CN114665982A - Circuit and method based on human body channel communication - Google Patents
Circuit and method based on human body channel communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN114665982A CN114665982A CN202210184737.8A CN202210184737A CN114665982A CN 114665982 A CN114665982 A CN 114665982A CN 202210184737 A CN202210184737 A CN 202210184737A CN 114665982 A CN114665982 A CN 114665982A
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/005—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
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Abstract
The invention provides a circuit and a method based on human body channel communication, wherein the circuit comprises a frequency generator, a transmitter and a receiver, the frequency generator adopts a phase-locked loop structure and comprises a transmitting mode and a receiving mode, square waves generated by a crystal oscillator are input into the phase-locked loop to be frequency-multiplied to obtain clock signals and then input into the transmitter in the transmitting mode, and the frequency-multiplied square waves generated by the crystal oscillator are used as demodulated local oscillation signals and input into the receiver in the receiving mode; the transmitter comprises a frequency divider, a data selector and a human body driver, wherein a clock signal obtained by frequency multiplication is divided by the frequency divider, then an FSK frequency modulation signal is generated by one of the data selector, and then the signal is transmitted into a human body by a human body driver driving electrode; the receiver amplifies signals transmitted by a human body and received by the electrodes, down-converts the signals to a low intermediate frequency, filters high-frequency interference and then amplifies the signals to recover data. The invention has the characteristics of good privacy, high energy efficiency and low power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication chips, and relates to a circuit and a method based on human body channel communication.
Background
Today with, for example: smart devices such as smart phones and smart watches are increasingly popular, and the necessity of energy-efficient wireless communication is increasing, so that data with a high bit rate can be stably transmitted between devices at lower cost and with lower power consumption. In particular, these demands are getting more and more attention in body area communication (BAN). The communication target of a body region is typically in the range of less than 2 meters of the body, covering applications for implantable, wearable devices. The BCC is transmitted by low frequency signals to limit the signals within the human body, so that it is difficult for an eavesdropper to intercept the key private data, thereby forming a private communication channel. It takes advantage of both wired and wireless transmission, and BCC has lower channel attenuation compared to air because it uses the better conducting human body as the medium. The human body channel communication also has an advantage of small size in system design because it does not require an antenna but communicates using an electrode. The existing research shows that compared with the traditional wireless transmission modes such as Bluetooth and WIFI, the BCC transmission mode has the highest energy efficiency and the lowest power consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems and realize the technology in the prior art, the invention provides a circuit and a method based on human body channel communication, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a circuit based on human body channel communication comprises a frequency generator, a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the frequency generator adopts a phase-locked loop structure and comprises a transmitting mode and a receiving mode, a square wave generated by a crystal oscillator is input into the phase-locked loop to be subjected to frequency multiplication in the transmitting mode to obtain a clock signal and then input into the transmitter, and the frequency multiplication of the square wave generated by the crystal oscillator is used as a demodulated local oscillator signal and input into the receiver in the receiving mode; the transmitter comprises a frequency divider, a data selector MUX and a human body driver, wherein a clock signal obtained by frequency multiplication is divided by the frequency divider, and then an FSK frequency modulation signal is generated by selecting one of the data selector MUX, and then the signal is transmitted into a human body by a human body driver driving electrode; the receiver amplifies signals transmitted by a human body and received by the electrodes, down-converts the signals to a low intermediate frequency, filters high-frequency interference and then amplifies the signals to recover data.
Furthermore, the frequency divider comprises an N frequency divider and an M frequency divider, a square wave signal generated by the crystal oscillator is subjected to frequency multiplication by a phase-locked loop working in a transmitting mode to obtain a clock of the transmitter, and the clock is subjected to N frequency division by the N frequency divider and M frequency division by the M frequency divider to obtain two square waves with different frequencies.
Further, the receiver includes: the front-end amplifier fused with the frequency mixer amplifies signals received from a human body and electrodes nonlinearly, and performs down-conversion on the received FSK frequency modulation signal by using a square wave signal generated by the frequency generator in a receiving mode to obtain a down-converted low-intermediate frequency signal; the output of the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer is connected to a low-pass filter, and the low-pass filter can perform low-pass filtering on the down-converted low-intermediate-frequency signal and filter out high-frequency noise and harmonic waves to obtain a sine wave signal and a direct-current signal; the output of the low-pass filter is connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, and the intermediate frequency amplifier can amplify the low-pass filtered signal again, namely amplify the sine wave signal and the signal close to direct current; the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to a data recovery module, the data recovery module adopts a half-wave shaping method to distinguish the amplified sine wave signal from the amplified direct current signal, and original data are recovered through a hysteresis comparator.
Further, the frequency generator includes: the frequency divider group comprises a first frequency divider and a second frequency divider, the mode switch switches the working mode of the frequency generator, the phase-locked loop outputs an X MHz square wave in a transmitting mode, and the phase-locked loop outputs a Y MHz square wave in a receiving mode; the crystal oscillator generates a reference signal source with the frequency of Z MHz as the reference frequency of the phase-locked loop; the phase frequency detector performs phase frequency detection on the output frequency signal subjected to frequency division by the frequency divider group and the reference frequency signal, and extracts the frequency and phase difference between the output frequency signal and the reference frequency signal; the charge pump can amplify the output signal of the phase frequency detector and charge and discharge the capacitor of the low-pass filter; the loop low-pass filter can filter noise and interference components of error voltage output by the charge pump to form control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator; the voltage-controlled oscillator adjusts output frequency according to control voltage, the frequency divider group divides the output frequency and then accesses the phase frequency detector, the phase frequency detector is compared with a reference signal source, phase and frequency information is extracted, negative feedback is formed, and the phase-locked loop is enabled to be gradually locked at expected X MHz and Y MHz output frequencies.
A method based on human body channel communication specifically comprises the following steps: the transmitter divides the frequency of square waves obtained by frequency multiplication in a transmitting mode into N frequency and M frequency, modulates the N frequency and the M frequency by a data selector MUX (multiplexer) to obtain an FSK frequency modulation signal, and transmits the FSK frequency modulation signal into a human body through an electrode after driving; the receiver takes a square wave signal obtained by frequency multiplication in a receiving mode as a baseband signal, and restores original data after carrying out amplification, down-conversion, low-pass filtering, intermediate frequency amplification and data restoration operations on the FSK frequency modulation signal received by a human body and an electrode.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional schemes such as Bluetooth and WIFI, the invention utilizes the conductivity of the human body to carry out communication, does not need an antenna, and has the advantages of low power consumption, miniaturization, good privacy and high energy efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic of an embodiment of a transmitter in a transmit mode of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a receiver in a receive mode of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A circuit for human body channel based communication, comprising: frequency generator, transmitter, receiver. The frequency generator is used for generating square wave signals of two frequencies required by the system; the transmitter is used for generating FSK frequency modulation signals and increasing the driving capability of the transmitter, so that the transmitter can drive the electrode and the human body to have larger impedance, the receiver is used for amplifying and down-converting signals received by the electrode and transmitted by the human body to low intermediate frequency, filtering high-frequency interference by the filter and then amplifying the intermediate frequency, and the data are restored by the data recovery module to realize the demodulation function.
The frequency generator adopts a phase-locked loop structure and comprises two modes: the receiving mode is to frequency-multiply the square wave generated by the crystal oscillator to be used as a demodulated local oscillator signal.
Specifically, the frequency generator includes: the frequency divider group comprises a first frequency divider and a second frequency divider, the mode switch can switch the working mode of the frequency generator, the first frequency divider with the frequency dividing ratio of 24 is connected to the loop of the phase-locked loop in a transmitting mode, the frequency of the 2MHz square wave generated by the crystal oscillator is multiplied by 24 times, 48MHz square wave is output, the second frequency divider with the frequency dividing ratio of 13 is connected to the loop of the phase-locked loop in a receiving mode, the 2MHz square wave generated by the crystal oscillator is multiplied by 13 times, and 26MHz square wave is output; the crystal oscillator generates a reference signal source with the frequency of 2MHz as the reference frequency of the phase-locked loop; the phase frequency detector performs phase frequency detection on the output frequency signal subjected to frequency division by the frequency divider group and the reference frequency signal, and extracts the frequency and phase difference between the output frequency signal and the reference frequency signal; the charge pump can amplify the output signal of the phase frequency detector and charge and discharge the capacitor of the low-pass filter; the loop low-pass filter can filter noise and interference components of the error voltage output by the charge pump to form control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator. The voltage-controlled oscillator can adjust output frequency according to control voltage, the frequency divider group divides the output frequency and then accesses the phase frequency detector, the frequency divided output frequency is compared with a reference signal source, phase and frequency information is extracted, negative feedback is formed, and the phase-locked loop is enabled to be gradually locked at the expected 48MHz or 26MHz output frequency.
As shown in fig. 1, the transmitter circuit of the transmission mode of the present invention includes: the frequency divider comprises an N frequency divider and an M frequency divider; the square wave signal generated by the crystal oscillator is multiplied by a phase-locked loop working in a transmitting mode to obtain a clock of the transmitter, the clock of the transmitter is divided by an N frequency divider and an M frequency divider to obtain two square waves with different frequencies, an FSK frequency modulation signal is generated by selecting one of the N frequency divider and the M frequency divider, and then the FSK frequency modulation signal is transmitted to a human body through a human body driver driving electrode.
Specifically, the crystal oscillator generates a square wave signal and inputs the square wave signal into a phase-locked loop, and a clock signal is obtained by frequency multiplication; the output of the phase-locked loop is respectively connected to the input ends of the N frequency divider and the M frequency divider, and two square waves with different frequencies are obtained after N frequency division and M frequency division; the outputs of the N frequency divider and the M frequency divider are respectively connected to the input end of a data selector MUX, a certain path of signal is controlled and selected to pass through by a data signal, and an FSK frequency modulation signal is output; the output of the data selector MUX is connected to the input end of the human body driver so as to drive the electrode and the larger capacitance of the human body; the output of the human body driver is connected to the medical electrode, and transmits signals into the human body.
The receiver circuit of the reception mode of the present invention includes: the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer can carry out nonlinear amplification on signals received from a human body and electrodes, and a frequency generator generates square wave signals in a receiving mode to carry out down-conversion on the received FSK frequency modulation signals to obtain down-converted low-intermediate frequency signals. The low-pass filter can perform low-pass filtering on the low and intermediate frequency signals after down conversion, and filter high-frequency noise and harmonic waves to obtain sine wave signals and signals close to direct current. The if amplifier is capable of re-amplifying the low-pass filtered signal, i.e. amplifying the sine wave signal as well as the near dc signal, for subsequent operation. The data recovery module adopts a half-wave shaping method to distinguish the amplified sine wave signal from a signal close to direct current, and original data are recovered through a hysteresis comparator.
Specifically, the crystal oscillator generates a square wave signal and inputs the square wave signal into a phase-locked loop, and a baseband signal is obtained by frequency multiplication; the output of the phase-locked loop is connected to a front-end amplifier fused with the frequency mixer, and the front-end amplifier fused with the frequency mixer performs frequency mixing operation on FSK frequency modulation signals received by a human body and electrodes; the output of the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer is connected to a low-pass filter to filter high-frequency noise interference signals and harmonic waves; the output of the low-pass filter is connected to the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the intermediate frequency signal is amplified again, so that subsequent operation is facilitated. The output of the intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to a data recovery module to recover data and clock signals.
The embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the transmitter circuit in the transmission mode includes: the device comprises a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop, a frequency-halving device, a frequency-tripling device, a data selector MUX and a human body driver.
And 2MHz square wave signals generated by the crystal oscillator are input into a phase-locked loop, and frequency multiplication is carried out by 24 times in a transmitting mode to obtain 48MHz square wave signals.
The output of the phase-locked loop is respectively connected to the input ends of the two-frequency divider and the three-frequency divider, and square waves of 16MHz and 24MHz are obtained after two-frequency division and three-frequency division.
The outputs of the two-frequency divider and the three-frequency divider are respectively connected to the input end of the MUX (multiplexer), a certain path of signal is controlled and selected to pass by the data signal, and FSK frequency modulation signals of 24MHz and 16MHz are output.
The data selector MUX selects 24MHz and 16MHz square wave signals from the external input data signal to form an FSK frequency modulation signal, that is, a 24MHz square wave signal is selected when the data signal is 1, and a 16MHz square wave signal is selected when the data signal is 0.
The output of the data selector MUX is connected to the input of the human body driver to drive the electrodes and the larger capacitance of the human body.
The output of the human body driver is connected to the medical electrode, and transmits signals into the human body.
As shown in fig. 3, the receiver circuit in the receive mode includes: the device comprises a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop, a front-end amplifier fused with a mixer, a low-pass filter, an intermediate frequency amplifier and a data recovery module.
And 2MHz square wave signals generated by the crystal oscillator are input into a phase-locked loop, and frequency multiplication is carried out by 13 times to obtain 26MHz square wave signals as baseband signals.
The output of the phase-locked loop is connected to a front-end amplifier fused with a mixer, and frequency mixing operation is carried out on FSK signals received by a human body and electrodes, specifically: the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer can carry out nonlinear amplification on signals received from a human body and the electrodes, and carry out down-conversion on the received FSK frequency modulation signals by using 26MHz square wave signals generated by the frequency generator in a receiving mode to obtain square wave signals of 2MHz and 10 MHz.
The output of the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer is connected to a low-pass filter, and high-frequency interference signals and noise are filtered, specifically: the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is set to be 3MHz, the low-pass filter can perform low-pass filtering on the signals subjected to down-conversion, high-frequency noise and harmonic waves are filtered, and sine waves of 2MHz and signals close to direct current are obtained.
The output of the low-pass filter is connected to the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the intermediate frequency signal is amplified again, namely the intermediate frequency amplifier can amplify the signal after low-pass filtering again, so that subsequent operation is facilitated.
The output of the intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to a data recovery module to recover data and clock signals, specifically, the data recovery module adopts a half-wave shaping method to distinguish 2MHz sine waves from signals close to direct current, and original data are recovered through a hysteresis comparator.
A human body channel communication method, the launcher frequency multiplication gets the square wave of 48MHz under the transmission mode and divides frequency two and three, control the alternative one of the data selector MUX by the data signal and modulate, get FSK frequency modulation signal, transmit into the human body through the electrode after driving; the receiver takes a 26MHz square wave signal obtained by frequency multiplication in a receiving mode as a baseband signal, and recovers original data after carrying out operations of amplification, down-conversion, low-pass filtering, intermediate frequency amplification and data recovery on 16MHz and 24MHz FSK frequency modulation signals received by a human body and electrodes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the foregoing has described the practice of the present invention in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the practice of the invention as described in the foregoing examples, or that certain features may be substituted in the practice of the invention. All changes, equivalents and modifications which come within the spirit and scope of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (5)
1. A circuit based on human body channel communication comprises a frequency generator, a transmitter and a receiver, and is characterized in that the frequency generator adopts a phase-locked loop structure and comprises a transmitting mode and a receiving mode, square waves generated by a crystal oscillator are input into the phase-locked loop to be frequency-multiplied to obtain clock signals and then input into the transmitter in the transmitting mode, and the frequency-multiplied square waves generated by the crystal oscillator are used as demodulated local oscillator signals and input into the receiver in the receiving mode; the transmitter comprises a frequency divider, a data selector MUX and a human body driver, a clock signal obtained by frequency multiplication is divided by the frequency divider, and then the clock signal is selected by the data selector MUX to generate an FSK frequency modulation signal, and then the FSK frequency modulation signal is transmitted into a human body through a human body driver driving electrode; the receiver amplifies signals transmitted by a human body and received by the electrodes, down-converts the signals to a low intermediate frequency, filters high-frequency interference and then amplifies the signals to recover data.
2. The human body channel communication-based circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency divider comprises an N frequency divider and an M frequency divider, the square wave signal generated by the crystal oscillator is multiplied by the phase-locked loop operating in the transmitting mode to obtain the clock of the transmitter, and the clock is divided by the N frequency divider and the M frequency divider to obtain two square waves with different frequencies.
3. The human-body-channel-communication-based circuit according to claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises: the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer amplifies signals received from a human body and electrodes in a nonlinear manner, and performs down-conversion on the received FSK frequency modulation signal by using a square wave signal generated by the frequency generator in a receiving mode to obtain a down-converted low-intermediate frequency signal; the output of the front-end amplifier fused with the mixer is connected to a low-pass filter, and the low-pass filter can perform low-pass filtering on the down-converted low-intermediate-frequency signal and filter out high-frequency noise and harmonic waves to obtain a sine wave signal and a direct-current signal; the output of the low-pass filter is connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, and the intermediate frequency amplifier can amplify the low-pass filtered signal again, namely amplify the sine wave signal and the signal close to direct current; the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to a data recovery module, the data recovery module adopts a half-wave shaping method to distinguish the amplified sine wave signal from the amplified direct current signal, and original data are recovered through a hysteresis comparator.
4. A human body channel communication-based circuit according to claim 3, wherein the frequency generator comprises: the frequency divider group comprises a first frequency divider and a second frequency divider, the mode switch switches the working mode of the frequency generator, the phase-locked loop outputs an X MHz square wave in a transmitting mode, and the phase-locked loop outputs a Y MHz square wave in a receiving mode; the crystal oscillator generates a reference signal source with the frequency of Z MHz as the reference frequency of the phase-locked loop; the phase frequency detector performs phase frequency detection on the output frequency signal subjected to frequency division by the frequency divider group and the reference frequency signal, and extracts the frequency and phase difference between the output frequency signal and the reference frequency signal; the charge pump can amplify the output signal of the phase frequency detector and charge and discharge the capacitor of the low-pass filter; the loop low-pass filter can filter noise and interference components of error voltage output by the charge pump to form control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator; the voltage-controlled oscillator adjusts output frequency according to control voltage, the frequency divider group divides the output frequency and then accesses the phase frequency detector, the phase frequency detector is compared with a reference signal source, phase and frequency information is extracted, negative feedback is formed, and the phase-locked loop is enabled to be gradually locked at expected X MHz and Y MHz output frequencies.
5. A communication method using the human body channel communication-based circuit according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the transmitter divides the frequency of square waves obtained by frequency multiplication in a transmitting mode into N frequency and M frequency, modulates the N frequency and the M frequency by a data selector MUX (multiplexer) to obtain an FSK frequency modulation signal, and transmits the FSK frequency modulation signal into a human body through an electrode after driving; the receiver takes a square wave signal obtained by frequency multiplication in a receiving mode as a baseband signal, and restores original data after carrying out operations of amplification, down conversion, low-pass filtering, intermediate frequency amplification and data restoration on an FSK frequency modulation signal received by a human body and an electrode.
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| CN202210184737.8A CN114665982A (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2022-02-28 | Circuit and method based on human body channel communication |
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