CN114726395B - Wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on adjustable frequency source and working method thereof - Google Patents
Wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on adjustable frequency source and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114726395B CN114726395B CN202210200082.9A CN202210200082A CN114726395B CN 114726395 B CN114726395 B CN 114726395B CN 202210200082 A CN202210200082 A CN 202210200082A CN 114726395 B CN114726395 B CN 114726395B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
- H04L27/12—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on an adjustable frequency source, which comprises an adjustable frequency source, a power amplifying circuit, a power distributor, a rectifying circuit, a filtering circuit, an information demodulating circuit and a load, wherein the adjustable frequency source is connected with the power amplifying circuit, the power amplifying circuit transmits signals and energy to a receiving antenna in the form of electromagnetic waves through a transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna receives the signals and the energy transmitted by a transmitting end, the receiving antenna is connected with the power distributor, the power distributor is respectively connected with the rectifying circuit and the information demodulating circuit, the rectifying circuit is connected with the filtering circuit, and the filtering circuit is connected with the load. The invention adopts microwave type wireless communication energy transmission, and does not adopt a switch to switch signals, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of strong flexibility, less system loss, prolonged service life, strong anti-interference performance, strong use value and wide popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless, in particular to a wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on an adjustable frequency source and a working method thereof.
Background
The traditional electric energy transmission depends on wire transmission, namely wired energy transmission, and is the most widely used electric energy transmission form at present. However, as technology advances and the living standard of human beings increases, the shortages of wired power transmission become more and more non-negligible: the use of a large number of wires makes human life disorderly; factors such as frequent plugging of a power socket, easy abrasion of a lead material and the like bring many potential safety hazards; the use of wires places limitations on the application of electrical energy, etc. Therefore, wireless energy transfer has been greatly developed in recent years.
However, in many applications, not only wireless transmission of energy but also wireless transmission of information, i.e. synchronous transmission of wireless energy and information, is required. For example, in the fields of smart ammunition, human body implantable devices, sensor networks, RFID, mobile devices, and the like, a transmitter needs to transmit energy and also needs to perform bidirectional data transmission with a receiver, for example, the transmitter sends a control command to the receiver, and the receiver reversely transmits information such as sensor data, a user ID, a charging state, a number of users, and reception power to the transmitter. Therefore, it is necessary to research the technology of synchronous transmission of wireless energy and information.
The existing wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission methods mainly comprise two types, one is signal and energy channel transmission, and the other is signal and energy channel transmission.
(1) Signal and energy subchannel transmission
The signal and energy channel transmission adopts two different sets of coils and driving circuits to perform independent energy transmission and signal transmission respectively, as shown in fig. 1.
The information and energy co-transmission mode can carry out transmission through respective channels, has the advantages of high efficiency, high speed and the like, but because two groups of coupling coils are too close to each other in the same equipment, mutual interference can be caused, and especially, the transmission of high-power energy easily causes great interference to the signal transmission, thereby influencing the transmission characteristic of the system.
(2) Signal and energy co-channel transmission
Signal and energy transmission in the same channel is generally divided into three types: amplitude modulation information and energy simultaneous transmission, frequency modulation information and energy simultaneous transmission, direct frequency modulation information and energy simultaneous transmission and signal reverse information and energy simultaneous transmission.
a. Signal-energy simultaneous transmission based on amplitude modulation
The synchronous transmission mode is characterized in that a switch tube is added into a main circuit, the input of a power supply is controlled by the on and off of the switch tube, the amplitude of electric energy transmission is changed, and therefore the amplitude of the electric energy received by an output end has the characteristics of digital signals '1' and '0'. The receiving end demodulates the signal of the transmitting end according to the variation of the electric energy.
b. Signal and energy simultaneous transmission based on frequency modulation
The frequency modulation-based simultaneous transmission technology for the information and the energy is characterized in that the frequency of a pulse signal generated by a signal generator in an inverter circuit is controlled through a soft switching technology, in an experiment, two pulse signals with different frequencies are usually arranged on a switching tube of the inverter circuit and respectively represent a digital signal '0' and a digital signal '1', a voltage waveform presenting a 010101 characteristic is obtained on a load at a receiving end of a system, namely the simultaneous transmission of the information and the energy is finished, and the circuit structure of the system is shown in fig. 2.
c. Direct frequency modulation modulated information and energy simultaneous transmission
The method is characterized in that a group of signal sending coils and a group of signal receiving coils are added on the premise of not changing the structure of the inductive power transmission system, the two groups of coupling coils are similar to a coupling transformer, high-frequency signals are directly loaded into a power transmitting circuit by using the signal sending coils, then the signal receiving coils pick up the signals from a power receiving loop, and forward signals are obtained through a demodulation circuit. The circuit structure is shown in fig. 3.
d. Reverse transmission of signals
The signal reverse transmission is that two capacitors, one is resonance capacitor and the other is detuning capacitor, are added to the receiving end, the compensation structure is changed by gating the two capacitors, the electric energy received by the receiving loop is influenced, so that the electric energy has the characteristics of digital signals, and then the signals are acquired and demodulated.
The signal and energy simultaneous transmission technology based on amplitude modulation can accurately transmit signals to a receiving end by controlling the on-off of a coding switch, and has the advantages of clear 0 and 1 signal transmission limits, small influence of electric energy transmission on signal transmission and the like, but the invention has the biggest defects that the electric energy transmission stability is obviously reduced, harmonic interference is easily generated at the moment of opening and closing the switch, the load power is seriously reduced during the opening period, and the transmission performance is further influenced; the modulation is carried out by changing the frequency characteristic of the signal based on the frequency modulation signal-energy simultaneous transmission technology, so that sudden interruption and restart of energy transmission cannot occur compared with amplitude modulation, but the electric energy transmission efficiency can still be reduced, and the signal transmission rate can be influenced by the system modulation time delay; the simultaneous transmission of the signal and the energy of direct frequency modulation is limited to the volume of equipment, is not suitable for equipment with narrow space, and causes great interference to signal coupling in the transmission process of electric energy transmission; the signal reverse transmission technology is easy to cause the resonance state of the system to shift, and when the transmission power of the system is larger, stronger electromagnetic interference is caused, and the surrounding environment is influenced.
It can be seen that although the above several methods can achieve synchronous wireless transmission of signals and energy, each method has advantages and disadvantages, and therefore, it is necessary to design a simultaneous signal and energy transmission system that can overcome power supply discontinuity and avoid system offset frequency. In addition, the above several methods all adopt magnetic coupling type wireless transmission, and although the method has high transmission efficiency and good penetrability, the transmission power is low, and the method is not suitable for long-distance transmission. The present invention has been devised in view of the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on an adjustable frequency source and a working method thereof, so as to solve the practical technical problems that the existing system is low in transmission power and is not suitable for long-distance transmission.
The technical invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on an adjustable frequency source comprises the adjustable frequency source, a power amplification circuit, a power divider, a rectification circuit, a filter circuit, an information demodulation circuit and a load, wherein the adjustable frequency source is connected with the power amplification circuit, the power amplification circuit transmits signals and energy to a receiving antenna in an electromagnetic wave mode through a transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna receives the signals and the energy transmitted by a transmitting end, the receiving antenna is connected with the power divider, the power divider is respectively connected with the rectification circuit and the information demodulation circuit, the rectification circuit is connected with the filter circuit, and the filter circuit is connected with the load.
Furthermore, the adjustable frequency source is an adjustable microwave frequency source, and can control the duration of different frequencies to realize 2FSK modulation.
Further, the power amplifying circuit includes a transistor.
Further, the power divider is a power divider or a coupler.
Furthermore, the rectifying circuit is composed of rectifying diodes.
Furthermore, the filter circuit can remove fundamental frequency components and higher harmonic components.
Furthermore, the information demodulation circuit can realize the restoration of the signal at the transmitting end to obtain the required digital information.
The invention also provides a working method of the wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the adjustable frequency source, which comprises the following steps:
(1) A transmitting end:
1) A crystal oscillator generates a reference signal s1 with frequency f 1;
2) The signal s1 is divided into two paths of signals s2 and s3 through a power divider, the frequencies of s2 and s3 are both f1, the power is divided into two parts according to a certain proportion, wherein the signal s2 is used as a reference source of a frequency multiplication link, and the signal s3 is used as a reference source of a phase-locked loop or a DDS;
3) Amplifying the power of the signal s2 by an amplifier, then obtaining a signal s4 with the frequency f2 by a frequency multiplier, filtering interference signals such as higher harmonics, intermodulation signals and the like generated by the frequency multiplier by the signal s4 through a filter, and obtaining a signal s5 with the frequency f 2;
4) Inputting a signal s3 into a phase-locked loop or a DDS, controlling the phase-locked loop or the DDS by using an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or a singlechip to generate a signal s6 with adjustable frequency and adjustable frequency duration, wherein the frequency of any adjustable signal s6 is assumed to be f3;
5) The signal s5 is sent to a mixer after being amplified by the amplifier, and is mixed with the signal s6 to generate a signal s7 with the frequency of f3+ f 2;
6) The signal s7 is filtered by a filter to remove some spurious signals generated by the mixer, and then a signal s8 with the frequency of f3+ f2 is output;
7) Amplifying the power of the signal s8 by a power amplifier to obtain a signal s9 with the output frequency of f3+ f2, and transmitting the signal by an antenna;
(2) Receiving end:
1) After receiving a signal s9, an antenna divides the signal into two paths of signals s10 and s11 through a power divider;
2) s10, inputting the alternating current power into a rectifying circuit, converting the received alternating current power into direct current, filtering out fundamental frequency components and higher harmonic components through a filter, and then transmitting the direct current to a load;
3) s11 is input to the information demodulation circuit, and the corresponding information can be demodulated.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the microwave wireless communication energy transmission is adopted, and a switch is not adopted for switching signals, so that compared with the prior art, the microwave wireless communication energy transmission system has the advantages of strong flexibility, less system loss, long service life and strong anti-interference performance, and the remarkable progress of the technology is highlighted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of energy and signal subchannel transmission;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a simultaneous transmission system based on frequency modulation;
FIG. 3 is a direct modulation message and energy simultaneous transmission system;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of a 2FSK signal;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a wireless communication and energy simultaneous transmission system based on an adjustable frequency source;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an information demodulation circuit;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an adjustable frequency source.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. Principle of the invention
The invention uses 2FSK modulation, which is a frequency modulation method, and transmits digital information (baseband signal) by using the frequency of carrier wave, i.e. the frequency of carrier wave is controlled by using the transmitted digital information. The carrier frequency f2 is represented by the symbol "0", and the carrier frequency f1 is represented by the symbol "1" (f 1 and f2 are different frequencies). When the system transmits a signal '0', a carrier wave with the frequency f2 is sent; when signal "1" is transmitted, a carrier wave having frequency f1 is transmitted. A graph of a 2FSK waveform is shown in fig. 4.
The invention utilizes FPGA or singlechip software programming to control a phase-locked loop or DDS to keep different frequencies for different time (2 FSK signal), and supposing that a symbol '1' represents the frequency f1, a symbol '0' represents the frequency f2, and the duration of one symbol is t1 (can be regarded as 100us in figure 4). Then the tunable frequency source outputs the frequency f1 with a hold time of 2t1, and then outputs the frequency f2 with a hold time of t1, which represents that the baseband signal (i.e. the digital information) is 110.
The invention utilizes an adjustable frequency source to output 2FSK signals, a receiving end receives the signals and divides the signal power into two parts, and one part can obtain information (namely baseband signals) transmitted by a transmitting end through a demodulation circuit.
2. Description of the modules of the system
The wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the adjustable frequency source, as shown in fig. 5, comprises the following parts, and the description of each part is as follows:
(1) Adjustable frequency source: the module can realize the output of any frequency for an adjustable microwave frequency source, and can control the duration of different frequencies to realize 2FSK modulation.
(2) A power amplification circuit: the amplifier for realizing signal power mainly comprises transistors.
(3) A power divider: the frequency of the signal can be kept unchanged, the power can be distributed according to a certain proportion, the power distribution is generally realized by a power divider or a coupler, and the power divider and the coupler are generally designed by using microstrip lines.
(4) A rectifier circuit: the circuit for converting the received ac power to dc power generally consists of a rectifier diode.
(5) A filter circuit: the rectifier circuit is realized by a rectifier diode, the nonlinear characteristic of the diode can generate higher harmonic components, so that the direct current voltage ripple component at the load end is very large, and the filter circuit is used for removing fundamental frequency components and higher harmonic components.
(6) An information demodulation circuit: and restoring the signal of the transmitting end to obtain the required digital information.
An information demodulation circuit:
operation principle as shown in fig. 6, the frequency of the signal s9 entering the information demodulation circuit is f3+ f2, and since the frequency f3 is adjustable, the frequency of the signal entering the information demodulation circuit is variable. Assuming that two signals with different frequencies are f4 and f5, when a signal with the frequency of f4 is input into the circuit, the f4 LC parallel resonance circuit resonates, the f5 LC parallel resonance circuit does not resonate, the voltage of the resonant circuit is greater than that of the non-resonant circuit, and at the moment, the voltage comparator outputs a high level of 1; similarly, when a signal with the frequency f5 is input, a low level "0" is output, that is, the demodulation of the 2FSK signal is completed.
As shown in fig. 6, the description of each module is as follows:
(1) f4 LC parallel resonant circuit: the resonant circuit is composed of an inductor and a capacitor, the resonant frequency is f4, and signals with the frequency of f4 can pass through smoothly.
(2) f5 LC parallel resonant circuit: and f4 LC parallel resonance circuit.
(3) A voltage comparator: the comparator is used for comparing the magnitude of two input voltages and consists of an operational amplifier. When the voltage at the + input terminal is higher than the-input terminal, the output of the voltage comparator is at a high level, which can be represented as a digital "1"; when the voltage at the "+" input is lower than the "-" input, the voltage comparator output is low, which may be represented as "0".
3. Detailed description of the working method of the system of the invention
The operation of the whole system is explained with reference to fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 7:
(1) A transmitting end:
1) A crystal oscillator generates a reference signal s1 with frequency f 1;
2) The signal s1 is divided into two paths of signals s2 and s3 through a power divider, the frequencies of s2 and s3 are both f1, the power is divided into two parts according to a certain proportion, wherein the signal s2 is used as a reference source of a frequency multiplication link, and the signal s3 is used as a reference source of a phase-locked loop or a DDS;
3) Amplifying the power of the signal s2 by an amplifier, then obtaining a signal s4 with the frequency f2 by a frequency multiplier, filtering interference signals such as higher harmonics, intermodulation signals and the like generated by the frequency multiplier by the signal s4 through a filter, and obtaining a signal s5 with the frequency f 2;
4) Inputting a signal s3 into a phase-locked loop or a DDS, controlling the phase-locked loop or the DDS by using an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or a singlechip to generate a signal s6 with adjustable frequency and adjustable frequency duration, wherein the frequency of any adjustable signal s6 is assumed to be f3;
5) The signal s5 is sent to a mixer after power amplification of an amplifier, and is mixed with the signal s6 to generate a signal s7 with the frequency of f3+ f 2;
6) After filtering some spurious signals generated by the mixer by the filter, the signal s7 outputs a signal s8 with the frequency of f3+ f 2;
7) Amplifying the power of the signal s8 through a power amplifier to obtain a signal s9 with the output frequency of f3+ f2, and transmitting the signal through an antenna;
(2) Receiving end:
1) After receiving a signal s9, an antenna divides the signal into two paths of signals s10 and s11 through a power divider;
2) s10, inputting the alternating current power into a rectifying circuit, converting the received alternating current power into direct current, filtering out fundamental frequency components and higher harmonic components through a filter, and then transmitting the direct current to a load;
3) s11 is input to the information demodulation circuit, and the corresponding information can be demodulated.
The system of the invention adopts microwave type wireless information energy transmission, and does not adopt a switch to switch signals, compared with the prior art, the system has the following technical advantages:
(1) The flexibility is strong, and different signals can be transmitted only by changing codes of the FPGA or the DDS without switching a switch;
(2) The microwave transmission can be used for realizing the transmission of signals in medium and long distances;
(3) The loss of a system is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The prior art utilizes switch switching, has high performance required for the switch, needs the switch to be switched continuously if continuous signals are transmitted, has high performance required for the switch, is easy to generate switch loss, and has no problems when the invention directly utilizes software for control;
(4) The anti-interference performance is strong. 2FSK modulation is used for transmitting signals without depending on amplitude, so even if an interference source with the same frequency disturbs the amplitude of an electric wave, noise is not formed on the 2FSK signal.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The working method of the wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the adjustable frequency source is characterized in that the wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the adjustable frequency source comprises an adjustable frequency source, a power amplification circuit, a power divider, a rectification circuit, a filter circuit, an information demodulation circuit and a load, wherein the adjustable frequency source is connected with the power amplification circuit, the power amplification circuit transmits signals and energy to a receiving antenna in an electromagnetic wave form through a transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna receives the signals and the energy transmitted by a transmitting end, the receiving antenna is connected with the power divider, the power divider is respectively connected with the rectification circuit and the information demodulation circuit, the rectification circuit is connected with the filter circuit, and the filter circuit is connected with the load;
the working method of the wireless information and energy simultaneous transmission system based on the adjustable frequency source comprises the following steps:
(1) A transmitting end:
1) A crystal oscillator generates a reference signal s1 with frequency f 1;
2) A signal s1 is divided into two paths of signals s2 and s3 by a power divider, the frequencies of s2 and s3 are both f1, and the power is divided into two parts according to a certain proportion, wherein the signal s2 is used as a reference source of a frequency multiplication link, and the signal s3 is used as a reference source of a phase-locked loop or a DDS;
3) Amplifying the power of the signal s2 by an amplifier, then obtaining a signal s4 with the frequency f2 by a frequency multiplier, filtering out interference signals such as higher harmonics, intermodulation signals and the like generated by the frequency multiplier by the signal s4 through a filter, and obtaining a signal s5 with the frequency f 2;
4) Inputting a signal s3 into a phase-locked loop or a DDS, controlling the phase-locked loop or the DDS by using an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or a singlechip to generate a signal s6 with adjustable frequency and adjustable frequency duration, wherein the frequency of any adjustable signal s6 is assumed to be f3;
5) The signal s5 is sent to a mixer after being amplified by the amplifier, and is mixed with the signal s6 to generate a signal s7 with the frequency of f3+ f 2;
6) The signal s7 is filtered by a filter to remove some spurious signals generated by the mixer, and then a signal s8 with the frequency of f3+ f2 is output;
7) Amplifying the power of the signal s8 through a power amplifier to obtain a signal s9 with the output frequency of f3+ f2, and transmitting the signal through an antenna;
(2) Receiving end:
1) After receiving a signal s9, an antenna divides the signal into two paths of signals s10 and s11 through a power divider;
2) s10, inputting the alternating current power into a rectifying circuit, converting the received alternating current power into direct current, filtering out fundamental frequency components and higher harmonic components through a filter, and then transmitting the direct current to a load;
3) s11 is input to the information demodulation circuit, and the corresponding information can be demodulated.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjustable frequency source is capable of controlling the duration of different frequencies to achieve 2FSK modulation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the power amplifier circuit comprises a transistor.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the power divider is a power divider or a coupler.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rectifying circuit comprises a rectifying diode.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtering circuit is capable of removing fundamental frequency components and higher harmonic components.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the information demodulation circuit is capable of recovering the signal at the transmitting end to obtain the required digital information.
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