CN114660792A - Reflection type afocal optical system - Google Patents
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- CN114660792A CN114660792A CN202210133348.2A CN202210133348A CN114660792A CN 114660792 A CN114660792 A CN 114660792A CN 202210133348 A CN202210133348 A CN 202210133348A CN 114660792 A CN114660792 A CN 114660792A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0694—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0652—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reflective afocal optical system, which comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a tertiary mirror, a plane mirror A and a plane mirror B, wherein the focal powers of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror are all not zero and are arranged on the same optical axis to form a common optical axis A; the middle of the primary mirror is provided with a through hole; the secondary mirror receives the light beam reflected by the primary mirror, reflects the light reflected by the primary mirror again and emits the light from the primary mirror through hole; the three mirrors receive the light beams reflected by the secondary mirror; the plane mirror A receives the light beams reflected by the three mirrors and reflects and turns the light beams, and meanwhile, a middle through hole A for the reflected light beams of the secondary mirror to pass through is formed in the middle of the plane mirror A; the plane mirror B receives the light beam reflected by the plane mirror A, reflects and turns the light beam, and forms an optical axis B after turning, wherein the optical axis B is perpendicular to the optical axis A; the invention reduces the volume of the whole system and is more beneficial to arranging the image stabilizing element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optics, in particular to a reflective afocal optical system.
Background
In order to acquire more information and distinguish more details, modern photoelectric observing and aiming equipment collects more energy and continuously expands towards the directions of multiband, long focal length and large caliber. On the basis, the improvement of multispectral integration and product stability and precision is also an important development trend. In principle, the more optical paths that are common to multiple spectral bands, the higher the integration and on-axis stability. In addition to the above features, the airborne photoelectric sighting device attaches importance to the size and weight of the system to a performance index, and for a long-focus system, an optical axis control measure is required to solve the problem of image instability caused by platform movement or vibration.
The reflection type design does not introduce chromatic aberration, is beneficial to the light weight of a large-aperture optical system, and is very suitable for a multispectral common-path optical system. Although reflective systems have many advantages, reflective systems are still subject to beam obscuration. Patents CN205899119U, CN110850592A, CN110989152A, CN214151221U, CN 110221420A, CN112485793A, CN112859313A, CN102928077B, etc. all adopt off-axis design to avoid beam obstruction. The off-axis design can avoid the obscuration, but the manufacturing difficulty of the off-axis system is obviously increased, and the volume is also increased, which is not favorable for the compact design. In patents CN107843980A, CN107843979A, CN104793324B, CN103278916B, CN201964957U, etc., the mirrors are used at the positions with the largest calibers, so as to reduce the volume and weight, and the reflecting and mixing design is adopted subsequently, thereby avoiding the second blocking. The refraction and reflection mixed design introduces more variables, which brings convenience to the design, but the refraction element of the common aperture part necessarily introduces chromatic aberration, which is not beneficial to broadband and multispectral imaging. Patent CN107167904A uses a reflective design with primary and secondary mirrors coaxial, and to avoid secondary obscuration, only off-axis half fields are used, especially the meridional field is significantly compressed. The American optical manual 3 rd edition first volume 18 chapter 7 discloses a coaxial reflection type afocal system, wherein a primary mirror, a secondary mirror and a third mirror all have focal power and are coaxial, a fourth mirror is a plane mirror and is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with an optical axis, a center opening is formed, and a primary image is positioned at the opening of the plane mirror. Although the design has two obscurations, the obscured beams overlap and therefore do not increase the amount of obscuration. If the design is used for onboard sighting, two disadvantages are shown, firstly, the difficulty of using a plane mirror as an image stabilizing element is high, because the incident angle of the light beam is large, and the image is only suitable for stabilizing in one direction; second, the primary image is further to the right of the primary mirror, making the system relatively bulky.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a reflective afocal optical system that reduces the volume of the entire system while facilitating the placement of image stabilization elements.
The invention is realized in such a way that a reflective afocal optical system is constructed, which comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a third mirror, a plane mirror A and a plane mirror B, wherein the focal powers of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the third mirror are all not zero and are arranged on the same optical axis to form a common optical axis A;
the middle of the primary mirror is provided with a through hole;
the secondary mirror is positioned on the reflection side of the primary mirror, receives the light beam reflected by the primary mirror, reflects the light beam reflected by the primary mirror again and emits the light beam from the through hole of the primary mirror;
the three mirrors are positioned on the reflecting side of the secondary mirror and behind the primary mirror and receive the light beams reflected by the secondary mirror;
the plane mirror A receives the light beam reflected by the three mirrors, is positioned between the secondary mirror and the three mirrors, the included angle between the normal of the plane mirror A and the optical axis A is not zero, and meanwhile, the middle of the plane mirror A is provided with a middle through hole A for the reflected light beam of the secondary mirror to pass through;
the plane mirror B receives the light beam reflected by the plane mirror A and reflects and turns the light beam to form an optical axis B, and the optical axis B is perpendicular to the optical axis A;
preferably, an image stabilization control unit is installed at the rear end of the plane mirror A or the plane mirror B, and the angle of the plane mirror A or the plane mirror B is adjusted through the image stabilization control unit, so that the plane mirror A or the plane mirror B is suitable for more complex use environments.
Preferably, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror adopts a concave paraboloid, the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror adopts a convex hyperboloid, and the reflecting surfaces of the three mirrors adopt a concave paraboloid.
Preferably, the aperture D of the primary mirror and the focal power of the primary mirror
Satisfy the requirements of
The relationship of (1);
the focal power of a subsystem consisting of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is
Aperture D of primary mirror and
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (1);
the focal power of the three mirrors is
， 
And
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship (2) of (c).
Preferably, the wave aberration of the zero-degree field of view primary image formed by the optical axis A and the incident light is smaller than
And λ is the operating wavelength.
Preferably, the included angle between the normal of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror A and the optical axis A is less than 45 degrees, and more preferably, the included angle is less than 30 degrees.
Further, the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror are replaced by spherical surfaces or high-order aspheric surfaces or free-form surfaces, the image stabilization control unit is arranged on the plane mirror A, and the plane mirror B is a dichroic mirror.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention compresses the length from the secondary mirror to the tertiary mirror;
2. compared with the prior art, the plane reflector B has no central hole, has sufficient back space and is more suitable for being used as an image stabilization control unit;
3. the focal lengths of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are reduced, and a primary image formed by the same field angle is smaller, so that the size of a central hole of the plane mirror A is reduced, and the loss of light is further reduced;
4. if plane mirror a is used as the optical axis stability control unit, then plane mirror B can be replaced with a dichroic mirror so that the overall system can handle more spectral bands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 100. a primary mirror; 200. a secondary mirror; 300. three mirrors; 400. a plane mirror A; 500. a plane mirror B; 600. an optical axis B; 700. an optical axis A; 800. a rotation mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a reflective afocal optical system includes a primary mirror 100, a secondary mirror 200, a tertiary mirror 300, a plane mirror a400, and a plane mirror B500, wherein the focal powers of the primary mirror 100, the secondary mirror 200, and the tertiary mirror 300 are all different from zero and are arranged on the same optical axis, forming a common optical axis a 700;
the middle of the primary mirror is provided with a through hole;
the secondary mirror 200 is positioned on the reflection side of the primary mirror 100, receives the light beam reflected by the primary mirror 100, collects the light beam reflected by the primary mirror 100 and reflects the light beam out of the through hole;
the three mirrors are positioned on the reflecting side of the secondary mirror and behind the primary mirror and receive the light beams reflected by the secondary mirror;
the plane mirror A400 receives the light beams reflected by the three mirrors and is positioned between the secondary mirror 200 and the three mirrors 300, the included angle between the normal line of the plane mirror A400 and the optical axis A is not zero, and meanwhile, a middle through hole A for the secondary mirror to reflect the light beams to pass through is formed in the middle of the plane mirror A400;
the plane mirror B500 receives the light beam reflected by the plane mirror A400 and turns the light beam to form an optical axis B600, and the optical axis B600 is perpendicular to the optical axis A700;
in this embodiment, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror is a concave paraboloid, the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror is a convex hyperboloid, and the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror is a concave paraboloid.
In this embodiment, the aperture D of the primary mirror and the power of the primary mirror
Satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (1);
the focal power of a subsystem consisting of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is
Aperture D of primary mirror and
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (a);
the focal power of the three mirrors is
， 
And with
Satisfy the requirement of
The relationship (2) of (c).
Preferably, the wave aberration of the zero-degree field of view primary image formed by the optical axis A and the incident light is smaller than
And λ is the operating wavelength.
In this embodiment, the angle between the normal of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror a and the optical axis a is less than 45 degrees, preferably less than 30 degrees.
On the basis of the coaxial three-mirror design, two plane reflectors (a plane mirror A and a plane mirror B) are added, and the two plane reflectors jointly deflect the optical axis by 90 degrees, so that the deflected optical axis is perpendicular to the optical axis of the coaxial three-mirror.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the optical system data is shown in the following table:
example two:
as shown in fig. 2, a reflective afocal optical system includes a primary mirror 100, a secondary mirror 200, a tertiary mirror 300, a plane mirror a400, and a plane mirror B500, wherein the focal powers of the primary mirror 100, the secondary mirror 200, and the tertiary mirror 300 are all different from zero and are arranged on the same optical axis, forming a common optical axis a 700;
the middle of the primary mirror is provided with a through hole;
the secondary mirror 200 is positioned on the reflection side of the primary mirror 100, receives the light beam reflected by the primary mirror 100, collects the light beam reflected by the primary mirror 100 and reflects the light beam out of the through hole;
the three mirrors are positioned on the reflecting side of the secondary mirror and behind the primary mirror and receive the light beams reflected by the secondary mirror;
the plane mirror A400 receives light beams reflected by the three mirrors and is positioned between the secondary mirror 200 and the three mirrors 300, an included angle between the normal line of the plane mirror A400 and the optical axis A is not zero, and meanwhile, a middle through hole A for the secondary mirror to reflect light beams to pass through is formed in the middle of the plane mirror A400;
the plane mirror B500 receives the light beam reflected by the plane mirror A400 and turns the light beam to form an optical axis B600, and the optical axis B600 is perpendicular to the optical axis A700;
in this embodiment, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror is a concave paraboloid, the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror is a convex hyperboloid, and the reflecting surface of the tertiary mirror is a concave paraboloid.
In this embodiment, the aperture D of the primary mirror and the power of the primary mirror
Satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (1);
the focal power of a subsystem consisting of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is
Aperture D of primary mirror and
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (1);
the focal power of the three mirrors is
， 
And
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship (2) of (c).
Preferably, the wave aberration of the zero-degree field of view primary image formed by the optical axis A and the incident light is smaller than
And λ is the operating wavelength.
In this embodiment, the angle between the normal of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror a and the optical axis a is less than 45 degrees, preferably less than 30 degrees.
In this embodiment, the rotation mechanism 800 is installed at the back of the plane mirror a400, and the angle of the plane mirror a400 is adjusted through the rotation mechanism, so as to adapt to various environments; while the plane mirror B500 may be changed to a dichroic mirror, reflecting a part of the spectrum and transmitting another part of the spectrum.
In this embodiment, specifically, in this implementation, the optical system data is shown in the following table:
the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that in the second embodiment, a rotating mechanism is installed on the back of the plane mirror a400, and the angle of the plane mirror a400 is adjusted in real time through the rotating mechanism, so that a moving target can be kept stationary on an image plane (somebody, called image stabilization); meanwhile, the plane mirror B500 can be changed into a dichroic mirror, which reflects one part of the spectrum and transmits the other part of the spectrum; others were not changed.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A reflective afocal optical system, characterized by: the device comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a third mirror, a plane mirror A and a plane mirror B, wherein the focal powers of the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the third mirror are all not zero and are arranged with an optical axis to form a common optical axis A;
the middle of the primary mirror is provided with a through hole;
the secondary mirror is positioned on the reflection side of the primary mirror, receives the light beam reflected by the primary mirror, reflects the light beam reflected by the primary mirror again and emits the light beam from the through hole;
the three mirrors are positioned on the reflecting side of the secondary mirror and behind the primary mirror and receive the light beams reflected by the secondary mirror;
the plane mirror A receives the light beam reflected by the three mirrors, is positioned between the secondary mirror and the three mirrors, the included angle between the normal of the plane mirror A and the optical axis A is not zero, and meanwhile, the middle of the plane mirror A is provided with a middle through hole A for the reflected light beam of the secondary mirror to pass through;
the plane mirror B receives the light beam reflected by the plane mirror A and reflects and turns the light beam to form an optical axis B, and the optical axis B is perpendicular to the optical axis A.
2. The reflective afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein: the reflecting surface of the primary mirror adopts a concave paraboloid, the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror adopts a convex hyperboloid, and the reflecting surfaces of the three mirrors adopt concave paraboloids.
3. A reflective afocal optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the aperture D of the primary mirror and the focal power of the primary mirror
Satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (1);
the focal power of a subsystem consisting of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is
Aperture D of primary mirror and
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship of (1);
optical focus of the three mirrorsDegree of
，
And
satisfy the requirement of
The relationship (2) of (c).
4. A reflective afocal optical system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the wave aberration of the zero-degree view field primary image formed by the optical axis A and the incident light is less than
And λ is the operating wavelength.
5. The reflective afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein: and the included angle between the normal of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror A and the optical axis A is less than 45 degrees.
6. The reflective afocal optical system of claim 4, wherein: and the included angle between the normal of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror B and the optical axis B is less than 30 degrees.
7. The reflective afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein: the primary mirror, the secondary mirror and the tertiary mirror can be replaced by spherical surfaces or high-order aspheric surfaces or free-form surfaces.
8. The reflective afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein: and a rotating mechanism for stabilizing the image is arranged on the back of the plane mirror A.
9. The reflective afocal optical system of claim 8, wherein: the plane mirror B is a dichroic mirror.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210133348.2A CN114660792A (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | Reflection type afocal optical system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210133348.2A CN114660792A (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | Reflection type afocal optical system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117170078A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflection type zoom afocal optical system |
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| CN105204148A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州大学 | Coaxial three-reflection telescope objective for planar view field without secondary blocking |
| CN105785392A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-20 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Four-beam laser three-dimensional imaging optical system based on coaxial three-mirror-anastigmat afocal telescope |
| CN106371200A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-02-01 | 苏州大学 | Broad wave band, large view field and large aperture coude three reflection afocal optical system |
| CN109739014A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of optical system put fastly suitable for whole star |
| CN111123503A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Coaxial four-mirror catadioptric low-distortion telescopic optical system |
| RU209190U1 (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-02-04 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Пеленг" | MIRROR LENS OF THE SPACE TELESCOPE |
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2022
- 2022-02-14 CN CN202210133348.2A patent/CN114660792A/en active Pending
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| CN101782680A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-21 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Total reflection optical system |
| CN105204148A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州大学 | Coaxial three-reflection telescope objective for planar view field without secondary blocking |
| CN105785392A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-20 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Four-beam laser three-dimensional imaging optical system based on coaxial three-mirror-anastigmat afocal telescope |
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| CN111123503A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Coaxial four-mirror catadioptric low-distortion telescopic optical system |
| RU209190U1 (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-02-04 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Пеленг" | MIRROR LENS OF THE SPACE TELESCOPE |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117170078A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflection type zoom afocal optical system |
| CN117170078B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflection type zoom afocal optical system |
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