt-tolerant plant system: laying salt-tolerant plants in the space above the floating wetland carrier to form a salt-tolerant plant system;
construction of algal plant System: arranging seaweed plants in the space around and below the floating wetland carrier to form a seaweed plant system;
the floating wetland carrier is coordinated with the salt-tolerant plant system and the seaweed plant system to provide a specific site for foraging and inhabiting marine birds, and the floating wetland carrier is derived to form a bird system;
the floating wetland carrier is coordinated with the salt-tolerant plant system and the seaweed plant system, provides a biofilm carrier with a large specific surface area for microorganisms, provides a specific site for foraging and inhabiting fishes and shellfishes, and is derived to form a microorganism system and a fish and shellfish system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the floating coastal small habitat system comprises: the salt-tolerant plant system is salt-tolerant emergent aquatic plants, and a complex community mode with multiple functionalities is constructed by mainly using native intertidal dominant species or suitable species.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the floating type coastal compact habitat system comprises: the seaweed plant system mainly comprises macroalgae Phaeophyta and macroalgae Rhodophyta.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the floating coastal small habitat system comprises: the microorganism system mainly comprises aerobic or facultative microorganisms and one or two of pseudoalteromonas, alteromonas and pseudomonas.
5. The method of constructing a floating type coastal compact habitat system as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the microorganisms are attached to a biomembrane carrier formed by plant roots, large-sized seaweeds and a floating wetland carrier substrate immersed in a water body.
6. The floating type coastal small habitat system of claim 1, wherein: the fish and animal system is a fish attracted by stem and leaf tissues formed by the growth of seaweeds and organic debris generated by wave scouring or apoptosis, and the wide and large leaves of the seaweeds provide attachments for the oviposition of marine aquatic animals and a barrier for avoiding predators.
7. The floating type coastal small habitat system of claim 1, wherein: the bird system includes coastal immobile birds and migratory birds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011544276.8A CN114667920A (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Construction method of floating type coastal small habitat system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011544276.8A CN114667920A (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Construction method of floating type coastal small habitat system |
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| CN114667920A true CN114667920A (en) | 2022-06-28 |
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| CN202011544276.8A Pending CN114667920A (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Construction method of floating type coastal small habitat system |
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