CN114657479B - Hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, and manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, a manufacturing method and application thereof, wherein the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.03 to 0.05 percent; si: less than 0.25%; mn:0.50 to 0.75 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005%; cr:1.3 to 1.6 percent; ni:0.05 to 0.10 percent; cu:0.10 to 0.19 percent; alt:0.020 to 0.045 percent; 0.06 to 0.10 percent of V, 0.012 to 0.025 percent of N, 4 to 5 percent of V/N=and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; the corrosion-resistant steel plate has the advantages of high strength, high-low temperature toughness, stable low-temperature toughness, high corrosion resistance and the like, and is mainly used for manufacturing structural members in the industries of railway wagons, large-scale mine cars, bridges and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel materials, and particularly relates to hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, and a manufacturing method and application thereof.
Background
The corrosion resistant steel is widely applied to the fields of railway trucks, large-scale mine cars, bridges and the like, and has good low-temperature toughness due to long-period service in outdoor severe cold conditions. However, due to limitations such as small compression ratio and difficult accurate control of cooling speed in the thickness direction, the thick corrosion resistant steel is difficult to realize high strength, the grain size is difficult to accurately control, mixed crystal phenomenon is often generated, and the low-temperature impact power fluctuation phenomenon is always a technical problem in the industry, for example, the worst of three impact power single values is less than 20J at-40 ℃, and the extremely bad of the three single values exceeds 200J.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, a manufacturing method and application thereof, wherein the corrosion-resistant steel plate has the advantages of high strength, high low-temperature toughness, high corrosion resistance and the like, the difference value of three impact power single values is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, and the corrosion-resistant steel plate has good low-temperature toughness and stability and is mainly used for manufacturing structural members in the industries of railway wagons, large-scale mine cars, bridges and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a hot rolled corrosion resistant steel of high strength and excellent low temperature toughness in thick gauge, comprising the following chemical components in weight percent: c:0.03 to 0.05 percent; si: less than 0.25%; mn:0.50 to 0.75 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005%; cr:1.3 to 1.6 percent; ni:0.05 to 0.10 percent; cu:0.10 to 0.19 percent; alt:0.020 to 0.045 percent; 0.06-0.10% of V, 0.012-0.025% of N, 4-5% of V/N=and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The metallographic structure of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness is acicular ferrite, and the grain size grade is 10.5-11.5.
The thickness of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness is 18-25 mm; r of which is R eL ≥500MPa，R m ≥620MPa，A≥25％；-40℃KV 2 ≥220J；-60℃KV 2 More than or equal to 190J, the difference value of three single values is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, and the relative corrosion rate is less than 50% relative to Q345B steel.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the thick high-strength and low-temperature toughness hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel, which comprises the following steps: molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, slab heating, controlled rolling, controlled cooling and low-temperature coiling.
In the continuous casting step, in order to reduce center porosity and segregation, an electromagnetic roller and dynamic soft reduction are used in the continuous casting process, and the thickness of a casting blank obtained by continuous casting is 230-250 mm.
In the slab heating step, heating is carried out at a low temperature of 1130-1180 ℃ so as to inhibit abnormal coarsening of austenite grains and improve toughness.
The rolling control step adopts two-stage rolling, wherein the rough rolling temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the thickness of an intermediate billet obtained after rough rolling is 60-65 mm, the large rolling pressure is 60-70% in the finish rolling stage, and the final rolling temperature is 800-860 ℃; rolling into a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 18-25 mm.
In the controlled cooling step, laminar cooling is carried out after rolling, and the cooling speed is 25-35 ℃/s.
In the coiling step, the coiling temperature is 450-520 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness as steel for vehicles or bridges in severe cold environments.
The main chemical components in the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness provided by the invention act and are controlled as follows:
c: the high strength, high toughness matching and balance of the thick-gauge corrosion-resistant steel are closely related to the C content. In the invention, firstly, high strength is ensured through the solid solution strengthening effect of C with proper content; secondly, the whole design thought is mainly low carbon, the precipitation of VC is reduced, on the contrary, the low-temperature toughness is improved through the deliberate addition of N, the fine crystal strengthening, precipitation strengthening and other actions of a large amount of V (C, N) and the like; thirdly, the ratio of pearlite and bainite is closely related to the content of C, and the needle-shaped ferrite is used as a target structure, so that the content of C needs to be strictly controlled. Based on the three reasons, the content of C in the invention is strictly controlled to be 0.03-0.05%;
si: si can improve strength through solid solution strengthening effect and is an economic element for improving corrosion resistance, but higher content of Si is easy to cause strip oxygen pressing defect on the surface of the corrosion resistant steel plate, so Si is controlled to be less than 0.25%;
mn: mn remarkably improves the strength of thick corrosion resistant steel through solid solution strengthening, but high Mn can lead to a banded structure in a microstructure, the banded structure which is unevenly distributed is one of reasons for causing low-temperature toughness reduction, and meanwhile, mn with higher content can form MnS inclusion in the thickness center position of a casting blank so as to deteriorate impact toughness, so that the banded structure and the generation of MnS inclusion are reduced, and the Mn content is controlled to be 0.50-0.75%.
Cr, ni and Cu are added in a compound way: cr:1.3 to 1.6 percent; ni:0.05 to 0.10 percent; cu:0.10 to 0.19 percent. Through the synergistic effect of three corrosion resistant elements, especially the enrichment of Cr with higher content on the surface, a compact stable rust layer is formed, the diffusion of corrosive medium to a matrix is prevented, and the corrosion resistance of the material is improved. On the other hand, the addition of high-content (1.3-1.6%) Cr is beneficial to improving the stability of austenite before water cooling after finish rolling and inhibiting the formation of large-size proeutectoid ferrite at the low compression ratio of the core part of the thick-specification steel plate; meanwhile, the hardenability of the high Cr is obviously enhanced, so that the uniformity of the tissue performance and the performance stability in the full thickness direction are improved; ni is an element for remarkably improving low-temperature toughness, meanwhile, precipitation of Cu with a low-temperature melting point is inhibited, and higher content of Cu can cause segregation of a Cu-containing phase, so that uneven distribution of a precipitated phase is caused by massive or strip precipitation, and unstable impact energy is caused. Therefore, ni:0.05 to 0.10 percent; cu:0.10 to 0.19 percent.
V: the strong carbonitride forming element mainly utilizes the precipitation of V (C, N) to make up the strength deficiency caused by thick specification through fine crystal strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and simultaneously effectively improves the low-temperature toughness of the steel plate; the non-austenite recrystallization temperature is increased, the non-recrystallization region is enlarged, and ferrite grains can be effectively refined by rolling in the austenite non-recrystallization region; however, too high a content of V can lead to precipitation strengthening effect of V (C, N) being far greater than fine grain strengthening effect, and being unfavorable for improving toughness, so the V content is 0.06-0.10%;
n: n is a harmful element generally and is removed through vacuum degassing, but the content of nitrogen is intentionally increased mainly through the addition of vanadium-nitrogen alloy, and V (C, N) precipitation is formed through combination with vanadium, so that the dual functions of fine crystal strengthening and precipitation strengthening are achieved, and the high-strength and high-toughness matching of the thick-specification corrosion-resistant steel is realized. However, the higher the N content is, the better, on the one hand the N content causes the casting blank to loosen and segregate, and on the other hand the N content is not fully combined with V to form V (C, N). Therefore, the N is controlled to be in the range of 0.012 to 0.025%. V/N=4-5, and the nano VN particles smaller than 10nm can be fully dispersed and separated out in the proportion range, so that the optimal strong plastic matching is realized.
The invention designs the composition and the content of the components of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, and can obtain the thick-specification high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with good low-temperature toughness and stability under the traditional hot-rolled strip production process. In order to obtain good toughness matching, a low C+low Mn+medium Cr+vanadium nitrogen microalloying design is mainly adopted, and high strength is realized on the basis of reducing banded structure and pearlite content and enhancing hardenability and in addition, a large amount of V (C, N) is precipitated and strengthened in an austenite region; meanwhile, the low-temperature slab heating, the large intermediate slab thickness and the finish rolling under large pressure further reduce the coarsening of austenite grain size, increase the deformation of the austenite non-recrystallized region and obviously refine ferrite grains by taking V (C, N) as nucleation points. In addition, the organic combination of low carbon content, high cooling rate and low temperature coiling is to obtain a needle-shaped ferrite structure with uniform thickness direction, and compared with common F+P, the structure has higher density of dislocation and large angle grain boundary in the crystal, and can remarkably improve the low temperature toughness and the stability thereof.
Compared with the prior art, the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with the thickness of 18-25 mm, the thickness of the thick specification, the high strength and the excellent low-temperature toughness has the following advantages:
1) High strength and high plasticity: r is R eL ≥500MPa，R m More than or equal to 620MPa, and A is more than or equal to 25 percent; the cold bending forming performance is excellent, and no crack appears on the outer side surface of the bending sample after 180 degrees of cold bending (d=a);
2) High low temperature toughness: KV at-40 ℃ under 55 x 10mm specification 2 More than or equal to 220J; KV at-60 ℃ under 55 x 10mm specification 2 The difference value of the single value of three low-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 190J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, the ductile-brittle transition temperature has good low-temperature toughness and stability, the low-temperature service requirement of the corrosion resistant steel plate for railway vehicles, mine cars and bridges is met, and the relative corrosion rate is less than 50 percent compared with Q345B steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure morphology of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel in example 1 under an optical microscope, and the microstructure of the steel plate is mainly acicular ferrite, the grain size is 11.5 grade, and the uniform and refined acicular ferrite is obtained through the low-C+low-Mn+medium-Cr+vanadium-nitrogen microalloying and combined with a low-temperature coiling controlled rolling and cooling process, so that the steel plate has good low-temperature toughness on the basis of high strength and high plasticity;
FIG. 2 shows the morphology of the precipitated phase of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel in example 1 under a transmission electron microscope, the precipitated phase is in a regular spherical shape or an elliptic shape, the particle size is 5-20 nm, the energy spectrum analysis result is V (C, N), and the dispersed V (C, N) fully ensures the toughness matching of the thick corrosion-resistant steel under the strengthening actions of fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.03 to 0.05 percent; si: less than 0.25%; mn:0.5 to 0.75 percent; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005%; cr:1.3 to 1.6 percent; ni:0.05 to 0.10 percent; cu:0.10 to 0.19 percent; alt:0.020 to 0.045 percent; v: 0.06-0.10%, N0.012-0.025%, V/N=4-5, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The manufacturing method of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness comprises the following steps: molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, slab heating, controlled rolling, controlled cooling and low-temperature coiling;
1) Smelting, refining and continuous casting process
Molten steel smelting is carried out according to the chemical components, and a vacuum degassing refining process is not needed after the LF refining process. In order to reduce center porosity and segregation, an electromagnetic roller and dynamic soft reduction are used in the continuous casting process, and the thickness of a casting blank is 230 or 250mm. The N content in the steel is 120-250 ppm.
2) Slab heating, controlled rolling and controlled cooling process
The cast blank can be hot charged or cold charged into the furnace for reheating. Because the V (C, N) has lower complete solid solution temperature, the toughness is improved by adopting low-temperature heating at 1130-1180 ℃ in order to inhibit abnormal coarsening of austenite grains.
The heated billet is rolled into a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 18-25 mm through two stages of rough rolling and finish rolling. Rough rolling and finish rolling are carried out at 1020-1080 ℃, high reduction is adopted for finish rolling, the thickness of an intermediate billet is 60-65 mm, the initial rolling temperature of finish rolling is 1000-1060 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-860 ℃; after rolling, laminar cooling is carried out, the cooling speed is 25-35 ℃/s, and the coiling temperature is 450-520 ℃.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The chemical compositions and weight percentages of the hot rolled corrosion resistant steels in each of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical compositions of examples and comparative examples of the present invention
The main rolling process parameters of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 2 and the mechanical properties are shown in table 3.
Table 2 main process parameters of the rolling process of examples and comparative examples
Table 3 mechanical properties of examples and comparative examples
According to TB/T2375 'method for periodic infiltration corrosion test of weather-resistant Steel for railway', laboratory accelerated corrosion test is carried out on the steel types of each embodiment of the invention to simulate atmospheric environmental corrosion, and the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the steel compared with Q345B in a test period of 72 hours is shown in the table, so that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the alloy design adopting Cr+vanadium-nitrogen microalloying is superior to that of Nb/Nb+Ti microalloyed weather-resistant steel.
Table 4 atmospheric corrosion resistance of examples and comparative examples
| Control type | Average corrosion weight loss rate (g/m) 2 ·h) | Relative corrosion Rate (%) |
| Q345B comparative steel | 4.54 | 100 |
| Example 1 | 1.82 | 40 |
| Example 2 | 2.36 | 49 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.41 | 53 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.95 | 43 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2.04 | 45 |
| Comparative example 4 | 2.32 | 51 |
| Comparative example 5 | 2.13 | 47 |
| Comparative example 6 | 2.00 | 44 |
| Comparative example 7 | 2.22 | 49 |
| Comparative example 8 | 2.09 | 46 |
From the above data, R can be obtained under the scheme of the invention eL ≥500MPa，R m ≥620MPa，A≥25％；-40℃KV 2 ≥220J；-60℃KV 2 The difference value of three single values is more than or equal to 190J, the difference value is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, the high strength, the high low temperature toughness and the stability are high corrosion resistant, the hot rolled corrosion resistant steel with 18-25 mm thick specification and high strength and excellent low temperature toughness has the relative corrosion rate of less than 50 percent compared with the Q345B steel.
The foregoing detailed description of a hot rolled corrosion resistant steel having a high strength and excellent low temperature toughness, and a method of manufacturing and using the same, with reference to the examples, is illustrative and not restrictive, and several examples can be enumerated in the limited scope, so that variations and modifications may occur without departing from the general inventive concept.
Claims (9)
1. The hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03-0.05%; si: less than 0.25%; mn: 0.50-0.75%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005%; cr: 1.3-1.6%; ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10-0.19%; alt: 0.020-0.045%; v is 0.06-0.10%, N is 0.012-0.025%, V/N=4-5, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities;
the metallographic structure of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness is acicular ferrite, and the grain size is 10.5-11.5 grade;
the thickness of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with the thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness is 18-25 mm.
2. The thick high strength and low temperature toughness hot rolled corrosion resistant steel according to claim 1, wherein said thick high strength and low temperature toughness hot rolled corrosion resistant steel has R eL ≥500MPa，R m ≥620MPa，A≥25%；-40℃KV 2 ≥220J；-60℃KV 2 More than or equal to 190J, the difference value of three single values is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, and the steel is relative to Q345BThe relative corrosion rate is less than 50 percent.
3. The method for producing a thick gauge high strength and excellent low temperature toughness hot rolled corrosion resistant steel according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, slab heating, controlled rolling, controlled cooling and low-temperature coiling.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the continuous casting step, an electromagnetic roll and dynamic soft reduction are applied during continuous casting, and the thickness of the cast slab obtained by continuous casting is 230-250 mm.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the slab heating step is performed by heating at a low temperature of 1130 to 1180 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the controlled rolling step, the rough rolling temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate billet is 60-65 mm, and the final rolling temperature is 800-860 ℃; and rolling into a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 18-25 mm through two stages of rough rolling and finish rolling.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the controlled cooling step, laminar cooling is performed after rolling at a cooling rate of 25 to 35 ℃/s.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the winding step, the winding temperature is 450 to 520 ℃.
9. The use of a thick gauge high strength and excellent low temperature toughness hot rolled corrosion resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 as a steel for vehicles or bridges in severe cold environments.
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| CN101161843A (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2008-04-16 | 广州珠江钢铁有限责任公司 | Method for improving utilization ratio of V-N micro-alloying high-strength steel vanadium alloy |
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| CN103451562B (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-09-23 | 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 | Water power quenching and tempering type heavy thickness easily welds Z-direction high tensile steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN110578085A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-17 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hot-rolled steel plate with yield strength of 500MPa and atmospheric corrosion resistance |
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