CN220341497U - Structure of double-antenna airborne equipment - Google Patents
Structure of double-antenna airborne equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN220341497U CN220341497U CN202321733647.6U CN202321733647U CN220341497U CN 220341497 U CN220341497 U CN 220341497U CN 202321733647 U CN202321733647 U CN 202321733647U CN 220341497 U CN220341497 U CN 220341497U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a structure of double-antenna airborne equipment, which belongs to the technical field of radio communication, and comprises the following components: an equipment installation housing; the directional antenna array is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment installation shell; four radome interlayers arranged in the directional antenna array; the radio frequency assembly is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment installation shell; the fifth omnidirectional antenna is arranged at the upper end of the radio frequency component; the radio frequency cable is arranged in the directional antenna array, and through simulation calculation, the indexes of the two antennas of the airborne equipment arranged in the mode meet the design expectation, and meanwhile, the overall size of the airborne equipment is reduced, and the weight is lighter; because of the design mode of the antenna housing, more definite function division is brought, and when equipment fails, the problem is positioned in which of the two antennas more conveniently, so that the problem is eliminated conveniently.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of radio communication, and particularly relates to a structure of double-antenna airborne equipment.
Background
The ultra-wideband technology adopts narrow pulse transmission, has steep ascending and descending time pulses, and has high positioning accuracy and safety when being applied to wireless carrier communication. The ultra-wideband technology can be used for conveying information, transmitting confidential and important files in military communication, and positioning and tracking in the military communication; the Beidou and GPS modes can assist navigation and positioning, and if the two functions are integrated into one-machine multi-antenna equipment, the ranging and positioning precision can be improved, and communication data transmission can be performed stably.
The system with one machine and multiple antennas is adopted in domestic application, a single-antenna GNSS differential structure is adopted, an optical carrier one-machine and multiple-antenna GNSS scheme is designed, the scheme is verified to have equivalent measurement precision with the one-machine and single-antenna scheme through experiments, and meanwhile the cost of the measurement system is saved. But the mode adopts different position deployment of the same antenna, adopts a adjustment method to post-process the received static observation data, realizes smaller positioning error, and needs a large station distribution area.
The multi-antenna system is also applied to the MIMO system and the phased array radar system at present, the MIMO technology is mainly used for solving the problem of signal transmission rate, the phased array radar is mainly used for remotely detecting targets, and the scheme solves the problem of multi-antenna efficiency, but also makes the linearity of the system poor, so that the problem of signal transmission or distortion of a radiation direction diagram exists.
The existing domestic dual-antenna radar equipment provides an ultra-wideband antenna structure, wherein two receiving and transmitting antennas are positioned on the same substrate to form an antenna module, the two antennas have the same topological structure and are placed in parallel and reversely, and a column of metal columns is added in the middle of the antenna module to improve the isolation of the dual antennas; the processing cost is low, the gain and the transmitting power of the antenna are improved to a certain extent, and the method can be popularized and applied.
The prior patent (CN 202839956U) discloses a structure of a one-machine multi-antenna airborne device, which comprises a low-frequency antenna, an intermediate-frequency antenna, a high-frequency antenna, three antenna covers and fixed parts, and a shielding measure is made inside to process a layout mode. The patent can effectively reduce the wind resistance of multi-antenna equipment, is simple to manufacture, and has certain popularization significance.
However, in the ultra-wideband airborne equipment structure of the patent, the three groups of antennas are horizontally arranged, the structural size is relatively large, and the three groups of radomes are required to sequentially pass through the stainless steel tube, so that the mode is easy to be subjected to transverse windage, and the mechanical strength of the equipment is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a structure of a double-antenna airborne device, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the ultra-wideband airborne device structure of the patent is adopted, three groups of antennas are horizontally arranged, the structural size is relatively large, and three groups of antenna covers are required to sequentially pass through a stainless steel tube, so that the structure is easy to be subjected to transverse wind resistance, and the mechanical strength of the device is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:
a structure of a dual antenna on-board device, comprising:
an equipment installation housing;
the directional antenna array is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment installation shell;
four radome interlayers, which are arranged in the directional antenna array;
the radio frequency assembly is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment installation shell;
the fifth omnidirectional antenna is arranged at the upper end of the radio frequency component; and
and the radio frequency cable is arranged in the directional antenna array.
As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the present utility model comprises: the antenna comprises a first omni-directional antenna, a first mounting bottom plate and a first directional antenna, wherein the first omni-directional antenna is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first mounting bottom plate, and one side end of the first mounting bottom plate is provided with the first directional antenna.
As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the present utility model comprises: the antenna comprises a second omni-directional antenna, a second mounting bottom plate and a second directional antenna, wherein the second omni-directional antenna is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second mounting bottom plate, and the second directional antenna is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second mounting bottom plate.
As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the present utility model comprises: the antenna comprises a third directional antenna, a third omni-directional antenna and a third mounting bottom plate, wherein the third omni-directional antenna is fixedly connected to the upper end of the third mounting bottom plate, and the third directional antenna is arranged at the upper end of the third omni-directional antenna.
As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the present utility model comprises: fourth directional antenna, directional antenna connecting cable, radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer, radome lower part PMI intermediate layer and radome mounting plate, radome lower part PMI intermediate layer fixed connection is in radome mounting plate's upper end, radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer fixed connection is in radome lower part PMI intermediate layer's upper end, two the fourth directional antenna sets up in radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer, directional antenna connecting cable fixed connection is in one of them fourth directional antenna's lower extreme.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the scheme, the double-antenna airborne equipment structure is provided, the antenna is embedded in the antenna housing in a winding mode by reasonably arranging the double-antenna structure and the radio frequency cable, so that the requirement on the antenna gain during signal processing is reduced by the equipment, and the performance of the airborne equipment is improved; meanwhile, although the airborne equipment is provided with two antennas, the equipment can be covered by only one antenna housing, the structural form is simple, and the mutual influence among the antennas is reduced by optimizing layout and cable connection.
2. According to the scheme, through simulation calculation, indexes of the two antennas of the airborne equipment arranged in the mode meet design expectations, and meanwhile, the overall size of the airborne equipment is reduced, and the weight is lighter; because of the design mode of the antenna housing, more definite function division is brought, and when equipment fails, the problem is positioned in which of the two antennas more conveniently, so that the problem is eliminated conveniently.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the utility model and together with the embodiments of the utility model, serve to explain the utility model. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a diagram of a dual antenna placement mode 1 according to the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a dual antenna placement mode 2 according to the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a dual antenna placement mode 3 according to the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radome of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is an omni-directional antenna pattern of the present utility model;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dual antenna airborne device of the utility model.
In the figure: 102. a first omni-directional antenna; 202. a first mounting base plate; 302. a first directional antenna; 103. a second omni-directional antenna; 203. a second mounting base plate; 303. a second directional antenna; 104. a third omni-directional antenna; 204. a third mounting base plate; 304. a third directional antenna; 105. a fourth directional antenna; 205. the directional antenna is connected with a cable; 305. PMI interlayer on the upper part of the antenna housing; 405. PMI interlayer at the lower part of the antenna housing; 505. a radome mounting base plate; 101. an equipment installation housing; 201. a radio frequency assembly; 301. a fifth omni-directional antenna; 401. a radio frequency cable; 501. a directional antenna array; 601. and an antenna housing interlayer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:
a structure of a dual antenna on-board device, comprising:
an apparatus mounting case 101;
a directional antenna array 501 fixedly connected to the upper end of the device mounting case 101;
four radome interlayers 601, open into the directional antenna array 501;
a radio frequency assembly 201 fixedly connected to the upper end of the device mounting case 101;
a fifth omni-directional antenna 301 disposed at an upper end of the rf module 201; and
the radio frequency cable 401 is disposed within the directional antenna array 501.
In the specific embodiment of the utility model, in the flight process of the aircraft, single X-band airborne equipment generates weakened or broken signals due to high frequency and large wavelength of the equipment and the shielding of the equipment between the aircraft and between the airborne equipment and a ground platform; the functions such as Beidou and GPS can observe a series of conditions such as satellite redundancy reduction, signal blocking, geometric configuration deterioration and the like due to shielding, if two types of wireless communication functions are combined in different occasions, the defects of the two types of wireless communication functions are overcome, and the positioning precision of a combined system is improved.
1 omni-directional antenna.
The omnidirectional antenna is an X-band antenna, two groups of micro-strips are adopted to print a dipole linear array, the airspace coverage is 0-360 degrees, the pitch angle is within a certain range, the gain requirement is 4-5 dB within the coverage airspace range, the system gain requirement can be met, and the data transmission and ranging can be carried. The omnidirectional antenna is directly connected with the radio frequency component 201, and the electromagnetic radiation of the high-frequency signal can seriously affect the receiving and transmitting performance of the antenna, so that a metal shielding bottom plate needs to be arranged between the omnidirectional antenna and the radio frequency component 201, and interference of leakage of the radio frequency signal on system gain is reduced.
2 directional antenna
The directional antenna is an L-band antenna, the airspace coverage is 0-360 degrees of horizontal azimuth angle, the vertical azimuth angle is 150 degrees, and the directional antenna can receive signals of other machines or ground stations and can be used for long-distance positioning navigation.
The directional antenna needs to be aligned with a certain angle range due to the special directivity, so that the directional antenna adopts an array mode, 3 directional antennas of the airborne equipment in the patent can be arranged around the 120-degree equal part array of the central axis of the equipment, the direction of the directional antenna can be adjusted according to the needs, and meanwhile, the directional antenna needs to be capable of definitely pointing in use.
3 double antenna arrangement
The omni-directional antenna is not allowed to be shielded in a required pitch angle range and an airspace range in use, so that the sensitivity of the equipment in a certain angle can be influenced, or the conditions of unstable signals, network withdrawal and the like occur in the angle.
Referring specifically to fig. 1, the method includes: the first omni-directional antenna 102, the first mounting base plate 202 and the first directional antenna 302, the first omni-directional antenna 102 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first mounting base plate 202, and one side end of the first mounting base plate 202 is provided with the first directional antenna 302.
In this embodiment: the omni-directional antenna and the directional antenna are placed in different modes, so that the antenna gain and the communication capability of the device are seriously affected, and the dual-antenna can adopt the following structural modes:
mode 1: the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna are horizontally arranged, the top end of the directional antenna is flush with the upper surface of the omnidirectional antenna mounting plate, the directional antenna is radially opposite to the omnidirectional antenna for a circle without shielding, the directional antenna is arranged around the central axis array of the omnidirectional antenna, and at the moment, the size of the metal shielding bottom plate of the omnidirectional antenna is influenced by the directional antenna, and the size of the metal shielding bottom plate of the omnidirectional antenna is smaller.
Referring specifically to fig. 2, the method includes: the second omni-directional antenna 103, the second mounting base plate 203 and the second directional antenna 303, wherein the second omni-directional antenna 103 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second mounting base plate 203, and the second directional antenna 303 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second mounting base plate 203.
In this embodiment: the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna are horizontally arranged, the lower surface of the directional antenna is flush with the upper surface of the omnidirectional antenna installation floor, the directional antenna is arranged around the central axis of the omnidirectional antenna, and the size of the metal shielding bottom plate of the omnidirectional antenna is larger.
Referring specifically to fig. 3, the method includes: third directional antenna 304, third omnidirectional antenna 104 and third mounting plate 204, third omnidirectional antenna 104 is fixedly connected to the upper end of third mounting plate 204, and third directional antenna 304 is disposed at the upper end of third omnidirectional antenna 104.
In this embodiment: the directional antenna is arranged at the top of the omnidirectional antenna, the directional antenna is not shielded, the directional antenna is arranged around the central axis array of the omnidirectional antenna, the omnidirectional antenna is required to be shielded in a fixed pitching angle, and by simulation, when the mode 1 is adopted, the gain of the directional antenna is reduced in the coverage range of the elevation angle, the axial ratio is also deteriorated to different degrees, and the influence on the positioning precision of the directional antenna is larger; in the mode 2, the omnidirectional antenna is influenced by the directional antenna, and the horizontal plane directional diagram of the omnidirectional antenna is recessed to different degrees in the same angle range, so that the gain is reduced, and the minimum value of the gain is far than 4dB; when the mode 3 is adopted, the directional antenna is not influenced by the directional antenna, the omni-directional antenna is influenced by the directional antenna, the gain is slightly smaller than 4dB in a certain small pitch angle, and the mode 1, the mode 2 and the directional antenna are mutually influenced by each other through comparison and reason analysis, so that the influence on the performance of equipment is larger, the feasibility of the two modes is lower, and the performance of the equipment is sacrificed; the omni-directional antenna in the mode 3 has insufficient gain in a small pitch angle, mainly because a certain coverage area is formed at the top of the omni-directional antenna after the directional antenna array 501, and a certain angle of shielding is generated in the required pitch angle, at the moment, the angle can be reduced or even reduced to 0 through structural adjustment, the coverage area can be effectively reduced by the array after the directional antenna rotates for a certain angle, but the rotation angle is limited, and the directional antenna after the array needs to cover 360 degrees of azimuth angles; or the directional antenna is moved upwards to reduce the included angle between the edge of the coverage area and the center of the omnidirectional antenna, but the size of the equipment is increased, so that the wind resistance of the equipment is increased, and the structural strength of the equipment is not good. If the two modes are combined, the pitch angle can be adjusted while the small height is increased, so that the use conditions of the two antennas are achieved, and the transverse size of the equipment is smaller.
To sum up, this patent places directional antenna in the omnidirectional antenna top, and directional antenna and omnidirectional antenna axis slope certain contained angle back, directional antenna is around the array of omnidirectional antenna central axis, and directional antenna does not have to shelter from, and the omnidirectional antenna needs not to shelter from in fixed every single move angle.
Referring specifically to fig. 4, the method includes: fourth directional antenna 105, directional antenna connecting cable 205, radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer 305, radome lower portion PMI intermediate layer 405 and radome mounting base plate 505, radome lower portion PMI intermediate layer 405 fixed connection is in the upper end of radome mounting base plate 505, radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer 305 fixed connection is in the upper end of radome lower portion PMI intermediate layer 405, two fourth directional antennas 105 set up in radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer 305, directional antenna connecting cable 205 fixed connection is in the lower extreme of one of them fourth directional antenna 105.
In this embodiment: the two antennas are spatially arranged in the above manner, the omnidirectional antenna is connected with the radio frequency component 201, the antenna array 501 can be suspended through the fixation of the lower end, and meanwhile, the directional antenna needs to be connected with equipment for signal transmission and communication; at this time, the directional antenna must be crosslinked with the rf component 201 in the device by means of cable connection, and if the directional antenna supporting structure is added, the performance of the omnidirectional antenna will be affected, so the directional antenna is installed in the radome in the present patent, and in order to reduce the influence of the radome on the two antennas, the directional antenna array 501 is designed inside the radome. The antenna cover is embedded in the antenna cover, the height of the antenna cover is increased, and the antenna cover can be simplified to be a cantilever beam when being installed and used, therefore, when the aircraft is installed on the airborne equipment and used, the antenna cover is influenced by wind resistance, the root of the antenna cover is stressed to the greatest extent, when the appearance design of the aircraft is carried out, the equal strength design is adopted, when the antenna cover is uniformly distributed with load q, according to the moment and the moment of inertia of different section widths of the antenna cover, the stress of the antenna cover is the same when the different section widths are made, when the appearance size of the antenna cover is different in height, the curve of the section width is similar to the saddle shape, the antenna cover adopts an ABA interlayer technology, the directional antenna array 501 is embedded in a cavity processed by PMI foam, the antenna cover is arranged in a position size formed by processing the PMI, pitch angle of the directional antenna is ensured, and an array around the central axis of the equipment are ensured, wherein the PMI interlayer 305 at the upper part of the antenna cover and the PMI interlayer 405 at the lower part of the antenna cover are PMI foam of different specifications, the PMI foam is adopted relatively compact, the supporting function can be well completed, the lower part of the PMI interlayer 405 is made of the PMI foam with high-pass through, the foam with high-pass through value when the appearance size of the antenna cover is different in height, the section width, the curve of the PMI is similar to the saddle-shaped, the profile is similar to the appearance, the PMI is required to be deformed, the PMI is required to be high-pass through, the antenna wire antenna array is required to be wound, the antenna array is required to be arranged, the antenna array is required to be high-shaped, and the antenna is required to be fixed, and the antenna is required to be rotated, and the antenna array is required to be mounted, and the antenna is required to be rotated, and the antenna is required to be fixed, and the antenna is has a high-required to be mounted. The mode may influence the performance of the omni-directional antenna, so that through calculation simulation, when the size of the group dipole of the omni-directional antenna in the X wave band is 50mm and the winding turns are 1.25-1.5, the influence of a cable on the omni-directional antenna is minimum, the system gain and the azimuth angle meet the requirements, the gain is reduced by about 0.4-0.65 dB, and the directional diagram of three frequency points is selected as shown in figure 5.
The working principle and the using flow of the utility model are as follows: through simulation calculation, the indexes of the two antennas of the airborne equipment arranged in the mode meet design expectations, and meanwhile, the overall size of the airborne equipment is reduced, and the weight is lighter; because of the design mode of the antenna housing, more definite function division is brought, and when equipment fails, the problem is positioned in which of the two antennas more conveniently, so that the problem is eliminated conveniently.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that the present utility model is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. A structure of a dual antenna airborne device, comprising:
a device mounting case (101);
a directional antenna array (501) fixedly connected to an upper end of the device mounting case (101); four radome interlayers (601) arranged in the directional antenna array (501);
the radio frequency assembly (201) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the equipment installation shell (101); a fifth omni-directional antenna (301) disposed at an upper end of the radio frequency assembly (201); and a radio frequency cable (401) disposed within the directional antenna array (501).
2. The structure of a dual antenna on-board apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising: the antenna comprises a first omni-directional antenna (102), a first mounting base plate (202) and a first directional antenna (302), wherein the first omni-directional antenna (102) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first mounting base plate (202), and one side end of the first mounting base plate (202) is provided with the first directional antenna (302).
3. The structure of a dual antenna on-board apparatus as claimed in claim 2, comprising: the antenna comprises a second omnidirectional antenna (103), a second mounting base plate (203) and a second directional antenna (303), wherein the second omnidirectional antenna (103) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second mounting base plate (203), and the second directional antenna (303) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second mounting base plate (203).
4. A structure of a dual antenna on-board apparatus as claimed in claim 3, comprising: the antenna comprises a third directional antenna (304), a third omnidirectional antenna (104) and a third mounting bottom plate (204), wherein the third omnidirectional antenna (104) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the third mounting bottom plate (204), and the third directional antenna (304) is arranged at the upper end of the third omnidirectional antenna (104).
5. The structure of a dual antenna on-board apparatus as claimed in claim 4, comprising: fourth directional antenna (105), directional antenna connecting cable (205), radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer (305), radome lower part PMI intermediate layer (405) and radome mounting plate (505), radome lower part PMI intermediate layer (405) fixed connection is in the upper end of radome mounting plate (505), radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer (305) fixed connection is in the upper end of radome lower part PMI intermediate layer (405), two fourth directional antenna (105) set up in radome upper portion PMI intermediate layer (305), directional antenna connecting cable (205) fixed connection is in the lower extreme of one of them fourth directional antenna (105).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321733647.6U CN220341497U (en) | 2023-07-04 | 2023-07-04 | Structure of double-antenna airborne equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321733647.6U CN220341497U (en) | 2023-07-04 | 2023-07-04 | Structure of double-antenna airborne equipment |
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| CN220341497U true CN220341497U (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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| CN202321733647.6U Active CN220341497U (en) | 2023-07-04 | 2023-07-04 | Structure of double-antenna airborne equipment |
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2023
- 2023-07-04 CN CN202321733647.6U patent/CN220341497U/en active Active
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