CN103560837A - Real-time medical communication system based on current coupling type human body communications and communication method thereof - Google Patents
Real-time medical communication system based on current coupling type human body communications and communication method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统及其通信方法，属于人体通信领域，主要解决了现有的电容耦合型人体通信整个系统的适应性、稳定性低的问题。该实时医疗系统，包括电源模块，分别与电源模块连接的、同时安装于人体上的发射机和接收机，该实时医疗通信系统的通信方法包括：将人体医疗信号通过发射机转换成适合人体组织传输的差分电流信号，通过导线传送给贴片电极；贴片电极将差分电流信号注入人体组织，采集人体组织中的电压信号传送给接收机；接收机检测人体上两个不同位置之间的电压获得医疗信号。本发明可以在不影响人的正常生理状态下，安全、稳定的利用人体作为媒质实现信息传输，非常适宜大规模推广使用。
The invention discloses a real-time medical communication system and communication method based on current-coupled human body communication, belongs to the field of human body communication, and mainly solves the problems of low adaptability and stability of the existing capacitively coupled human body communication system. The real-time medical system includes a power supply module, a transmitter and a receiver respectively connected to the power supply module and installed on the human body at the same time. The communication method of the real-time medical communication system includes: converting the human medical signal through the transmitter into The transmitted differential current signal is sent to the patch electrode through the wire; the patch electrode injects the differential current signal into the human tissue, collects the voltage signal in the human tissue and transmits it to the receiver; the receiver detects the voltage between two different positions on the human body Get a medical signal. The invention can safely and stably utilize the human body as a medium to realize information transmission without affecting the normal physiological state of the human being, and is very suitable for large-scale popularization and use.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种医疗通信系统和通信方法，具体涉及一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统及其通信方法，属于人体通信领域。 The present invention relates to a medical communication system and communication method, in particular to a real-time medical communication system based on current-coupled human body communication and its communication method, belonging to the field of human body communication.
背景技术 Background technique
人体通信（Intra-body Communication，IBC）是一种新兴的短距离“无线”通信方式，它的最大特点在于利用人体作为微弱电信号的传输煤质，以实现人体表面、内部、周围等一切可与人体接触的电子装置之间的数据传输和共享，相比常见的有线和无线连接技术，IBC不仅免去了冗繁的连线，同时兼具功耗小、辐射微弱、成本低廉、安全性好等特点。现阶段的人体通信技术可实现人体体表、体内等一系列穿戴式/植入式医疗传感器/仪器之间的信号交互与共享，从而构建人体生理信号获取、分析与处理的基本平台—体域网，以期在减少设备成本、简化操作步骤的同时提高监护质量，这种新型的健康监护模式对于使用者而言，不仅有利于各传感器的协同控制和参数融合，便于使用者对自身健康状况做出初步、客观、全面的评价，更能通过人体基站/服务器将检测到的生理参数、评价结果由公共网络（GSM、3G）发送至社区或医院的服务平台，供专业医护人员做出最终诊断，尤其适用于需要实时、连续、长时间检测各种人体生理特征参数的医疗监护场合，诸如慢性病、老年性疾病患者、残疾人的监护以及运动员、航天员的状态监测。 Intra-body Communication (IBC) is an emerging short-distance "wireless" communication method. Its biggest feature is that it uses the human body as a transmission medium for weak electrical signals, so as to realize all visible information on the surface, interior, and surroundings of the human body. For data transmission and sharing between electronic devices in contact with the human body, compared with common wired and wireless connection technologies, IBC not only eliminates redundant connections, but also has low power consumption, weak radiation, low cost, and good security Features. The current human body communication technology can realize the signal interaction and sharing between a series of wearable/implantable medical sensors/instruments such as the human body surface and the body, so as to build a basic platform for human physiological signal acquisition, analysis and processing—body domain network, in order to reduce equipment costs and simplify operation steps while improving monitoring quality. For users, this new type of health monitoring mode is not only conducive to the collaborative control and parameter fusion of various sensors, but also convenient for users to make adjustments to their own health conditions. A preliminary, objective and comprehensive evaluation can be made, and the detected physiological parameters and evaluation results can be sent from the public network (GSM, 3G) to the community or hospital service platform through the human body base station/server for professional medical staff to make a final diagnosis , especially suitable for medical monitoring occasions that require real-time, continuous, and long-term detection of various human physiological characteristic parameters, such as monitoring of chronic diseases, senile disease patients, disabled people, and status monitoring of athletes and astronauts.
现阶段人体通信技术可分为电容耦合型和电流耦合性两类，电容耦合型的整个系统由发送端、人体、接收端三部分组成，发送端和接收端分别有信号贴片电极和对地耦合贴片电极，信号贴片电极用来发送和检测信号，该贴片电极可以与人体接触，也可以在人体的皮肤附近；对地耦合贴片电极主要是用来产生信号的对地回路。这些都只能集中在人体表面进行，通信也仅限于表面到表面的通信，无法深入组织内部，这是由于在信号的传输过程中，发送端和接收端必须形成对地回路，因此这种方式不适合于植入式人体通信，并且由于人体传输过程中回路的不确定性，使得收发器设计难度较大，此外在通信过程中，对地耦合贴片电极的工作方式类似向外辐射杂散场，不确定因素太大，极易受到外界电磁干扰，从而导致系统的适应性和稳定性降低。电流耦合性型人体通信与电容耦合型人体通信不同之处在于发送装置与接收装置的贴片电极直接与人体接触，并且不需要与地面发生对地耦合，为设备的放置放宽了条件，并且功耗非常低（仅需要8uW），因此它适用于植入式设备的通信技术。 At present, human body communication technology can be divided into two types: capacitive coupling type and current coupling type. The whole system of capacitive coupling type is composed of three parts: the sending end, the human body, and the receiving end. The sending end and the receiving end have signal patch electrodes and ground electrodes respectively Coupling patch electrodes, signal patch electrodes are used to send and detect signals. The patch electrodes can be in contact with the human body or near the skin of the human body; the ground-coupling patch electrodes are mainly used to generate the ground loop of the signal. These can only be carried out on the surface of the human body, and the communication is limited to surface-to-surface communication, and cannot go deep into the organization. It is not suitable for implantable human body communication, and due to the uncertainty of the loop in the human body transmission process, it makes the design of the transceiver more difficult. In addition, in the communication process, the ground-coupled patch electrode works in a similar way to radiating stray fields , the uncertainty factor is too large, and it is extremely vulnerable to external electromagnetic interference, which leads to a decrease in the adaptability and stability of the system. The difference between the current-coupled human body communication and the capacitively coupled human body communication is that the patch electrodes of the sending device and the receiving device are in direct contact with the human body, and there is no need for ground coupling with the ground, which relaxes the conditions for the placement of the device, and the function The power consumption is very low (requiring only 8uW), so it is suitable for communication technology of implantable devices.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统及其通信方法，主要解决了现有的电容耦合型人体通信因对地回路的依赖而造成整个系统的适应性、稳定性下降的问题。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time medical communication system and communication method based on current-coupled human body communication, which mainly solves the adaptability and stability of the entire system caused by the dependence of the existing capacitive-coupled human body communication on the ground loop The problem of sexual decline.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下： In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统，包括电源模块，分别与电源模块连接的、同时安装于人体上的发射机和接收机，用于连接人体和发射机的第一贴片电极、第二贴片电极，连接人体和接收机的第三贴片电极、第四贴片电极，所述发射机包括基于FPGA的调制模块，与基于FPGA的调制模块连接的DDS模块，与DDS模块相连并用于连接第一贴片电极和第二贴片电极的单端电压转换差分电流模块，所述接收机包括通过第三贴片电极和第四贴片电极与人体组织连接的信号接收模块，顺次连接的模拟乘法器、移相器、锁相环、基于FPGA的解调模块，模拟乘法器与信号接收模块相连。 A real-time medical communication system based on current-coupled human body communication, including a power supply module, a transmitter and a receiver connected to the power supply module and installed on the human body at the same time, and a first patch electrode used to connect the human body and the transmitter , the second patch electrode, the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode connecting the human body and the receiver, the transmitter includes a modulation module based on FPGA, a DDS module connected with the modulation module based on FPGA, and a DDS module A single-ended voltage conversion differential current module connected and used to connect the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode, the receiver includes a signal receiving module connected to human tissue through the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode, An analog multiplier, a phase shifter, a phase-locked loop, and an FPGA-based demodulation module are connected in sequence, and the analog multiplier is connected with the signal receiving module.
具体地，所述基于FPGA的调制模块包括用于与外接时钟信号连接的分频器，与分频器连接的选择器，分别与选择器连接的差分相位编码器和内部时钟信号产生模块，分别与差分相位编码器连接的驱动器和用于连接人体医疗信号的串/并变换器，驱动器与DDS模块连接。所述基于FPGA的解调模块包括顺次连接的串/并变换器、抽样判决器、并/串变换器，串/并变换器与锁相环相连，并/串变换器与外部屏幕相连。 Specifically, the FPGA-based modulation module includes a frequency divider connected to an external clock signal, a selector connected to the frequency divider, a differential phase encoder and an internal clock signal generation module respectively connected to the selector, respectively A driver connected with a differential phase encoder and a serial/parallel converter for connecting human medical signals, and the driver is connected with a DDS module. The FPGA-based demodulation module includes a serial/parallel converter, a sampling decision device, and a parallel/serial converter connected in sequence, the serial/parallel converter is connected with a phase-locked loop, and the parallel/serial converter is connected with an external screen.
进一步地，所述单端电压转换差分电流模块包括顺次连接的用于对输入电压调节的电压调节电路、用于将单端电压信号转换成差分电压信号的单端电压转差分电压电路、用于将差分电压信号转换成差分电流信号的电压转电流电路，电压调节电路与DDS模块相连，电压转电流电路与第一贴片电极、第二贴片电极相连。 Further, the single-ended voltage conversion differential current module includes a voltage regulation circuit for adjusting the input voltage connected in sequence, a single-ended voltage-to-differential voltage circuit for converting a single-ended voltage signal into a differential voltage signal, and a For the voltage-to-current circuit that converts the differential voltage signal into a differential current signal, the voltage regulation circuit is connected to the DDS module, and the voltage-to-current circuit is connected to the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode.
所述信号接收模块包括顺次连接的用于测量人体上两个不同位置之间的电压差的仪表放大器电路、用于抑制干扰信号的带通滤波器电路、用于为后级信号处理提供足够电压的电压调节电路，所述仪表放大器电路与第三贴片电极、第四贴片电极相连，电压调节电路分别与基于FPGA的解调模块和模拟乘法器相连。 The signal receiving module includes an instrumentation amplifier circuit connected in sequence for measuring the voltage difference between two different positions on the human body, a band-pass filter circuit for suppressing interference signals, and a circuit for providing sufficient signal processing for subsequent stages. A voltage regulator circuit, the instrumentation amplifier circuit is connected to the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode, and the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the FPGA-based demodulation module and the analog multiplier respectively.
再进一步地，所述驱动器为AD9834，DDS模块为基于AD9834的DDS模块，模拟乘法器为MC1496，移相器为74LS123，锁相环为CD4046。 Still further, the driver is AD9834, the DDS module is a DDS module based on AD9834, the analog multiplier is MC1496, the phase shifter is 74LS123, and the phase-locked loop is CD4046.
一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统的通信方法，包括以下步骤： A communication method of a real-time medical communication system based on current-coupled human body communication, comprising the following steps:
（1）将采集到的人体医疗信号通过发射机转换成适合人体组织传输的差分电流信号，通过导线传送给贴片电极； (1) Convert the collected human medical signal into a differential current signal suitable for human tissue transmission through the transmitter, and transmit it to the patch electrode through the wire;
（2）连接发射机的贴片电极将发射机送出的差分电流信号注入人体组织，连接接收机的贴片电极采集人体组织中的电压信号传送给接收机； (2) The patch electrode connected to the transmitter injects the differential current signal sent by the transmitter into the human tissue, and the patch electrode connected to the receiver collects the voltage signal in the human tissue and transmits it to the receiver;
（3）接收机通过贴片电极检测人体上两个不同位置之间的电压获得医疗信号，并显示在屏幕上。 (3) The receiver detects the voltage between two different positions on the human body through patch electrodes to obtain medical signals and displays them on the screen.
具体地，所述步骤（1）中具体包括以下步骤： Specifically, the step (1) specifically includes the following steps:
（1a）采集到的人体医疗信号通过串/并变换器将串行输入的人体医疗信号转换成并行数据，然后送入差分相位编码器； (1a) The collected human medical signal is converted into parallel data by serial/parallel converter, and then sent to the differential phase encoder;
（1b）外接时钟信号通过分频器进入选择器，同时内部时钟信号产生模块产生内部时钟信号进入选择器，然后通过差分相位编码器，将输入差分相位编码器的信号转换为用前一码元两个正交信号与当前码元两个正交信号之间的关系表示的逻辑信号； (1b) The external clock signal enters the selector through the frequency divider, and at the same time, the internal clock signal generation module generates the internal clock signal and enters the selector, and then through the differential phase encoder, the signal input to the differential phase encoder is converted into the previous symbol A logical signal represented by the relationship between the two orthogonal signals and the two orthogonal signals of the current symbol;
（1c）差分相位编码后的逻辑信号通过AD9834驱动器后产生需要的信号，然后通过基于AD9834的DDS模块接受FPGA的控制来产生QPSK调制信号； (1c) The logic signal after differential phase encoding passes through the AD9834 driver to generate the required signal, and then receives the FPGA control through the AD9834-based DDS module to generate the QPSK modulation signal;
（1d）最后通过单端电压转换差分电流模块将QPSK调制信号转换成适合人体组织中传输的1mA的差分电流信号，通过第一贴片电极和第二贴片电极注入人体组织。 (1d) Finally, the QPSK modulation signal is converted into a 1mA differential current signal suitable for transmission in human tissue through a single-ended voltage conversion differential current module, and injected into human tissue through the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode.
进一步地，所述步骤（3）中具体包括以下步骤： Further, the step (3) specifically includes the following steps:
（2a）通过第三贴片电极和第四贴片电极检测人体上两个不同位置之间的电压获得的医疗信号依次通过信号接收模块、MC1496模拟乘法器、74LS123移相器、CD4046锁相环得到载波信号送入基于FPGA的解调模块进行解调； (2a) The medical signal obtained by detecting the voltage between two different positions on the human body through the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode passes through the signal receiving module, MC1496 analog multiplier, 74LS123 phase shifter, and CD4046 phase-locked loop in sequence The obtained carrier signal is sent to the FPGA-based demodulation module for demodulation;
（2b）由信号接收模块发出的调制数字信号同时送入基于FPGA的解调模块进行解调。 (2b) The modulated digital signal sent by the signal receiving module is simultaneously sent to the FPGA-based demodulation module for demodulation.
再进一步地，在基于FPGA的解调模块中，包括以下步骤： Further, in the FPGA-based demodulation module, the following steps are included:
（1i）通过串/并变换器将送入的载波信号和调制数字信号生成码元，然后经过抽样判决器，同时输入同步信号后获得传输的逻辑信号； (1i) Generate symbols from the input carrier signal and modulated digital signal through the serial/parallel converter, then pass through the sampling decision device, and input the synchronous signal at the same time to obtain the transmitted logic signal;
（2i）再将判别出的逻辑信号通过并/串变换器，同时输入同步信号后转换为数据输出到屏幕中显示出来。 (2i) Then pass the identified logic signal through the parallel/serial converter, and input the synchronous signal at the same time, convert it into data and output it to the screen for display.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）本发明可以在不影响人的正常生理状态下，安全，稳定的利用人体作为媒质实现信息传输，具有连接方便、低功耗、不易受外界噪声干扰、对外辐射较小等诸多优点； (1) The present invention can safely and stably use the human body as a medium to realize information transmission without affecting the normal physiological state of people, and has many advantages such as convenient connection, low power consumption, less susceptible to external noise interference, and less external radiation;
（2）本发明的发送装置与接收装置的贴片电极直接与人体接触，不需要与地面发生对地耦合，为设备的放置放宽了条件，并且功耗非常低（仅需要8uW），由于发送端与接收端直接与组织接触，不需要与地面进行对地耦合，因此适用于植入式设备的通信技术； (2) The patch electrodes of the transmitting device and the receiving device of the present invention are directly in contact with the human body, and do not need to be coupled to the ground, which relaxes the conditions for the placement of the device, and the power consumption is very low (only 8uW), due to the transmission The end and the receiving end are directly in contact with the tissue, and do not need to be ground-coupled with the ground, so it is suitable for communication technology of implantable devices;
（3）本发明利用人体作为通信导线，它可以避免复杂的连接线，随着微电子技术的发展，植入式医疗设备将会越来越微小，人体通信所需的植入式设备所占用的空间也就变得越来越小，给人体带来的创伤也变得越来越小，因此具有非常大的科学和市场前景； (3) The present invention uses the human body as a communication wire, which can avoid complicated connecting wires. With the development of microelectronics technology, implanted medical devices will become smaller and smaller, and the implanted devices required for human body communication will occupy The space becomes smaller and smaller, and the trauma to the human body becomes smaller and smaller, so it has very great scientific and market prospects;
（4）本发明发射端贴片电极发出的电流流经人体，直接与接收端贴片电极耦合，所以电流耦合抗电磁干扰能力很强，比电容耦合更加稳定，从而有利于实现高速通信，因其所需载波频率低，电压和电流均很小，通信安全，非常适合大规模推广使用。 (4) The current emitted by the patch electrode at the transmitting end of the present invention flows through the human body and is directly coupled with the patch electrode at the receiving end, so the current coupling has a strong ability to resist electromagnetic interference and is more stable than capacitive coupling, which is conducive to realizing high-speed communication. The required carrier frequency is low, the voltage and current are small, the communication is safe, and it is very suitable for large-scale promotion and use.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的系统方框图。 Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明人体上臂贴片电极详细图。 Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the human body upper arm patch electrode of the present invention.
图 3为本发明—实施例单端电压转换差分电流模块电路原理图。 Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the circuit of the single-ended voltage conversion differential current module of the embodiment of the present invention.
图 4为本发明—实施例信号接收模块电路原理图。 Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the circuit of the signal receiving module of the embodiment of the present invention.
图 5为本发明—实施例的仿真结果图。 Fig. 5 is the simulation result diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
图 6为本发明—实施例的实际测试结果图。 Fig. 6 is the actual test result figure of the present invention-embodiment.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明，本发明的实施方式包括但不限于下列实施例。 The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and the embodiments of the present invention include but not limited to the following examples.
实施例 Example
如图1—图4所示，一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统，其特征在于，包括电源模块，分别与电源模块连接的、同时安装于人体上的发射机和接收机，用于连接人体和发射机的第一贴片电极、第二贴片电极，连接人体和接收机的第三贴片电极、第四贴片电极，所述发射机包括基于FPGA的调制模块，与基于FPGA的调制模块连接的DDS模块，与DDS模块相连并用于连接第一贴片电极和第二贴片电极的单端电压转换差分电流模块，所述接收机包括通过第三贴片电极和第四贴片电极与人体组织连接的信号接收模块，顺次连接的模拟乘法器、移相器、锁相环、基于FPGA的解调模块，模拟乘法器与信号接收模块相连。 As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a real-time medical communication system based on current-coupled human body communication is characterized in that it includes a power supply module, a transmitter and a receiver that are connected to the power supply module and installed on the human body at the same time, The first patch electrode and the second patch electrode for connecting the human body and the transmitter, the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode connecting the human body and the receiver, the transmitter includes a modulation module based on FPGA, and The DDS module connected to the modulation module based on FPGA is connected to the DDS module and is used to connect the single-ended voltage conversion differential current module of the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode, and the receiver includes the third patch electrode and the second patch electrode. The signal receiving module with four patch electrodes connected to human tissue, the analog multiplier, phase shifter, phase-locked loop, FPGA-based demodulation module connected in sequence, and the analog multiplier connected with the signal receiving module.
所述基于FPGA的调制模块包括用于与外接时钟信号连接的分频器，与分频器连接的选择器，分别与选择器连接的差分相位编码器和内部时钟信号产生模块，分别与差分相位编码器连接的驱动器和用于连接人体医疗信号的串/并变换器，驱动器与DDS模块连接。所述基于FPGA的解调模块包括顺次连接的串/并变换器、抽样判决器、并/串变换器，串/并变换器与锁相环相连，并/串变换器与外部屏幕相连。 The FPGA-based modulation module includes a frequency divider connected to an external clock signal, a selector connected to the frequency divider, a differential phase encoder connected to the selector and an internal clock signal generation module, respectively connected to the differential phase The driver connected to the encoder and the serial/parallel converter used to connect the human medical signal, the driver is connected to the DDS module. The FPGA-based demodulation module includes a serial/parallel converter, a sampling decision device, and a parallel/serial converter connected in sequence, the serial/parallel converter is connected with a phase-locked loop, and the parallel/serial converter is connected with an external screen.
所述单端电压转换差分电流模块包括顺次连接的用于对输入电压调节的电压调节电路、用于将单端电压信号转换成差分电压信号的单端电压转差分电压电路、用于将差分电压信号转换成差分电流信号的电压转电流电路，电压调节电路与DDS模块相连，电压转电流电路与第一贴片电极、第二贴片电极相连。所述电压调节电路包括与DDS模块连接的电阻R1，与电阻R1连接的滑动电阻R2，滑动电阻R2的滑动端接地，连接于电阻R1和滑动电阻R2之间的运算放大器U1，所述单端电压转差分电压电路包括与运算放大器U1输出端连接的电阻R3，反相输入端与电阻R3连接的运算放大器U2，连接于运算放大器U2反相输入端和输出端之间的电阻R4，与运算放大器U2同相输入端连接的电阻R5，电阻R5的另一端接地，串联后与电阻R3并联的电阻R6和电阻R7，电阻R7的另一端接地，连接于电阻R6和电阻R7之间的运算放大器U3。 The single-ended voltage conversion differential current module includes a sequentially connected voltage regulation circuit for adjusting the input voltage, a single-ended voltage-to-differential voltage circuit for converting a single-ended voltage signal into a differential voltage signal, and a circuit for converting the differential voltage signal into a differential voltage signal. A voltage-to-current circuit for converting the voltage signal into a differential current signal, the voltage regulation circuit is connected to the DDS module, and the voltage-to-current circuit is connected to the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode. The voltage regulating circuit includes a resistor R1 connected to the DDS module, a sliding resistor R2 connected to the resistor R1, the sliding end of the sliding resistor R2 is grounded, an operational amplifier U1 connected between the resistor R1 and the sliding resistor R2, and the single-ended The voltage-to-differential voltage circuit includes a resistor R3 connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1, an operational amplifier U2 connected to the inverting input terminal of the resistor R3, a resistor R4 connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2, and the operational amplifier U2. The resistor R5 connected to the in-phase input of the amplifier U2, the other end of the resistor R5 is grounded, the resistor R6 and the resistor R7 are connected in parallel with the resistor R3 in series, the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded, and the operational amplifier U3 connected between the resistor R6 and the resistor R7 .
所述电压转电流电路包括同相输入端与运算放大器U2连接的运算放大器U4，同相输入端与运算放大器U4输出端连接的运算放大器U8，与运算放大器U8公共端连接的电容C21，电容C21的另一端与外部的第一贴片电极连接，同时与运算放大器U4反相输入端和运算放大器U8反相输入端连接的滑动电阻R11，输出端与滑动电阻R11滑动端连接的运算放大器U9，连接于运算放大器U9反相输入端和输出端之间的电容C3，与运算放大器U9反相输入端连接的电阻R12，电阻R12的另一端接地，连接于运算放大器U8输出端和运算放大器U9同相输入端之间的电阻R13，与运算放大器U9同相输入端连接的电容C4，电容C4的另一端接地，同相输入端与运算放大器U3输出端连接的运算放大器U5，与运算放大器U5输出端连接的运算放大器U6，与运算放大器U6公共端连接的电容C31，电容C31的另一端与外部的第二贴片电极连接，同时与运算放大器U5反相输入端和运算放大器U6反相输入端连接的滑动电阻R8，输出端与滑动电阻R8的滑动端连接的运算放大器U7，连接于运算放大器U7反相输入端和输出端之间的电容C1，与运算放大器U7反相输入端连接的电阻R9，连接于运算放大器U6输出端和运算放大器U7同相输入端之间的电阻R10，与运算放大器U7同相输入端连接的电容C2，电容C2的另一端接地。 The voltage-to-current circuit comprises an operational amplifier U4 connected to the operational amplifier U2 at the non-inverting input terminal, an operational amplifier U8 connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U4 at the non-inverting input terminal, a capacitor C21 connected to the common terminal of the operational amplifier U8, and another capacitor C21 One end is connected to the first patch electrode outside, and the sliding resistor R11 connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U4 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U8 at the same time, and the operational amplifier U9 whose output terminal is connected to the sliding terminal of the sliding resistor R11 is connected to Capacitor C3 between the inverting input terminal and output terminal of operational amplifier U9, resistor R12 connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9, the other end of resistor R12 is grounded, connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U8 and the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U9 The resistor R13 between them, the capacitor C4 connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U9, the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded, the operational amplifier U5 connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 at the non-inverting input terminal, and the operational amplifier connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5 U6, the capacitor C31 connected to the common terminal of the operational amplifier U6, the other end of the capacitor C31 is connected to the second external patch electrode, and the sliding resistor R8 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U5 and the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U6 , the operational amplifier U7 whose output terminal is connected to the sliding terminal of the sliding resistor R8, the capacitor C1 connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U7, and the resistor R9 connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7, connected to the operation The resistor R10 between the output terminal of the amplifier U6 and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7 is connected to the capacitor C2 connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U7, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded.
所述信号接收模块包括顺次连接的用于测量人体上两个不同位置之间的电压差的仪表放大器电路、用于抑制干扰信号的带通滤波器电路、用于为后级信号处理提供足够电压的电压调节电路，所述仪表放大器电路与第三贴片电极、第四贴片电极相连，电压调节电路分别与基于FPGA的解调模块和模拟乘法器相连。所述仪表放大器电路包括与第三贴片电极连接的电容C5，同相输入端与电容C5连接的运算放大器U10，并联后连接于运算放大器U10反相输入端和输出端之间的电容C7和电阻R15，与运算放大器U10反相输入端连接的电阻R14，顺次连接的电容C9、电阻R17和电容C11，电容C9与运算放大器U10输出端相连，并联后与电容C11并联的电阻R20和运算放大器U12，反相输入端与电阻R14连接的运算放大器U11，运算放大器U11的同相输入端通过电容C6与第四贴片电极连接，并联后连接于运算放大器U11反相输入端和输出端之间的电容C8和电阻R16，顺次连接于运算放大器U11输出端和运算放大器U12之间的电容C10和电阻R18，并联后与运算放大器U12同相输入端连接的电容C12和电阻R19，电容C12和电阻R19的另一端接地。 The signal receiving module includes an instrumentation amplifier circuit connected in sequence for measuring the voltage difference between two different positions on the human body, a band-pass filter circuit for suppressing interference signals, and a circuit for providing sufficient signal processing for subsequent stages. A voltage regulator circuit, the instrumentation amplifier circuit is connected to the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode, and the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the FPGA-based demodulation module and the analog multiplier respectively. The instrumentation amplifier circuit includes a capacitor C5 connected to the third patch electrode, an operational amplifier U10 connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the capacitor C5, and connected in parallel to a capacitor C7 and a resistor between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U10 R15, resistor R14 connected to the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U10, capacitor C9, resistor R17 and capacitor C11 connected in sequence, capacitor C9 connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U10, resistor R20 and operational amplifier connected in parallel with capacitor C11 U12, the operational amplifier U11 whose inverting input terminal is connected to the resistor R14, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U11 is connected to the fourth patch electrode through the capacitor C6, and connected in parallel to the inverting input terminal and output terminal of the operational amplifier U11 Capacitor C8 and resistor R16, capacitor C10 and resistor R18 connected in sequence between the output terminal of operational amplifier U11 and operational amplifier U12, capacitor C12 and resistor R19 connected in parallel to the same input terminal of operational amplifier U12, capacitor C12 and resistor R19 The other end of the ground.
所述带通滤波器电路包括顺次连接的电容C13、电容C14、运算放大器U13、电阻R23、电阻R24、运算放大器U14，电容C13与运算放大器U12输出端相连，一端连接于电容C13和电容C14之间，另一端与运算放大器U13反相输入端连接的电阻R21，与运算放大器U13同相输入端连接的电阻R22，电阻R22的另一端接地，一端连接于电阻R23和电阻R24之间，另一端与运算放大器U14反相输入端连接的电容C15，与运算放大器U14同相输入端连接的电容C16，电容C16的另一端接地，所述电压调节电路包括与运算放大器U14输出端连接的运算放大器U15，连接于运算放大器U15反相输入端和输出端之间的滑动电阻R26，滑动电阻R26的滑动端与运算放大器U15输出端连接，与运算放大器U15反相输入端连接的电阻R25，电阻R25的另一端接地，运算放大器U15的输出端分别与解调模块和模拟乘法器相连。 The bandpass filter circuit includes capacitor C13, capacitor C14, operational amplifier U13, resistor R23, resistor R24, operational amplifier U14 connected in sequence, capacitor C13 is connected to the output terminal of operational amplifier U12, and one end is connected to capacitor C13 and capacitor C14 Between, the other end of the resistor R21 connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U13, the resistor R22 connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U13, the other end of the resistor R22 is grounded, one end is connected between the resistor R23 and the resistor R24, and the other end A capacitor C15 connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U14, a capacitor C16 connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U14, and the other end of the capacitor C16 is grounded, and the voltage regulation circuit includes an operational amplifier U15 connected to the output of the operational amplifier U14, The sliding resistor R26 connected between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U15, the sliding terminal of the sliding resistor R26 is connected with the output terminal of the operational amplifier U15, the resistor R25 connected with the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U15, the other of the resistor R25 One end is grounded, and the output ends of the operational amplifier U15 are respectively connected to the demodulation module and the analog multiplier.
所述驱动器为AD9834，DDS模块为基于AD9834的DDS模块，模拟乘法器为MC1496，移相器为74LS123，锁相环为CD4046。 The driver is AD9834, the DDS module is a DDS module based on AD9834, the analog multiplier is MC1496, the phase shifter is 74LS123, and the phase-locked loop is CD4046.
一种基于电流耦合型人体通信的实时医疗通信系统的通信方法，包括以下步骤： A communication method of a real-time medical communication system based on current-coupled human body communication, comprising the following steps:
（1）将采集到的人体医疗信号通过发射机转换成适合人体组织传输的差分电流信号，通过导线传送给贴片电极； (1) Convert the collected human medical signal into a differential current signal suitable for human tissue transmission through the transmitter, and transmit it to the patch electrode through the wire;
（2）连接发射机的贴片电极将发射机送出的差分电流信号注入人体组织，连接接收机的贴片电极采集人体组织中的电压信号传送给接收机； (2) The patch electrode connected to the transmitter injects the differential current signal sent by the transmitter into the human tissue, and the patch electrode connected to the receiver collects the voltage signal in the human tissue and transmits it to the receiver;
（3）接收机通过贴片电极检测人体上两个不同位置之间的电压获得医疗信号，并显示在屏幕上。 (3) The receiver detects the voltage between two different positions on the human body through patch electrodes to obtain medical signals and displays them on the screen.
所述步骤（1）中具体包括以下步骤： The step (1) specifically includes the following steps:
（1a）采集到的人体医疗信号通过串/并变换器将串行输入的人体医疗信号转换成并行数据，然后送入差分相位编码器； (1a) The collected human medical signal is converted into parallel data by serial/parallel converter, and then sent to the differential phase encoder;
（1b）外接时钟信号通过分频器进入选择器，同时内部时钟信号产生模块产生内部时钟信号进入选择器，然后通过差分相位编码器，将输入差分相位编码器的信号转换为用前一码元两个正交信号与当前码元两个正交信号之间的关系表示的逻辑信号； (1b) The external clock signal enters the selector through the frequency divider, and at the same time, the internal clock signal generation module generates the internal clock signal and enters the selector, and then through the differential phase encoder, the signal input to the differential phase encoder is converted into the previous symbol A logical signal represented by the relationship between the two orthogonal signals and the two orthogonal signals of the current symbol;
（1c）差分相位编码后的逻辑信号通过AD9834驱动器后产生需要的信号，然后通过基于AD9834的DDS模块接受FPGA的控制来产生QPSK调制信号； (1c) The logic signal after differential phase encoding passes through the AD9834 driver to generate the required signal, and then receives the FPGA control through the AD9834-based DDS module to generate the QPSK modulation signal;
（1d）最后通过单端电压转换差分电流模块将QPSK调制信号转换成适合人体组织中传输的1mA的差分电流信号，通过第一贴片电极和第二贴片电极注入人体组织。 (1d) Finally, the QPSK modulation signal is converted into a 1mA differential current signal suitable for transmission in human tissue through a single-ended voltage conversion differential current module, and injected into human tissue through the first patch electrode and the second patch electrode.
单端电压转换差分电流模块，其实现主要有三部分组成：电压调节电路，通过调节R2实现对输入电压的调节，然后通过运算放大器U1构成跟随器输出；单端电压转差分电压电路，单端电压信号送入后分两路，一路由运算放大器U3的正相输入，一路由运算放大器U2的反相输入，最后在运算放大器U2和运算放大器U3的输出端得到差分电压信号；电压转电流电路，该电路选用电流反馈型运算放大器U6和运算放大器U8，作为主要元件。 The single-ended voltage conversion differential current module is mainly composed of three parts: the voltage regulation circuit, which adjusts the input voltage by adjusting R2, and then forms the follower output through the operational amplifier U1; the single-ended voltage to differential voltage circuit, and the single-ended voltage After the signal is sent, it is divided into two routes, one is routed to the positive phase input of the operational amplifier U3, the other is routed to the inverting input of the operational amplifier U2, and finally the differential voltage signal is obtained at the output terminals of the operational amplifier U2 and operational amplifier U3; the voltage-to-current circuit, The circuit uses current feedback operational amplifier U6 and operational amplifier U8 as the main components.
所述步骤（3）中具体包括以下步骤： The step (3) specifically includes the following steps:
（2a）通过第三贴片电极和第四贴片电极检测人体上两个不同位置之间的电压获得的医疗信号依次通过信号接收模块、MC1496模拟乘法器、74LS123移相器、CD4046锁相环得到载波信号送入基于FPGA的解调模块进行解调； (2a) The medical signal obtained by detecting the voltage between two different positions on the human body through the third patch electrode and the fourth patch electrode passes through the signal receiving module, MC1496 analog multiplier, 74LS123 phase shifter, and CD4046 phase-locked loop in sequence The obtained carrier signal is sent to the FPGA-based demodulation module for demodulation;
（2b）由信号接收模块发出的调制数字信号同时送入基于FPGA的解调模块进行解调。 (2b) The modulated digital signal sent by the signal receiving module is simultaneously sent to the FPGA-based demodulation module for demodulation.
信号接收模块，该模块的作用是处理贴片电极检测到的信号，使得该信号可以被解调模块很好的识别，其实现主要有三部分组成：仪表放大器电路，对两电极之间的电压做差同时将该信号放大，为后级处理提供增益；带通滤波器电路，选1kHz-1MHz频带内的信号作为下一级处理的信号；电压调节电路，由于信号通过滤波器后有衰减，通过该模块将被滤波器衰减后的信号调节到适合后级处理的电压。 Signal receiving module, the function of this module is to process the signal detected by the patch electrode, so that the signal can be well recognized by the demodulation module, and its realization mainly consists of three parts: the instrument amplifier circuit, which controls the voltage between two electrodes At the same time, the signal is amplified to provide gain for the post-processing; the band-pass filter circuit selects the signal in the 1kHz-1MHz frequency band as the signal for the next stage of processing; the voltage adjustment circuit, because the signal is attenuated after passing through the filter, passes through This module adjusts the signal attenuated by the filter to a voltage suitable for post-processing.
在基于FPGA的解调模块中，包括以下步骤： In the FPGA-based demodulation module, the following steps are included:
（1i）通过串/并变换器将送入的载波信号和调制数字信号生成码元，然后经过抽样判决器，同时输入同步信号后获得传输的逻辑信号； (1i) Generate symbols from the input carrier signal and modulated digital signal through the serial/parallel converter, then pass through the sampling decision device, and input the synchronous signal at the same time to obtain the transmitted logic signal;
（2i）再将判别出的逻辑信号通过并/串变换器，同时输入同步信号后转换为数据输出到屏幕中显示出来。 (2i) Then pass the identified logic signal through the parallel/serial converter, and input the synchronous signal at the same time, convert it into data and output it to the screen for display.
通过使用Quartus ii9.0与Modelsim6.4a连调，以及Multisim11.0仿真，得到如5所示结果，波形1，波形2分别是发射机贴片电极检测波形，波形3则是由示波器内部算法实现波形1-波形2后得到的波形，波形4是由接收机输出的波形。 By using Quartus ii9.0 and Modelsim6.4a, and Multisim11.0 simulation, the results shown in 5 are obtained. Waveform 1 and Waveform 2 are the detection waveforms of the transmitter patch electrodes, and Waveform 3 is realized by the internal algorithm of the oscilloscope. Waveform 1 - the waveform obtained after waveform 2, and waveform 4 is the waveform output by the receiver.
通过实际制作电路板，并实际测试人体通信的结果如图6所示结果，波形2是发射机中从QPSK调制模块输入单端电压转差分电流模块时的波形，波形1则是由接收机输出的波形。 The result of actually making the circuit board and actually testing the human body communication is shown in Figure 6. Waveform 2 is the waveform when the QPSK modulation module is input to the single-ended voltage to differential current module in the transmitter, and waveform 1 is output by the receiver. waveform.
按照上述实施例，便可很好地实现本发明。 According to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can be well realized.
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