CN114657558A - Coal mining machine transmission shaft with modified surface and processing method - Google Patents
Coal mining machine transmission shaft with modified surface and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 78
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 65
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transmission shaft of a coal mining machine with a modified surface, which comprises a shaft body, wherein a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer is prepared on the surface of the shaft body by adopting a laser cladding method, a CrC/Cr working layer is prepared on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer by adopting the laser cladding method, the mass ratio of each component in the formed Cr/C/Fe bonding layer is 25-30% of C, 35-40% of Cr and 30-40% of Fe, and the mass ratio of each component in the formed CrC/Cr working layer is 20-30% of Cr and 70-80% of CrC. The invention also provides a processing method of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine with the modified surface. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the surface property of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine can be obviously improved, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of transmission shaft parts are improved, the service life of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine is effectively prolonged, the maintenance period and the service life of the whole machine are prolonged, and the use and maintenance cost of the coal mining machine is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a transmission shaft of a coal mining machine with a modified surface and a processing method, belonging to the technical field of mechanical part manufacturing.
Background
The coal mining machine is one of important devices for realizing mechanization and modernization of coal mine production. In the coal mining process, a working mechanism of the coal mining machine breaks down coal from a coal body (breaks coal) and loads the coal into a working face conveyor (loads coal), and the coal mining machine moves (pulls) at a set pulling speed, so that the coal breaking and loading processes can be continuously carried out. The coal mining machine can reduce the manual labor of workers in the coal mining process, improve the working safety and achieve the purposes of high yield, high efficiency and low consumption. The coal mining machine is a large-scale complex system integrating machinery, electricity and hydraulic pressure, the working environment is severe (the environment humidity is high, various corrosive media and dust are serious), if key parts such as a transmission shaft break down, the whole coal mining work can be interrupted, huge economic loss is caused, and great potential safety hazards can be caused to the personal safety of production personnel. Therefore, the design and use requirements of key parts such as a transmission shaft of the coal mining machine and the like are extremely strict.
Because the working condition of the coal mining machine is extremely severe, the main failure modes of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine are abrasive wear and corrosive wear, and in order to improve the surface comprehensive performance of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine, the ways of reducing the stress of the unit area of the transmission shaft and improving the strength of the unit area of the transmission shaft are generally adopted to improve the abrasion resistance and the reliability of the transmission shaft. However, reducing the surface stress of the transmission shaft by increasing the size of the transmission shaft increases the volume and weight of the whole production line of the coal mining machine, and is not very economical and feasible for the coal mining machine with strict requirements on the structure and size of the whole machine; at present, the most widely adopted surface treatment method is surface chromium plating to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surfaces of parts such as a transmission shaft and the like, but the bonding performance of a plating cauterization layer prepared by the method and a matrix is poor, the plating cauterization layer is easy to generate skin and bulge in the using process, the service life and the wear resistance can not meet the normal use requirements, and the effective service life is only 1-2 years. Therefore, the development of a new preparation process or method has important significance for prolonging the service life of the coal mining machine.
Since carbide ceramics have excellent characteristics such as high hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance, it is expected that the surface properties and the use effects of parts can be improved by preparing a carbide ceramic coating on the surface of the parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at various problems in the prior art, the invention provides the coal mining machine transmission shaft with the modified surface and the processing method, which can obviously improve the surface performance of the coal mining machine transmission shaft, improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of transmission shaft parts, effectively prolong the service life of the coal mining machine transmission shaft, prolong the maintenance period and service life of the whole machine and reduce the use and maintenance cost of the coal mining machine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine with the modified surface is characterized in that: the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer is prepared on the surface of the shaft body by a laser cladding method, the CrC/Cr working layer is prepared on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer by the laser cladding method, the mass ratio of all components in the formed Cr/C/Fe bonding layer is 25-30% of C, 35-40% of Cr and 30-40% of Fe, and the mass ratio of all components in the formed CrC/Cr working layer is 20-30% of Cr and 70-80% of CrC.
Further, the cladding method of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer comprises the following steps: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of a shaft, wherein C, Cr and Fe composite powder are used, the composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 1000-1500W, the scanning speed is 200-220mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 1.5-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 40-45%, the cladding thickness is 0.3-0.5mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 10-12L/min.
Further, the cladding method of the CrC/Cr working layer comprises the following steps: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, wherein the used Cr and CrC composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the scanning speed is 300-350mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3-3.5mm, the lap joint rate is 20-35%, the cladding thickness is 2-3mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 18-20L/min.
The invention also provides a processing method of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine with the modified surface, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, machining a transmission shaft body: quenching a transmission shaft part matrix blank → high-temperature tempering → rough machining;
s2, surface pretreatment of the transmission shaft body: removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surface of the workpiece, rinsing and drying;
s3, cladding a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of a shaft, wherein C, Cr and Fe composite powder are used, the composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 1000-1500W, the scanning speed is 200-220mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 1.5-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 40-45%, the cladding thickness is 0.3-0.5mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 10-12L/min;
s4, cladding a CrC/Cr working layer: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, wherein the used Cr and CrC composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the scanning speed is 300-350mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3-3.5mm, the lap joint rate is 20-35%, the cladding thickness is 2-3mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 18-20L/min;
s5, post-processing: after the workpiece is cooled, the stress relief tempering → the semi-finishing → the finishing are carried out.
Further, the blank material of the base body of the transmission shaft part is 40CrMn alloy steel or 35CrMo medium carbon alloy steel.
Furthermore, C, Cr and Fe composite powder are used for cladding the bonding layer in the step S3, and the diameter of the powder particles is 10-30 nm.
Further, the mixing time of the Cr/C/Fe powder used for cladding the bonding layer in the step S3 is 120-.
Further, Cr and CrC composite powder is used for cladding the working layer in the step S4, the particle diameter of the CrC powder is 40-60nm, and the particle diameter of the C powder is 10-30 nm.
Further, the Cr and CrC composite powder used for cladding the working layer in step S4 is ground and mixed by a ball mill for 150-.
After quenching, high-temperature tempering and rough machining of a transmission shaft part matrix, preparing a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer and a CrC/Cr working layer on the surface of the part by adopting a laser cladding method, and then performing stress relief tempering, semi-finishing and finishing. The manufactured transmission shaft part of the coal mining machine has the following structure: the surface of the part matrix is sequentially provided with a Cr/C/Fe cladding bonding layer and a CrC/Cr cladding working layer from inside to outside.
The surface modification method of the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine is carried out by a laser cladding method, carbide ceramics, metals and a laser cladding preparation technology are combined, and a Cr/C/Fe metal composite bonding layer is prepared on the surface of a workpiece by the laser cladding method, so that the performance difference between a subsequent working layer and a base material of a transmission shaft part can be relieved, the matching performance of the structure and the performance between the subsequent working layer and the base material can be improved, and the bonding performance between the laser cladding layer and the base material and the impact resistance of the working layer can be improved. In the cladded CrC/Cr working layer, a CrC carbide cladding layer has extremely high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, chemical stability and friction and abrasion resistance, and can improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of a part; the addition of Cr has the effect of solid solution strengthening, so that the frictional wear performance and impact resistance of the surface cladding layer are improved, cracks in the laser cladding process can be prevented from being generated and expanded, and the actual use performance and effect of the laser cladding layer are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the coal mining machine transmission shaft with the modified surface and the processing method can obviously improve the surface performance of the coal mining machine transmission shaft, improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of transmission shaft parts, effectively prolong the service life of the coal mining machine transmission shaft, prolong the maintenance period and service life of the whole machine and reduce the use and maintenance cost of the coal mining machine.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the surface structure of a transmission shaft part of a coal mining machine prepared in example 1.
In the figure: 1. a shaft body, 2, a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, 3 and a CrC/Cr working layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: according to the processing method of the coal mining machine transmission shaft with the modified surface, the base material of the coal mining machine transmission shaft is 40CrMn medium carbon alloy steel. After quenching, high-temperature tempering and rough machining of a transmission shaft part matrix, preparing a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer and a CrC/Cr working layer on the surface of the part by adopting a laser cladding method, and then performing stress relief tempering, semi-finishing and finishing.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) machining a transmission shaft: a transmission shaft part substrate blank → quenching (810-920 ℃, water cooling) → high-temperature tempering (550-600 ℃, water cooling) → rough machining (surface roughness Ra25 μm, machining size to lower tolerance limit);
(2) pretreatment of the surface of the part: removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of the parts, and drying;
(3) preparing Cr/C/Fe composite powder: the composite powder of C, Cr and Fe is adopted, the particle diameter is 10-30nm, and the weight percentages are respectively: 30%, 40% and 30%, and milling with a ball mill for 120 min.
(4) Preparing CrC/Cr composite powder: adopts composite powder of Cr and CrC, the CrC particle diameter is 40-60nm, the chromium carbide is a ready-to-use commercial mature powder product, is gray black powder, and has a common molecular formula of CrC or Cr3C2The weight percentages of Cr and CrC are respectively: 20 percent and 80 percent, and the grinding and mixing time by a ball mill is 120 min.
(5) Cladding a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer: introducing argon protective gas with the flow rate of 10L/min-10.5L/min; laser cladding Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, the cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1180W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-45%, the spot diameter of the laser is 1.5mm, and the cladding thickness is 0.3 mm;
(6) cladding a CrC/Cr working layer: introducing argon protective gas with the flow rate of 18L/min-19L/min; laser cladding CrC/Cr working layer, the cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2450 and 2500W, the scanning speed is 330 and 340mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3.5mm, the lap joint rate is 25 percent, and the cladding thickness is 3.0 mm;
(7) and (3) post-treatment: after the workpiece is cooled, stress relief tempering (440-470 ℃, air cooling) → lathe semi-finishing (surface roughness ra3.2 μm, machining dimension to lower tolerance limit) → grinding machine finishing (surface roughness ra0.8 μm, machining dimension to upper tolerance limit) is performed.
As shown in fig. 1, the transmission shaft part of the coal mining machine manufactured in the embodiment has the following structure: the surface of the part base body 1 is provided with a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer 2 and a CrC/Cr working layer 3 in sequence from the outside.
The laser cladding CrC/Cr layer prepared by the embodiment has the surface microhardness reaching HV1450-1510, which is nearly 3 times of the surface hardness (HV500-550) of the traditional heat treatment (quenching and low-temperature tempering) process and 2 times of the hardness (HV 670-750) of the traditional chromium coating; the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the part substrate reaches 120-135N, which is the bonding force (45-55N) of the traditional chromium coating layer/substrateAbout 2.5 times. Under the same friction experiment conditions (a ball disc friction wear testing machine performs reciprocating linear motion, a WC ball with the surface hardness of 15GPa is used as a grinding ball, the loading load is 80N, the friction speed is 6mm/s, and the friction time is 20min), the wear rate of the laser cladding CrC/Cr layer prepared by the invention is only 1.24-1.37 multiplied by 10-6 mm3N.m, the wear rate is reduced by 82-86% compared with the wear rate of the traditional chromium-plated part.
Example two: according to the processing method of the coal mining machine transmission shaft with the modified surface, the base material of the coal mining machine transmission shaft is 35CrMo medium carbon alloy steel. After quenching, high-temperature tempering and rough machining are carried out on a transmission shaft part substrate, a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer and a CrC/Cr working layer are prepared on the surface of the part by adopting a laser cladding method, and then stress relief tempering, semi-finishing and finishing are carried out.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) machining a transmission shaft: a transmission shaft part substrate blank → quenching (830-;
(2) pretreatment of the surface of the part: removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of the parts, and drying;
(3) preparing Cr/C/Fe composite powder: the composite powder of C, Cr and Fe is adopted, the particle diameter is 10-30nm, and the weight percentages are respectively: 25%, 35% and 40%, grinding and mixing time by ball mill is 120 min.
(4) Preparing CrC/Cr composite powder: the composite powder of Cr and CrC is adopted, the diameter of CrC particles is 40-60nm, and the weight percentages of Cr and CrC are respectively as follows: 30 percent and 70 percent, and the grinding and mixing time by a ball mill is 140 min.
(5) Cladding a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer: introducing argon protective gas with the flow rate of 11L/min-12L/min; laser cladding Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, the cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1200-;
(6) cladding a CrC/Cr working layer: introducing argon protective gas with the flow rate of 19L/min-20L/min; laser cladding CrC/Cr working layer, the cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2100-2200W, the scanning speed is 300-320mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3.0mm, the lap joint rate is 30 percent, and the cladding thickness is 2.5 mm;
(7) and (3) post-treatment: after the workpiece is cooled, stress-relief tempering (505 to 540 ℃, air cooling) → lathe semi-finishing (surface roughness ra1.6 μm, machining dimension to lower tolerance) → grinder finishing (surface roughness ra0.8 μm, machining dimension to lower tolerance) → surface grinding (surface roughness ra0.4 μm, machining dimension to upper tolerance).
The micro-hardness of the surface of the CrC/Cr laser cladding layer prepared by the embodiment reaches HV1410-1470, and the micro-hardness of the surface is increased by about 2 times compared with the surface hardness (HV470-494) of the traditional heat treatment (quenching and low-temperature tempering) process and is increased by more than 1 time compared with the hardness (HV 670-740) of the traditional chromium coating; the bonding strength of the cladding layer and the part substrate reaches 128-145N, which is improved by 1.5 times compared with the traditional chromium coating layer/substrate bonding force (45-55N). The cladding layer can still keep a good working state after continuously rubbing for 3 hours (a load is loaded by 80N, and the rubbing speed is 6 mm/s) under a heavy load condition, while the cladding layer is completely worn away after rubbing for 1 hour under the same condition of the traditional chromium-plated part.
Example three: according to the processing method of the coal mining machine transmission shaft with the modified surface, the base material of the coal mining machine transmission shaft is 35CrMo medium carbon alloy steel. After quenching, high-temperature tempering and rough machining of a transmission shaft part substrate, preparing a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer and a CrC/Cr working layer on the surface of the part by adopting a laser cladding method, and then performing stress relief tempering, semi-finishing and finishing.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) machining a transmission shaft: a transmission shaft part substrate blank → quenching (850-;
(2) pretreatment of the surface of the part: removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of the parts, and drying;
(3) preparing Cr/C/Fe composite powder: the composite powder of C, Cr and Fe is adopted, the particle diameter is 10-30nm, and the weight percentages are respectively: 28%, 38% and 34%, and mixing time of 120min by ball mill milling.
(4) Preparing CrC/Cr composite powder: the composite powder of Cr and CrC is adopted, the diameter of CrC particles is 40-60nm, and the weight percentages of Cr and CrC are respectively as follows: 25 percent and 75 percent, and the grinding and mixing time by a ball mill is 130 min.
(5) Cladding a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer: introducing argon protective gas with the flow rate of 11L/min-11.5L/min; laser cladding Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, the cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1300-1400W, the scanning speed is 210mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 2.0mm, the lap joint rate is 42 percent, and the cladding thickness is 0.35 mm;
(6) cladding a CrC/Cr working layer: introducing argon protective gas with the flow rate of 18L/min-19L/min; laser cladding CrC/Cr working layer, the cladding technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2300 plus 2400W, the scanning speed is 320 plus 330mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3.3mm, the lap joint rate is 32 percent, and the cladding thickness is 2.4 mm;
(7) and (3) post-treatment: after the workpiece is cooled, stress relief tempering (530 to 560 ℃, air cooling) → lathe semifinishing (surface roughness ra3.2 μm, machining dimension to lower tolerance) → grinder finishing (surface roughness ra1.6 μm, machining dimension to lower tolerance) → surface grinding (surface roughness ra0.8 μm, machining dimension to upper tolerance).
The micro-hardness of the surface of the CrC/Cr laser cladding layer prepared by the embodiment reaches HV1490-1550, and the micro-hardness of the surface is increased by about 2 times compared with the surface hardness (HV470-494) of the traditional heat treatment (quenching and low-temperature tempering) process and is increased by more than 1 time compared with the hardness (HV 670-740) of the traditional chromium coating; the bonding strength of the cladding layer and the part substrate reaches 130-150N, which is improved by 1.5 times compared with the bonding force (45-55N) of the traditional chromium coating layer/substrate. The cladding layer can still keep a good working state after continuously rubbing for 3 hours (the load is 80N, and the rubbing speed is 6 mm/s) under the heavy load condition, and the cladding layer is completely worn off after rubbing for 1 hour under the same condition of the traditional chromium-plated part.
In conclusion, the surface modification method can enhance the adhesion performance of the laser cladding layer and the substrate, and the binding force (45-55N) of the laser cladding layer/the substrate is improved by more than 1 time compared with the traditional chromium coating layer/substrate. The surface hardness of the part reaches more than HV1400, the hardness (HV500-550) is improved by 1.5-2 times compared with the hardness (HV500-550) of the traditional heat treatment (quenching and low-temperature tempering), the hardness (HV 670-750) of the traditional chromium coating is improved by 1-1.5 times, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the part are improved by more than 3 times, the friction wear and surface adhesion in the working process are reduced by more than 1 time, the service life of a transmission shaft of a coal mining machine is prolonged by 3-4 times, and the maintenance cost of the transmission shaft is reduced by more than 70%.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A coal mining machine transmission shaft with a modified surface is characterized in that: the shaft body is characterized in that a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer is prepared on the surface of the shaft body by a laser cladding method, a CrC/Cr working layer is prepared on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer by the laser cladding method, the mass ratio of all components in the formed Cr/C/Fe bonding layer is 25-30% of C, 35-40% of Cr and 30-40% of Fe, and the mass ratio of all components in the formed CrC/Cr working layer is 20-30% of Cr and 70-80% of CrC.
2. The shearer drive shaft with a modified surface of claim 1, wherein: the cladding method of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer comprises the following steps: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of a shaft, wherein C, Cr and Fe composite powder are used, the composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 1000-1500W, the scanning speed is 200-220mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 1.5-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 40-45%, the cladding thickness is 0.3-0.5mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 10-12L/min.
3. The shearer drive shaft with a modified surface of claim 2, wherein: the cladding method of the CrC/Cr working layer comprises the following steps: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, wherein the used Cr and CrC composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the scanning speed is 300-350mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3-3.5mm, the lap joint rate is 20-35%, the cladding thickness is 2-3mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 18-20L/min.
4. A method of processing the shearer drive shaft having a modified surface as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, machining a transmission shaft body: quenching a transmission shaft part substrate blank → high-temperature tempering → rough machining;
s2, surface pretreatment of the transmission shaft body: removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surface of the workpiece, rinsing and drying;
s3, cladding a Cr/C/Fe bonding layer: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of a shaft, wherein C, Cr and Fe composite powder are used, the composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 1000-1500W, the scanning speed is 200-220mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 1.5-2.5mm, the lap joint rate is 40-45%, the cladding thickness is 0.3-0.5mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 10-12L/min;
s4, cladding a CrC/Cr working layer: carrying out composite powder laser cladding on the surface of the Cr/C/Fe bonding layer, wherein the used Cr and CrC composite powder is sent into a laser molten pool through a synchronous powder feeder, the laser power is 2000-2500W, the scanning speed is 300-350mm/min, the spot diameter of the laser is 3-3.5mm, the lap joint rate is 20-35%, the cladding thickness is 2-3mm, argon is introduced into the molten pool in the scanning process to protect the molten pool, and the argon flow is 18-20L/min;
s5, post-processing: after the workpiece is cooled, the stress relief tempering → the semi-finishing → the finishing are carried out.
5. The method for processing the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine with the modified surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: the blank material of the transmission shaft part substrate is 40CrMn alloy steel or 35CrMo medium carbon alloy steel.
6. The method of processing a shearer drive shaft having a modified surface as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the bonding layer is clad in the step (S3) by using C, Cr and Fe composite powder, and the diameter of the powder particles is 10-30 nm.
7. The surface modification method for the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the Cr/C/Fe powder used for cladding the bonding layer in the step (S3) is ground and mixed for 120-140min by a ball mill.
8. The method of processing a shearer drive shaft having a modified surface as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the Cr and CrC composite powder is used for cladding the working layer in the step (S4), the particle diameter of the CrC powder is 40-60nm, and the particle diameter of the C powder is 10-30 nm.
9. The surface modification method for the transmission shaft of the coal mining machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the Cr and CrC composite powder used for cladding the working layer in the step (S4) is ground and mixed for 150-200min by a ball mill. .
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