CN114660400A - Multi-parameter sensing method and system for power transmission line - Google Patents
Multi-parameter sensing method and system for power transmission line Download PDFInfo
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- CN114660400A CN114660400A CN202210203229.XA CN202210203229A CN114660400A CN 114660400 A CN114660400 A CN 114660400A CN 202210203229 A CN202210203229 A CN 202210203229A CN 114660400 A CN114660400 A CN 114660400A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of power transmission line state monitoring, and provides a power transmission line multi-parameter sensing method and system, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a first carrier and a second carrier; energy extraction is carried out on the obtained first carrier wave to obtain a third carrier wave containing a sensing signal; extracting the acquired backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier, and sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal; sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the obtained modulation signal of the third carrier; and combining the first parameter and the second parameter to obtain the operation information of the power transmission line. According to the method, the first carrier wave is used for supplying power to the far-end electric power tower, the second carrier wave is used for measuring the stress of each position of the electric transmission line, the third carrier wave is used for obtaining the feedback of the environmental information on the electric power tower, and therefore the operation safety information of the electric transmission line is obtained through the combination of the first parameter and the second parameter carried on the second carrier wave and the third carrier wave.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of power transmission line state monitoring, and particularly relates to a power transmission line multi-parameter sensing method and system.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The power pipeline is in a complex environment due to long distance and large span, and is easily influenced by meteorological phenomena such as wind, rain and ice, or various natural factors such as temperature and humidity changes. The operation and maintenance personnel find that local microclimate factors such as ice coating and the like can cause serious damage to the overhead transmission line, and partial phenomena can even cause collapse of the transmission tower, so that the safe and stable operation of the transmission line is seriously influenced. Therefore, the small-range meteorological information around the overhead transmission line is accurately collected and analyzed, and the transmission line can be monitored and early warned. For example, local environmental factors of the power transmission line can be monitored, so that the local stress of the power transmission line can be effectively predicted, and the problem that the power transmission line is broken due to the fact that the power transmission line exceeds the rated breaking force of the power transmission line is prevented.
In the prior art, the environment acquisition sensor is usually arranged on a tower of a power transmission line, power is supplied through a solar cell panel, and data transmission is realized in a wireless data transmission mode. However, such a power supply method and data transmission method are not effective and are susceptible to extremely severe environments. For example, for an area with long-term haze weather conditions, a valley with a back and an underground pipeline with poor communication, the solar panel cannot stably and effectively supply power, and transmission of wireless data may be blocked.
On the other hand, in the prior art, power supply and signal transmission of the environment acquisition sensor on the tower are realized by adopting an optical fiber communication common transmission mode. For example, patent document CN111404273A discloses an overhead line remote sensing and monitoring system, in which a sensing and monitoring device located on one side of a remote overhead line can receive continuous laser light through a power optical cable, convert the continuous laser light into electric energy through a photoelectric conversion unit to realize power supply, and transmit monitoring data back to a monitoring center through the power optical cable. The scheme can realize the simultaneous transmission of energy and information, thereby realizing the real-time sensing and monitoring of the overhead line. However, in the above solutions, the sensor can only collect relevant environmental data on the power tower, but cannot effectively monitor the whole area of the transmission line between the towers or between the tower and the substation. When the local environment of the transmission line far away from the tower is changed, the risk factors cannot be effectively pre-judged. Secondly, because the transmission line is far away, the nodes are more, and the power supply in a continuous laser mode consumes more power in the transmission process, the realization effect of the common transmission is poor.
In addition, a global intelligent monitoring method is proposed in the prior art. For example, patent document CN113607449A discloses a bridge cluster structure global intelligent monitoring and safety pre-warning system for obtaining distributed strain monitoring data and temperature field data of a bridge structure global, wherein a distributed sensing subsystem includes a multi-loop distributed strain sensing optical fiber and various environmental sensors. In addition, the distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing technology takes a common single-mode optical fiber used in optical fiber communication as a sensing medium, and the optical fiber is a sensor, so that continuous monitoring of multiple measuring points in space can be realized. However, although this document provides the suggestion of global intelligent monitoring, the prior art does not provide global intelligent monitoring for global detection of power transmission lines with long distance, wide range and relatively large difference of environmental factors. Secondly, the transmission distance of the power transmission line is long, the number of nodes is large, the data amount to be transmitted is large, the data types are multiple, the number of types of equipment is complex, and the optical fiber resources in the power transmission line are very limited, so that the difficulty is increased for the combined collection of various environmental data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the present disclosure provides a method and a system for sensing multiple parameters of a power transmission line, where a first carrier is used to supply power to a remote power tower, a second carrier is used to measure stress at each position of the power transmission line, and a third carrier is used to obtain feedback of environmental information on the power tower, so as to jointly obtain operation safety information of the power transmission line through a first parameter and a second parameter carried by the second carrier and the third carrier.
According to some embodiments, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for sensing multiple parameters of a power transmission line, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-parameter sensing method for a power transmission line comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first carrier and a second carrier of a substation node;
extracting the energy of the acquired first carrier to obtain a third carrier containing a sensing signal;
extracting the acquired backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier, and sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal;
sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the obtained modulation signal of the third carrier;
combining the first parameter and the second parameter to obtain operation information of the power transmission line;
wherein the first carrier, the second carrier, and the third carrier are all transmitted over a single mode fiber; the transmission directions of the first carrier and the second carrier are consistent and opposite to the transmission direction of the third carrier.
As a further technical limitation, in the process of acquiring the first carrier and the second carrier of the substation node, the first carrier and the second carrier are respectively acquired based on the substation node, and the first carrier and the second carrier acquired in the substation node are transmitted to a tower pole of a power transmission line through the single-mode fiber, so that the acquisition of the first carrier and the second carrier of the substation node is realized.
As a further technical limitation, calculating a backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier by using a pulse time-of-flight method, and acquiring a correlation between the intensity of a brillouin scattering spectrum in the backward frequency shift signal and the transmission distance of the brillouin scattering spectrum in the single-mode optical fiber; and acquiring optical fiber strain data on a certain transmission distance in the single-mode optical fiber based on the incidence relation and the ambient temperature.
Further, the first parameter at least comprises environmental data, wherein the environmental data comprises an environmental wind speed, an environmental wind direction, an environmental air pressure, an environmental temperature and an environmental humidity; the second parameter is the optical fiber strain data, and the optical fiber strain data depends on the magnitude of optical fiber strain and the optical fiber strain position corresponding to the magnitude of optical fiber strain.
According to some embodiments, a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system, which is used for implementing the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing method provided in the first aspect, and adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-parameter sensing system of a power transmission line comprises a transformer substation node, one or more power transmission line tower nodes and the power transmission line between the nodes; the transformer substation node is connected with one or more transmission line tower nodes in sequence, and the transmission line is divided into multiple sections by the transmission line tower nodes; the first carrier, the second carrier and the third carrier are transmitted in a single mode fiber in each section of the multi-section transmission line.
As a further technical limitation, the substation node comprises a host, a first carrier laser, a second carrier demodulator, an optical fiber strain monitoring unit and a second wavelength division multiplexer; the first carrier laser, the second carrier demodulator and the optical fiber strain monitoring unit are respectively connected with a single-mode optical fiber through a multiplexing port of the second wavelength division multiplexer; and the host is respectively connected with the second carrier demodulator and the output port of the optical fiber strain monitoring unit.
As a further technical limitation, the transmission line tower node comprises a first wavelength division multiplexer, a second wavelength division multiplexer, an optical splitter, a coupler and a sensing monitoring device; the first wavelength division multiplexer receives the input of the single mode fiber of the previous node, inputs the first carrier wave to the optical splitter, and inputs the second carrier wave to the second wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the optical splitter is respectively connected with the input end of the sensing monitoring device and the second wavelength division multiplexer; the second wavelength division multiplexer outputs the second carrier wave and the first carrier wave after light splitting to a next node in a multiplexing mode, receives the input of a single mode fiber of the next node at the same time, and inputs a third carrier wave and a second carrier wave back frequency shift signal to the coupler; and the input end of the coupler is respectively connected with the output end of the sensing monitoring device and the second wavelength division multiplexer.
According to some embodiments, a third aspect of the present disclosure provides a power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first carrier and a second carrier of the substation node;
the extraction module is used for extracting the energy of the acquired first carrier wave to obtain a third carrier wave containing the sensing signal;
the sensing module is used for extracting the acquired backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier and sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal; sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the obtained modulation signal of the third carrier;
the combination module is used for combining the first parameter and the second parameter to obtain the operation information of the power transmission line;
wherein the first carrier, the second carrier, and the third carrier are all transmitted over a single mode fiber; the transmission directions of the first carrier and the second carrier are consistent and opposite to the transmission direction of the third carrier.
According to some embodiments, a fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium, which adopts the following technical solutions:
a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, which program, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the transmission line multi-parameter sensing method according to the first aspect of the disclosure.
According to some embodiments, a fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which adopts the following technical solutions:
an electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure when executing the program.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
1. the method and the device have the advantages that the optical signal energy on each section of the whole power supply line is reasonably distributed, so that the transmitting end of the first carrier can supply power to all relevant equipment on the whole line with the minimum power, the energy is saved, and the reliability of data acquisition is ensured.
2. According to the method, the multi-channel signals are integrated in the same single-mode optical fiber in a wavelength division multiplexing mode for transmission, so that optical fiber resources are fully saved, and sufficient redundancy is provided for subsequent upgrading and expanding of an electric power system.
3. According to the method, more and more accurate data along the power transmission line can be obtained by comprehensively acquiring the environmental data and the strain data, so that a sufficient data source is provided for the analysis process of the operation risk of the power transmission line, and the diversity and the accuracy of an analysis algorithm are reliably guaranteed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-parameter sensing method for a power transmission line in a first embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 2 is an erection schematic diagram of a transmission line multi-parameter sensing system in a transmission line in a second embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic network architecture diagram of a transmission line multi-parameter sensing system in a second embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a substation node in the transmission line multi-parameter sensing system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber strain monitoring unit in the multi-parameter sensing system of the power transmission line in the second embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a power transmission line tower node in the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a multi-parameter sensing system of a power transmission line in a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The first embodiment of the disclosure introduces a multi-parameter sensing method for a power transmission line.
The multi-parameter sensing method for the power transmission line shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
step S01: generating a first carrier and a second carrier, and transmitting the first carrier and the second carrier from the substation node to the transmission line tower;
step S02: after receiving the first carrier, the sensing monitoring device on the transmission line tower acquires energy to generate a third carrier modulated with a sensing signal, and transmits the third carrier from the transmission line tower back to the substation node;
step S03: after receiving the backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier and the third carrier, respectively, sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal, and sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the demodulation of the third carrier.
In step S01, the method of the present embodiment may be used to sense a relevant parameter on a transmission line in a certain area of the power system.
Specifically, in this embodiment, one area may be all areas that can be covered by one substation. The power transmission equipment of the transformer substation realizes power supply for all load users in the jurisdiction area, and in order to realize the power supply, a plurality of power transmission lines are needed to carry out power transmission. In each transmission line, according to the distance between the transmission lines, the electric power towers with indefinite number can be arranged, so that overhead arrangement of the transmission lines is realized. Generally, the distance between two towers of the high-voltage transmission line is between 40 and 70 meters. In addition, a high-voltage power tower is usually arranged near various substations.
As one or more implementation modes, the substation node is directly or indirectly connected with one or more transmission line towers through single mode optical fibers; the distance of the power transmission line is the sum of the distance of the power transmission line between the transformer substation machine room and the power transmission line tower and the distance of the power transmission line between the power transmission line towers.
As shown in fig. 2, when the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system is erected in a power transmission line, one power transmission line in this embodiment may be a line from one substation node to a load user end, or a line from one substation node to another substation node. In this embodiment, the transmission line is defined as long as it can be ensured that a plurality of linear towers are sequentially connected in the current transmission line.
In the prior art, wired data transmission is generally implemented between related communication devices of a substation machine room and communication devices on various transmission line towers in an Optical fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire (OPGW) mode. The transformer substation sends the instruction data to the transmission line tower, relevant equipment on the tower collects corresponding data information and feeds the data information back to the transformer substation, and the transformer substation realizes data aggregation and processing by arranging a large-scale machine room. The method in the embodiment can be realized by relying on the existing OPGW power optical cable which is laid between the substation machine room and the transmission line tower in advance in the prior art.
In this embodiment, in order to achieve the maximum utilization efficiency of the existing power optical cable resources, the method in this embodiment may be implemented by only occupying one single-mode optical fiber in the power optical cable.
As one or more embodiments, a sensing and monitoring device, an optical splitter, a coupler, a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer are all located on a power transmission line tower, and the sensing and monitoring device comprises an energy storage unit and a sensing unit; the optical signal of the ascending transmission line tower in the single mode fiber is demultiplexed by the first wavelength division multiplexer to realize first carrier output and second carrier output, the first carrier output is sent to the receiving end of the energy storage unit of the sensing monitoring device on the descending transmission line tower after passing through the optical splitter, and the second carrier is output to the descending transmission line tower after being multiplexed by the second wavelength division multiplexer; the energy storage unit performs photoelectric conversion on the first carrier and realizes power supply to a sensing unit of the sensing monitoring device; and the sensing unit is used for transmitting the third carrier wave modulated with the sensing signal to the coupler, then combining the third carrier wave output from the downlink transmission line tower of the second wavelength division multiplexer and the backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier wave, and outputting the combined signal to the uplink transmission line tower through the first wavelength division multiplexer.
The sensing monitoring device in this embodiment may be a sensing monitoring device having a photoelectric conversion function and a photocell power supply function, which are commonly used in the prior art. Generally, such sensing and monitoring devices may include photocells, supercapacitors, voltage converters, various types of sensors, and optical communication units. The energy storage unit shown above mainly comprises a photovoltaic cell, a super capacitor and a voltage converter, while the sensing unit may comprise various sensors and optical communication units. Among other things, photovoltaic cells can be formed of indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) materials that are capable of generating a potential difference by photovoltaics, causing electrons and holes in a semiconductor PN junction to split and causing electrons to move directionally. When the super capacitor is connected in parallel at two ends of the photovoltaic cell, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic cell can be stored. In this embodiment, the super capacitor may be an electric double layer capacitor, and has the characteristics of instantaneous high power, high power density, and the like.
The output end of the photovoltaic cell and the super capacitor after being connected in parallel can be connected with a plurality of voltage converters. Wherein, part of the voltage converter can be a voltage drop converter, and the rest can be a boost converter.
In the present embodiment, a DC-DC converter commonly used in the prior art is employed; in other embodiments, other types of transducers may be employed. The DC-DC converter in this embodiment modulates the output voltage to a stable voltage, for example, 3.3V or 5V or the like. These stable voltages can be adapted to the types of sensors employed in the sensing and monitoring device. In addition, in order to make the output voltage more stable, a low dropout regulator may be added to the corresponding circuit portion in this embodiment.
As one or more implementation modes, the sensing unit collects environmental data on a tower of the power transmission line based on power supply of the energy storage unit; one or more meteorological sensors are included in the sensing unit.
The multiple sensors used in this embodiment may be a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, and the like. The voltage required by the sensor in this embodiment is the stable voltage output by various voltage converters or voltage regulators. In the embodiment, the temperature and humidity sensor adopts an SHTC3 chip, and the air pressure sensor adopts an MS5611-01BA03-50 chip; in other embodiments, other types may be used.
The data collected by the sensors can be read and preliminarily arranged by a single chip microcomputer in the sensing monitoring device. In this embodiment, the MSP430G2553 single chip microcomputer is used for acquiring environmental data, such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, air pressure and the like, by using its own analog/digital signal conversion function; in other embodiments, other types may be used. It should be noted that, the single chip microcomputer in this embodiment also uses the energy collected by the photocell to realize power supply after passing through the voltage converter.
In addition, the sensing and monitoring device in this embodiment further includes an optical communication unit. The unit adopts RS232 or RS485 protocol to realize the photoelectric conversion of signals. In other words, the optical communication unit in this embodiment is similar to the optical communication unit in the prior art, and has an interface chip conforming to RS232 or RS485 in structure, so as to receive the environmental data output by the single chip, modulate the environmental data into an optical signal, and send the optical signal to the single-mode optical fiber; in other embodiments, other types may be used.
In this embodiment, each tower where the power transmission line is located may include one sensing and monitoring device, in other words, the towers correspond to the sensing and monitoring devices one to one. In addition, each tower is provided with an optical splitter, a coupler and two wavelength division multiplexers besides the sensing monitoring device. After passing through the wavelength division multiplexer, the optical splitter only splits the first carrier. In this embodiment, the optical splitter may split the first carrier wave on the 1310nm band; in other embodiments, other types may be used. It is easy to understand that each tower that passes through from the substation room should have a splitter, and of course, if it is a tower located at the extreme end of the whole transmission line, the splitter does not actually play any role.
As one or more embodiments, the optical splitter is arranged corresponding to the sensing and monitoring device, is positioned on each other transmission line tower except the transmission line tower farthest from the network of the substation machine room, and is numbered according to the network distance sequence with the substation machine room.
In this embodiment, each optical splitter located on the tower may be generally configured as a one-to-two structure, or it may be considered that the method in this embodiment may be implemented by using only one channel of the optical splitter. The beam splitter may not be a component that needs to be added particularly in this embodiment. In this embodiment, after the optical signal on the previous tower is transmitted to the current tower through the single-mode fiber, the first carrier is extracted through the first wavelength division multiplexing device, and then the light splitting is realized through the light splitter.
After passing through a one-to-two structure, the optical splitter realizes first output light and second output light by a first carrier wave according to a preset light splitting ratio. The first output light is connected to the sensing monitoring device on the same tower through the first output end of the optical splitter, and the second output light is connected to the single-mode optical fiber through the second output end of the optical splitter and then transmitted to the next tower through the second wavelength division multiplexer.
Similarly, if the sensing and monitoring device on a certain tower generates a third carrier optical signal, the third carrier optical signal is transmitted to the upper tower through the coupler and the first wavelength division multiplexer.
With respect to the preset splitting ratio, the splitters of different numbers are different. Specifically, the calculation method thereof can be obtained by the following formula. If the optical splitters have N optical splitters, the splitting ratio of the nth optical splitter is at least
Wherein, ω isnRequired power for nth sensing and monitoring device, anIs the n-th power, x, of the attenuation coefficient a of the first carrier in a single-mode fiberiAnd T is the transmission distance between the transmission line tower where the ith optical splitter is located and the transmission line tower where the ith optical splitter is located, and the transmission line tower where the ith optical splitter is located is the transmission distance between the transmission line tower where the ith optical splitter is located and the transmission line tower where the ith optical splitter is located, and is the first carrier transmission power of the transformer substation.
In this embodiment, if there are N splitters in total, it can be considered that N +1 towers are included on the entire transmission line. The splitting ratio of the nth splitter should be obtained by taking the power of all optical signals transmitted to the nth tower as a denominator and taking the required working power of the sensing and monitoring device on the current tower as a numerator.
Specifically, the ratio is multiplied by the total power transmitted from the previous tower to supply power to the sensor monitoring device, so that the sensor monitoring device can have sufficient power supply, and the rest of the power is transmitted to the next tower.
Therefore, for the optical splitter on the nth tower, the intensity of the optical signal at the input end of the optical splitter is influenced by the split of the preceding optical splitter, and factors such as the natural attenuation of the optical signal in the optical fiber transmission process and the transmission intensity of the optical signal in the transformer substation are determined. For the first splitter, the received attenuation is a multiple of the original optical power intensity T, where x is the multiple1The product of the attenuation coefficient a. The beam splitter divides omega1After the power of the tower is distributed to a sensing monitoring device on the first tower, the residual a.x1·T-ω1And transmitting to the next tower. Therefore, the next tower receives light with intensity a · x2(a·x1·T-ω1) And the power required by the next tower is omega2. By analogy, it can be obtained that when the light is transmitted to the nth tower, the light power is weakened and split from the initial T to the light power
And according to the required power of the sensing and monitoring device at the moment, the minimum light splitting ratio of the light splitter can be obtained. Certainly, in the prior art, in order to fully ensure that the sensing and monitoring device can obtain sufficient electric energy, a value of the minimum light splitting ratio may be increased within a certain range, but this is at the cost of increasing the carrier transmission power of the substation.
It should be noted that, in order to enable all the sensing and monitoring devices on the towers on the transmission line to receive enough energy to operate effectively, the total power of the optical signals received by the nth optical splitter may be set to be greater than or equal to the required power of the last sensing and monitoring device, that is, the total power of the optical signals received by the nth optical splitter is set to be greater than or equal to the required power of the last sensing and monitoring device, that is, the total power of the optical signals is set to be greater than or equal to the required power of the last sensing and monitoring device
According to this formula, the minimum value of T can be obtained by solving, and thus the transmission power of the optical signal is limited to the minimum value, which can save the most energy. In general, since the power of the second carrier is more deterministic, the adjustment to T can be achieved by adjusting the power of the first carrier.
In one or more embodiments, the required power of the nth sensing and monitoring device is at least
Wherein S islThe energy storage unit is characterized in that the energy storage unit is an energy storage unit in the sensing monitoring device, the energy storage unit is a single-chip microcomputer module, the energy storage unit is a photoelectric conversion unit, and the energy storage unit is arranged in the sensing monitoring device.
In this embodiment, the sum of the operating power of the plurality of sensors, the power of the optical communication module, the power of the single chip, and the power of the energy storage unit is the required power of the sensing and monitoring device. If the sensing and monitoring devices on a plurality of towers are set to be the same signal, the value of the required power can be the same or similar.
Since the energy storage unit consumes substantially no power,the light energy is stored by a certain radio-television conversion efficiency, so that the energy consumption of the energy storage unit is not specifically calculated in the embodiment. For the sensing unit, its energy consumption can be obtained by summing the power of the sensor and the power of the other modules, i.e.
Therefore, the power required by the sensing and monitoring device can be known according to the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, in order to simultaneously implement power supply to the sensing and monitoring device on the tower and acquisition of frequency shifts at various positions of the optical fiber, two carriers of different bands, that is, a first carrier and a second carrier, may be generated simultaneously. In the present embodiment, the band of the first carrier is set to 1310nm, the band of the second carrier is set to 1550nm, and the attenuation coefficients of both are 0.35dB/m and 0.2dB/m in the single-mode fiber, respectively. Since the attenuation of the optical signal in the 1550nm band or 1450nm band is lower, the first carrier may be set to other bands in order to minimize the transmission attenuation of the optical signal of the first carrier. The first carrier wave and the second carrier wave can be transmitted from the transformer substation to the tower through a single mode fiber simultaneously through a wavelength division multiplexing device.
In step S02, the sensing and monitoring device in this embodiment may receive the first carrier wave split by the optical splitter, and implement a photoelectric conversion function based on the optical power of the carrier wave, so as to implement the related functions of the sensing and monitoring device.
In this embodiment, the function of the sensing and monitoring device is as described above, the signal acquisition of the sensor can be realized by the power supply of the photocell, the super capacitor and the voltage converter, and the plurality of sensors transmit the acquired signals to the optical communication module after simple data processing is performed on the acquired signals by the single chip microcomputer. And the optical communication module converts the electric signal sent by the singlechip into an optical signal of a third carrier. The optical communication module and the singlechip are powered by photocells.
The sensing monitoring device in this embodiment can obtain a plurality of environmental data through a plurality of sensor collection, carries out photoelectric conversion with data through optical communication module simultaneously in order to realize the signal modulation on the third carrier to in feeding back the transformer substation with the third carrier. In this embodiment, the third carrier has a wavelength of 1450nm, which can sufficiently distinguish signals between 1310nm and 1550nm, and frequency-shifted signals at 1550 nm. In other embodiments, different manners of band allocation of the first, second and third carriers may also be implemented taking into account the importance of the signals in the plurality of different bands, as well as the transmission and attenuation characteristics of the different bands of light.
Through the two-in-one function of the coupler on each tower, the embodiment realizes the output of the data on the current tower at 1450nm, the combination of the data and the 1450nm optical signal transmitted back by the next tower, and the data enters the single mode fiber after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer and is transmitted and fed back to the previous tower.
In step S03, after the sensing and monitoring device returns data, the wavelength division demultiplexing device disposed at the substation end may receive the second carrier and the frequency shift thereof, and the third carrier signal, respectively.
As one or more embodiments, the backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier is acquired based on a coherent light demodulation mode; in the coherent light demodulation mode, the intensity of the reference light signal is a preset multiple of the intensity of the third carrier.
In this embodiment, the backward frequency-shifted signal of the second carrier may be acquired based on coherent light demodulation commonly used in the prior art. This section will be specifically explained in example two. It should be noted that the present embodiment also specifies the multiple relationship between the reference light and the emitted light during coherent light demodulation.
As one or more embodiments, the preset multiple is preset based on a distance of the power transmission line, a stress of the optical fiber, and an ambient temperature. If the transmission line is long, or the attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber caused by stress and temperature is large, the preset multiple can be set to be small, that is, the reference light occupies a small proportion. In this embodiment, the reference light accounts for 10% of the light emitted by the laser.
As one or more embodiments, step S03 further includes: calculating the back frequency shift signal of the second carrier wave by adopting a pulse flight time method so as to obtain the incidence relation between the intensity of the Brillouin scattering spectrum in the back frequency shift signal and the transmission distance of the Brillouin scattering spectrum in the single-mode optical fiber; and acquiring the optical fiber strain in the single-mode optical fiber at a certain transmission distance based on the incidence relation and the current ambient temperature.
According to the definition of the optical fiber strain in the prior art, the intensity of the Brillouin frequency shift signal and the optical fiber strain amount have a linear relation, so that the estimated value of the optical fiber strain can be obtained according to the relation. It should be noted that, in order to acquire brillouin frequency shift signals at different fiber distances, a pulse time-of-flight method may be adopted to obtain a correlation between the fiber distance and the scattering spectrum intensity.
In one or more embodiments, the first parameter is environment data in the form of a vector D1＝[α,β,γ,δ,∈]In the formula, alpha is ambient wind speed, beta is ambient wind direction, gamma is ambient air pressure, delta is ambient temperature, and epsilon is ambient humidity; the second parameter is optical fiber strain data D2＝[λ，μ]In the formula, λ is the magnitude of the optical fiber strain, and μ is the optical fiber strain position corresponding to the magnitude of the optical fiber strain.
In this embodiment, the related parameters obtained through the steps of demultiplexing, demodulating, decoding, and the like in the above technical solution include two types, namely environment data and optical fiber strain data. Two different parameters are represented in a vector manner. Meanwhile, the common intelligent algorithms in the prior art can be adopted, the sufficient operation is realized based on the parameters acquired at different time points, and the optimal operation maintenance scheme of the power transmission line is solved.
Example two
The second embodiment of the disclosure introduces a multi-parameter sensing system for a power transmission line, which is used for realizing the multi-parameter sensing method for the power transmission line introduced in the first embodiment.
The power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system shown in fig. 3 comprises a transformer substation node, one or more power transmission line tower nodes and power transmission lines among the nodes; the power transmission line comprises a plurality of power transmission line tower nodes, a transformer substation node, one or more power transmission line tower nodes, a power transmission line, a first carrier, a second carrier and a third carrier, wherein the transformer substation node and the one or more power transmission line tower nodes are sequentially connected, the power transmission line is divided into a plurality of sections by the power transmission line tower nodes, and the first carrier, the second carrier and the third carrier are transmitted in single-mode fibers corresponding to each section of the plurality of sections of power transmission lines.
As shown in fig. 4, the network architecture of a substation node in the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system includes a host, a first carrier laser, a second carrier demodulator, an optical fiber strain monitoring unit, and a second wavelength division multiplexer; the first carrier laser, the second carrier demodulator and the optical fiber strain monitoring unit are respectively connected with the single-mode optical fiber through a multiplexing port of the second wavelength division multiplexer; the host is respectively connected with the output ports of the second carrier demodulator and the optical fiber strain monitoring unit; wherein, the first carrier laser can send 1310 nm's carrier to in a port transmission to single mode fiber through the second wavelength division multiplexing, the optical fiber strain monitoring unit also can send 1550 nm's carrier. And the second carrier demodulator receives a third carrier signal from the sensing monitoring device of the tower, and meanwhile, the optical fiber strain monitoring unit can also collect the second carrier subjected to frequency shift in a back direction.
It should be noted that, in the first embodiment, the first and second wavelength division multiplexers on each tower are described, where the first wavelength division multiplexer is used to demultiplex the uplink data and multiplex the downlink data. And the second wavelength division multiplexer multiplexes the uplink data and demultiplexes the downlink data at the same time. Therefore, according to the actual function of the wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer located in the substation or on the tower where the substation is located is also referred to as the second wavelength division multiplexer in the present embodiment. The first wavelength division multiplexer is not arranged on a local machine room of the transformer substation or a local tower of the transformer substation. Similarly, a tower located at the extreme end of the transmission line does not have a second wavelength division multiplexer, or the multiplexer does not have practical application meaning in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 5, the optical fiber strain monitoring unit in the electric transmission line multi-parameter sensing system includes a narrow linewidth laser, a first coupler, a second coupler, a pulse modulation unit, a scrambler, a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, an optical circulator, an optical detector, and a microwave frequency scanner; wherein, the narrow linewidth laser generates laser and respectively inputs the laser to the pulse modulation unit and the scrambler through the first coupler; the pulse modulation unit inputs the amplified laser into a single-mode optical fiber through a first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier and an optical circulator; after passing through a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a backward frequency shift signal of the single-mode fiber received by the optical circulator and output laser of the scrambler pass through a second coupler to be received by the optical detector and are forwarded to the microwave frequency scanner; the microwave frequency sweep device is connected with a host in the transformer substation node.
It will be appreciated that in the fibre-optic strain monitoring unit, the optical circulator enables the device to emit an amplified 1550nm laser and receive the returned scattered spectrum. The first coupler, scrambler, is capable of generating the relevant light to demodulate the scattered spectrum. By using the optical detector and the microwave frequency sweep device, the Brillouin scattering spectrum in a certain band range can be fully obtained.
As shown in fig. 6, the network architecture of the transmission line tower node in the transmission line multi-parameter sensing system includes a first wavelength division multiplexer, a second wavelength division multiplexer, an optical splitter, a coupler, and a sensing monitoring device; after receiving the input of the single mode fiber of the previous node, the first wavelength division multiplexer respectively inputs a first carrier wave into the optical splitter and inputs a second carrier wave into the wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the optical splitter is respectively connected with the input end of the sensing monitoring device and the second wavelength division multiplexer, so that optical splitting between the input signal of the local node and the input signal of the next node is realized; the second wavelength division multiplexer outputs the second carrier wave and the first carrier wave after light splitting to a next node in a multiplexing mode, and inputs the backward frequency shift signals of the third carrier wave and the second carrier wave to the coupler after receiving the input of the single-mode fiber of the next node; the input end of the coupler is respectively connected with the output end of the sensing monitoring device and the second wavelength division multiplexer, so that coupling between a local node output signal and a next node output signal is realized, and the output end of the coupler is connected with the first wavelength division multiplexer, so that a coupled signal is output to a previous node through the first wavelength division multiplexer.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment, the tower node realizes the transceiving of the local signal through the optical splitter and the sensing and monitoring device, and realizes the connection of the signal through another port of the optical splitter.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the disclosure introduces a multi-parameter sensing system of a power transmission line.
As shown in fig. 7, the multi-parameter sensing system for power transmission line includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first carrier and a second carrier of the substation node;
the extraction module is used for extracting the energy of the acquired first carrier wave to obtain a third carrier wave containing the sensing signal;
the sensing module is used for extracting the acquired backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier and sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal; sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the obtained modulation signal of the third carrier;
the combination module is used for combining the first parameter and the second parameter to obtain the operation information of the power transmission line;
wherein the first carrier, the second carrier, and the third carrier are all transmitted over a single mode fiber; the transmission directions of the first carrier and the second carrier are consistent and opposite to the transmission direction of the third carrier.
The detailed steps are the same as those of the transmission line multi-parameter sensing method provided in the first embodiment, and are not described again here.
Example four
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the transmission line multi-parameter sensing method according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
The detailed steps are the same as those of the transmission line multi-parameter sensing method provided in the first embodiment, and are not described again here.
EXAMPLE five
The fifth embodiment of the disclosure provides electronic equipment.
An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing method are realized.
The detailed steps are the same as those of the transmission line multi-parameter sensing method provided in the first embodiment, and are not described again here.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-parameter sensing method for a power transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a first carrier and a second carrier of a substation node;
extracting the energy of the acquired first carrier to obtain a third carrier containing a sensing signal;
extracting the acquired backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier, and sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal;
sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the obtained modulation signal of the third carrier;
combining the first parameter and the second parameter to obtain operation information of the power transmission line;
wherein the first carrier, the second carrier, and the third carrier are all transmitted over a single mode fiber; the transmission directions of the first carrier and the second carrier are consistent and opposite to the transmission direction of the third carrier.
2. The method for sensing the multiple parameters of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein in the process of acquiring the first carrier and the second carrier of the substation node, the first carrier and the second carrier are respectively acquired based on the substation node, and the first carrier and the second carrier acquired from the substation node are transmitted to a tower pole of the power transmission line through the single-mode fiber, so that the acquisition of the first carrier and the second carrier of the substation node is realized.
3. The electric transmission line multi-parameter sensing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pulse time-of-flight method is adopted to calculate a back frequency shift signal of the second carrier, and a correlation between the intensity of a brillouin scattering spectrum in the back frequency shift signal and the transmission distance of the brillouin scattering spectrum in the single-mode optical fiber is obtained; and acquiring optical fiber strain data on a certain transmission distance in the single-mode optical fiber based on the incidence relation and the ambient temperature.
4. The method for sensing the multiple parameters of the power transmission line according to claim 3, wherein the first parameter at least comprises environmental data, and the environmental data comprises an ambient wind speed, an ambient wind direction, an ambient air pressure, an ambient temperature and an ambient humidity; the second parameter is the optical fiber strain data, and the optical fiber strain data depends on the magnitude of optical fiber strain and the optical fiber strain position corresponding to the magnitude of optical fiber strain.
5. A multi-parameter sensing system of a power transmission line is characterized by being used for the multi-parameter sensing method of the power transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 4; the power transmission line multi-parameter sensing system comprises a transformer substation node, one or more power transmission line tower nodes and power transmission lines among the nodes; the transformer substation comprises a plurality of power transmission line tower nodes, wherein one transformer substation node is sequentially connected with one or more power transmission line tower nodes, and the power transmission line is divided into a plurality of sections by the plurality of power transmission line tower nodes; the first carrier, the second carrier and the third carrier are transmitted in a single mode fiber in each section of the multi-section transmission line.
6. The transmission line multi-parameter sensing system of claim 5, wherein the substation node comprises a host, a first carrier laser, a second carrier demodulator, an optical fiber strain monitoring unit and a second wavelength division multiplexer; the first carrier laser, the second carrier demodulator and the optical fiber strain monitoring unit are respectively connected with a single-mode optical fiber through a multiplexing port of the second wavelength division multiplexer; and the host is respectively connected with the second carrier demodulator and the output port of the optical fiber strain monitoring unit.
7. The transmission line multi-parameter sensing system of claim 5, wherein the transmission line tower nodes comprise a first wavelength division multiplexer, a second wavelength division multiplexer, an optical splitter, a coupler and a sensing monitoring device; the first wavelength division multiplexer receives the input of the single mode fiber of the previous node, inputs the first carrier wave to the optical splitter, and inputs the second carrier wave to the second wavelength division multiplexer; the output end of the optical splitter is respectively connected with the input end of the sensing monitoring device and the second wavelength division multiplexer; the second wavelength division multiplexer outputs the second carrier wave and the first carrier wave after light splitting to a next node in a multiplexing mode, receives the input of a single mode fiber of the next node at the same time, and inputs a third carrier wave and a second carrier wave back frequency shift signal to the coupler; and the input end of the coupler is respectively connected with the output end of the sensing monitoring device and the second wavelength division multiplexer.
8. A transmission line multi-parameter sensing system is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first carrier and a second carrier of the substation node;
the extraction module is used for extracting the energy of the acquired first carrier to obtain a third carrier containing the sensing signal;
the sensing module is used for extracting the acquired backward frequency shift signal of the second carrier and sensing a first parameter of the power transmission line based on the backward frequency shift signal; sensing a second parameter of the power transmission line based on the obtained modulation signal of the third carrier;
the combination module is used for combining the first parameter and the second parameter to obtain the operation information of the power transmission line;
wherein the first carrier, the second carrier, and the third carrier are all transmitted over a single mode fiber; the transmission directions of the first carrier and the second carrier are consistent and opposite to the transmission direction of the third carrier.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the transmission line multi-parameter sensing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for multi-parameter sensing of a power transmission line according to any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the program.
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