CN114665258B - Positioning antenna for resisting multipath interference - Google Patents
Positioning antenna for resisting multipath interference Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114665258B CN114665258B CN202210355467.2A CN202210355467A CN114665258B CN 114665258 B CN114665258 B CN 114665258B CN 202210355467 A CN202210355467 A CN 202210355467A CN 114665258 B CN114665258 B CN 114665258B
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- antenna
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- metal layer
- width
- positioning antenna
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/526—Electromagnetic shields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses an anti-multipath interference positioning antenna which comprises a GNSS antenna, a choke structure, a low-noise amplifier and a shielding box which are connected in sequence; the choke structure comprises an annular substrate and metal layers covering two surfaces and a central side surface of the substrate; the width of the metal layer along the radial direction is 0.25λ, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the electromagnetic wave center frequency received by the GNSS antenna. This anti multipath interference's locating antenna will choke the structure level setting, through establishing printed metal layer at the base plate, form side open-ended metallic tank, can restrain the interference of the multipath signal behind the reflection/the refraction of GNSS antenna dead back/side rear, can greatly reduced this locating antenna's thickness, conveniently installs it in narrow and small space. For a positioning antenna with multi-frequency signal receiving capability, a plurality of choke structures can be arranged along the thickness direction and/or the width direction, so that reflection/refraction signals in each frequency band can be restrained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference.
Background
At present, more and more automobiles have automatic driving or auxiliary driving functions, a navigation positioning system is used as a part of the automatic driving system, and high-precision positioning antennas are greatly required, and the high-precision positioning generally uses carrier phase differential positioning technology, and has higher requirements on multipath interference resistant signals of the antennas. The common practice is to use choke coil (Chock Ring) technology to make a group of concentric metal slots with the size of 1/4 wavelength depth of the working frequency band of the antenna around the navigation positioning antenna, and to cancel the multipath (reflection refraction) signals of the same satellite through opposite phase. The thickness of the positioning antenna provided with the choke coil in the vertical direction is larger than 1/4 wavelength of a working frequency band, the external dimension is larger, the positioning antenna is applied to an automobile to influence the external design of the automobile and occupy larger equipment space of the automobile, and in addition, the weight of the antenna is large, the material cost is high, and the processing difficulty is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and aims to provide the positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference, which has smaller volume and is convenient to process and manufacture.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference, comprising a GNSS antenna, a choke structure, a low noise amplifier and a shielding box connected in sequence; the choke structure comprises an annular substrate and metal layers covering two surfaces and a central side surface of the substrate; the width of the metal layer along the radial direction is 0.25λ, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the electromagnetic wave center frequency received by the GNSS antenna.
Preferably, n adjacent choke structures are arranged along the thickness direction and are used for suppressing interference signals of electromagnetic waves of n frequency bands, wherein the width of a metal layer in the i-th choke structure along the radial direction is 0.25λ i,λi, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the electromagnetic waves of the i-th frequency band is n, and n is a natural number greater than 1, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n.
Preferably, m concentric choke structures are arranged along the width direction and are used for suppressing interference signals of electromagnetic waves of m frequency bands, wherein the width of a metal layer in the j-th choke structure along the radial direction is 0.25λ j,λj, the width is a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the electromagnetic waves of the j-th frequency band, m is a natural number larger than 1, and j is not smaller than 1 and not larger than m.
Preferably, the choke structure is a printed circuit board, and the metal layer is printed on two surfaces and a central side surface of the substrate.
Preferably, the low noise amplifier is a printed circuit board structure, and a signal amplifying circuit is printed on the surface of the low noise amplifier.
Preferably, the substrate is made of FR4 or F4B or ceramic.
According to the above description and practice, the choke structure of the positioning antenna is horizontally arranged, and the metal slot with an opening at the side is formed by arranging the printed metal layer on the substrate, so that the interference of the reflected/refracted multipath signals at the right rear/side rear of the GNSS antenna can be restrained, and meanwhile, the thickness of the positioning antenna can be greatly reduced due to the adoption of the horizontal plate structure, so that the positioning antenna is convenient to install in a narrow space. For the positioning antenna with the multi-frequency signal receiving capability, a plurality of choke structures can be arranged along the thickness direction and/or the width direction, so that reflection/refraction signals in each frequency band can be restrained, the signals received by the GNSS antenna and formed by superposition of direct and reflection/refraction waves have small amplitude and phase changes, and multipath error is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a multipath interference resistant positioning antenna in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multipath interference resistant positioning antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a multipath interference resistant positioning antenna in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a multipath interference resistant positioning antenna in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are:
1. GNSS antenna 2, choke structure 3, and low noise amplifier
4. Shield case 5, substrate 6, metal layer
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. In the present disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "disposed in" and "having" are intended to be open-ended and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. in addition to the listed elements/components/etc.; the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely as labels, and do not limit the number or order of their objects; the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not denote or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In this embodiment, a positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference is disclosed, fig. 1 shows an exploded structure of the positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference, and fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure of the positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the positioning antenna for resisting multipath interference comprises a GNSS antenna 1, a choke structure 2, a low noise amplifier 3 and a shielding box 4, which are connected in sequence, and the four are fixedly connected to form the antenna. The GNSS antenna 1 is configured to receive satellite signals, amplify the signals by the low noise amplifier 3, and then transmit the signals to the signal processing system. The shielding case 4 is used for shielding interference signals, especially mutual interference signals between the GNSS antenna 1, the choke structure 2 and the low noise amplifier 3 in the use environment. The choke structure 2 is used to suppress reflected or refracted multipath signals from the same satellite directly behind and laterally behind the GNSS antenna 1. Specifically, some of the signals emitted by the satellites are directly radiated to the surface of the GNSS antenna 1, and then received and processed by the GNSS antenna 1, and some of the signals are reflected by metal behind the GNSS antenna 1 or refracted by metal on the side of the GNSS antenna 1 and then radiated to the GNSS antenna 1 again, so as to interfere with the signals received by the GNSS antenna 1, and the choke structure 2 is used to suppress the interference signals.
The choke structure 2 includes an annular substrate 5 and metal layers 6 covering both surfaces and a center side surface of the substrate 5, wherein the width of the metal layers 6 in the radial direction is 0.25λ, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of an electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1. The frequency of the received electromagnetic wave may be a fixed value, a certain frequency band, or a plurality of fixed values/frequency bands when the GNSS antenna 1 is in operation. When the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 is a fixed frequency, lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the fixed frequency; when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 is within a frequency band, lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the center frequency of the frequency band; when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 is in a plurality of fixed frequency/frequency band ranges, a plurality of choke structures 2 are required to respectively suppress the interference signals of the electromagnetic wave in the corresponding frequency/frequency band, and accordingly, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the center frequency of each frequency or frequency band.
The metal layers 6 on the two surfaces and the central side of the substrate 5 may form a metal groove with an opening facing the periphery, so as to divide the reflected/refracted multipath signal directly behind/laterally behind the GNSS antenna 1 into two components with equal amplitude: the paths of the primary wave and the secondary wave pass through a metal groove with the length of 0.25 lambda, and are more than 0.5 lambda (namely 180 DEG phase-change) than the primary wave, and the primary wave and the secondary wave are reversed at the notch of the metal groove and can be mutually offset after being overlapped, so that the interference of multipath signals after reflection/refraction at the right rear side/the side rear side of the GNSS antenna 1 is eliminated.
Taking the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 as a fixed frequency, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the frequency is λ 0, at this time, the radial width of the metal layers 6 on the two surfaces of the substrate 5 is 0.25λ 0, in the use process, the electromagnetic wave directly incident on the GNSS antenna 1 can be received and processed, and the reflected/refracted multipath electromagnetic wave from the right rear/side rear of the GNSS antenna 1 is divided into two components with equal amplitude: the paths of the primary wave and the secondary wave pass through a metal groove with the length of 0.25 lambda 0, and are more than 0.5 lambda 0 (namely phase-change 180 degrees) than the primary wave, and the primary wave and the secondary wave are reversed in the notch of the metal groove and can be mutually offset after being overlapped, so that the interference of multipath signals after reflection/refraction at the right rear/side rear of the GNSS antenna 1 is eliminated.
Accordingly, when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 is within a single frequency band, λ may be the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the center frequency of the frequency band when the widths of the metal layers 6 on the two surfaces of the substrate 5 in the radial direction are calculated. At this time, in the frequency band range, the reflected/refracted multipath signals right behind/at the side of the GNSS antenna 1 can be offset to the greatest extent, so that the GNSS antenna 1 is in an optimal operating state.
The choke structure 2 may be a printed circuit board, for example, a metal layer 6 is printed on both surfaces and a center side of the substrate 5. The printed circuit board is used as a mature prior art, so that the manufacturing cost of the choke structure 2 can be reduced, the thickness of the positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference can be reduced, and the positioning antenna is convenient to install in a narrow space. In addition, the low noise amplifier 3 also adopts a printed circuit board structure, and a signal amplifying circuit is printed on the surface of the low noise amplifier, so that the thickness of the positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference can be further reduced. In addition, the choke structure 2 and the substrate 5 of the low noise amplifier 3 may be made of FR4 or F4B or ceramic, which has low cost, is convenient for printed circuit, and can improve manufacturing efficiency while reducing cost.
When the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 is N fixed frequency/frequency band ranges, N choke structures 2 are required to be set at this time to respectively suppress the interference signals of the electromagnetic wave of the corresponding frequency/frequency band, and accordingly, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the center frequency of each frequency or frequency band. Taking the frequency of the electromagnetic wave received by the GNSS antenna 1 as an example of N frequency ranges, N adjacent choke structures 2 may be disposed along the thickness direction at this time to suppress the interference signal of the electromagnetic wave of N frequency ranges, where the radial width of the metal layer 6 in the i-th choke structure 2 is 0.25λ i,λi, N and N are natural numbers greater than 1, 1 is less than or equal to i, n=n, and the radial width of the metal layer 6 in the i-th choke structure 2 is 0.25λ i,λi. Or, m concentric choke structures 2 may be disposed along the width direction to suppress interference signals of electromagnetic waves in N frequency bands, where the radial width of the metal layer 6 in the jth choke structure 2 is 0.25λ j,λi, where m is a natural number greater than 1, 1 is less than or equal to j is less than or equal to m, and m=n. Alternatively, N adjacent choke structures 2 may be disposed in the thickness direction, and at the same time, m concentric choke structures 2 are disposed in the width direction to suppress interference signals of electromagnetic waves in N frequency bands, where each choke structure 2 corresponds to one frequency band, and the width of the metal layer 6 on the choke structure corresponds to one fourth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the center frequency of the frequency band, where m+n=n.
Fig. 3 and 4 show, in cross-section, a positioning antenna with two choke structures 2, respectively, for coping with the situation where the GNSS antenna 1 can receive two frequency band signals. In fig. 3, two choke structures 2 are provided along the thickness direction of the positioning antenna, and since the choke structures 2 employ a printed circuit board, the overall thickness of the positioning antenna is greatly reduced compared with that of a conventional positioning antenna. In fig. 4, two choke structures 2 are arranged along the width direction of the positioning antenna, and the choke structures 2 adopt a printed circuit board, so that the total thickness of the positioning antenna is greatly reduced compared with that of the conventional positioning antenna, and in addition, the width of the positioning antenna in the horizontal direction is not too large because the two choke structures 2 are concentric ring structures, so that the positioning antenna is convenient to install.
The above-mentioned anti-multipath interference's locating antenna, with choke structure 2 level setting, through establishing printed metal layer 6 at base plate 5, form the open-sided metallic tank, can restrain the interference of the multipath signal behind the reflection/the refraction of GNSS antenna 1 directly behind/the side rear, simultaneously owing to adopted horizontal plate structure, can greatly reduced this locating antenna's thickness, conveniently install it in narrow and small space. For a positioning antenna with multi-frequency signal receiving capability, a plurality of choke structures 2 can be further arranged along the thickness direction and/or the width direction, so that reflection/refraction signals in each frequency band can be restrained, and the GNSS antenna 1 can accurately and stably operate.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (5)
1. The positioning antenna is characterized by comprising a GNSS antenna, a choke structure, a low noise amplifier and a shielding box which are connected in sequence;
The choke structure comprises an annular substrate and metal layers covering two surfaces and a central side surface of the substrate, wherein the metal layers of the two surfaces and the central side surface of the substrate form a metal groove with an opening facing the periphery; the width of the metal layer along the radial direction is 0.25λ, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the electromagnetic wave center frequency received by the GNSS antenna; the choke structure is a printed circuit board, and the metal layers are printed on two surfaces and the central side surface of the substrate; wherein a plurality of adjacent choke structures are provided in the thickness direction and/or a plurality of concentric choke structures are provided in the width direction.
2. The multi-path interference resistant positioning antenna of claim 1,
N adjacent choke structures are arranged along the thickness direction and are used for inhibiting interference signals of electromagnetic waves of n frequency bands, wherein the width of a metal layer in the ith choke structure along the radial direction is 0.25lambda i,λi, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the electromagnetic waves of the ith frequency band is n, the n is a natural number larger than 1, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n.
3. A positioning antenna resistant to multipath interference as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that,
The electromagnetic wave suppression device comprises a metal layer, a choke structure and a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is arranged on the metal layer, the choke structure is provided with m concentric choke structures along the width direction and used for suppressing interference signals of electromagnetic waves of m frequency bands, the width of the metal layer in the j choke structure along the radial direction is 0.25λ j,λj, the width of the metal layer is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the j frequency band, m is a natural number larger than 1, and j is not smaller than 1.
4. The multi-path interference resistant positioning antenna of claim 1,
The low noise amplifier is a printed circuit board structure, and a signal amplifying circuit is printed on the surface of the low noise amplifier.
5. The multi-path interference resistant positioning antenna of claim 1,
The substrate is made of FR4 or F4B or ceramic.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202210355467.2A CN114665258B (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | Positioning antenna for resisting multipath interference |
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CN202210355467.2A CN114665258B (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | Positioning antenna for resisting multipath interference |
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CN114665258B true CN114665258B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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