CN114657479A - Thick-gauge high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with excellent low-temperature toughness and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Thick-gauge high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with excellent low-temperature toughness and manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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Abstract
The invention discloses thick-gauge high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with excellent low-temperature toughness, a manufacturing method and application thereof, wherein the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03-0.05%; si: less than 0.25 percent; mn: 0.50-0.75%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; cr: 1.3-1.6%; ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10 to 0.19 percent; and (3) Alt: 0.020-0.045%; 0.06 to 0.10% of V, 0.012 to 0.025% of N, 4 to 5% of V/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the corrosion-resistant steel plate has the advantages of high strength, high and low-temperature toughness, stable low-temperature toughness, high corrosion resistance and the like, and is mainly used for manufacturing structural members in the industries of railway wagons, large-sized mine cars, bridges and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel materials, and particularly relates to hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, and a manufacturing method and application thereof.
Background
The corrosion-resistant steel is widely applied to the fields of railway wagons, large mine cars, bridges and the like, and has good low-temperature toughness due to long-period service under outdoor severe cold conditions. However, thick corrosion-resistant steel is difficult to realize high strength and to accurately control the crystal grain size due to limitations such as a small compression ratio and difficulty in accurately controlling the cooling rate in the thickness direction, and the phenomenon of mixed crystals often occurs, and the low-temperature shock power fluctuation phenomenon thereof is a technical problem in the industry, and for example, the worst of three single values of shock power is less than 20J at-40 ℃, and the extreme difference of three single values exceeds 200J often occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide thick-gauge high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with excellent low-temperature toughness, a manufacturing method and application thereof, the corrosion-resistant steel plate has the advantages of high strength, high and low-temperature toughness, high corrosion resistance and the like, the single-value difference of three impact powers is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, and the corrosion-resistant steel plate has good low-temperature toughness and stability and is mainly used for manufacturing structural members in the industries of railway trucks, large-scale mine cars, bridges and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in thick specification comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03-0.05%; si: less than 0.25 percent; mn: 0.50-0.75%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; cr: 1.3-1.6%; ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10 to 0.19 percent; and (3) Alt: 0.020-0.045%; 0.06 to 0.10% of V, 0.012 to 0.025% of N, 4 to 5% of V/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The thick hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness has a metallographic structure of acicular ferrite and a grain size grade of 10.5-11.5.
The thickness of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness is 18-25 mm; r of whicheL≥500MPa，Rm≥620MPa，A≥25％；-40℃KV2≥220J；-60℃KV2More than or equal to 190J, the difference of the three single values is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, and the relative corrosion rate is less than 50 percent compared with Q345B steel.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, which comprises the following steps: molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → LF refining → continuous casting → slab heating → controlled rolling → controlled cooling → low temperature coiling.
In the continuous casting step, in order to reduce center porosity and segregation, an electromagnetic roller and dynamic soft reduction are added in the continuous casting process, and the thickness of a casting blank obtained by continuous casting is 230-250 mm.
In the slab heating step, low-temperature heating at 1130-1180 ℃ is adopted to inhibit abnormal coarsening of austenite grains and improve toughness.
The controlled rolling step adopts two-stage rolling, wherein the rough rolling temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the thickness of an intermediate blank obtained after rough rolling is 60-65 mm, the finish rolling stage is carried out under 60-70% of high pressure, and the finish rolling temperature is 800-860 ℃; rolling into a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 18-25 mm.
In the step of controlling cooling, laminar cooling is carried out after rolling, and the cooling speed is 25-35 ℃/s.
In the coiling step, the coiling temperature is 450-520 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness as steel for vehicles or bridges in severe cold environment.
The hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in the thick specification has the following main chemical components:
c: the high strength, high toughness match and balance of thick gauge corrosion resistant steels is closely related to the C content. In the invention, firstly, the solid solution strengthening effect of C with proper content is used for ensuring high strength; secondly, the overall design idea is mainly low carbon, so that the precipitation of VC is reduced, and instead, the low-temperature toughness is improved through the deliberate addition of N and the effects of fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the like of a large amount of V (C, N); thirdly, the ratio of pearlite and bainite tissues is closely related to the content of C, and the content of C needs to be strictly controlled because the acicular ferrite is taken as a target tissue. Based on the three reasons, the content of C is strictly controlled to be 0.03-0.05%;
si: si can improve the strength through the solid solution strengthening effect and is an economic element for improving the corrosion resistance, but the strip-shaped oxygen pressing defect of the surface of the corrosion-resistant steel plate is easily caused by the higher content of Si, so that the Si is controlled to be less than 0.25 percent;
mn: mn remarkably improves the strength of thick-gauge corrosion-resistant steel through a solid solution strengthening effect, but high Mn can generate a strip structure in a microstructure, the unevenly distributed strip structure is one of causes of low-temperature toughness reduction, meanwhile, high content of Mn can form MnS inclusions at the central position of the thickness of a casting blank to deteriorate impact toughness, and the content of Mn is controlled to be 0.50-0.75% in order to reduce the generation of the strip structure and the MnS inclusions.
Cr, Ni and Cu composite addition: cr: 1.3-1.6%; ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10 to 0.19%. Through the synergistic effect of the three corrosion resistant elements, particularly the high-content Cr is enriched on the surface to form a compact stable rust layer, so that the corrosion medium is prevented from diffusing to the matrix, and the corrosion resistance of the material is improved. On the other hand, the addition of high-content (1.3-1.6%) Cr is beneficial to improving the stability of austenite before water cooling after finish rolling and inhibiting the formation of large-size pro-eutectoid ferrite under the conditions of small compression ratio and low cooling speed of the core of the thick-specification steel plate; meanwhile, the hardenability of the steel is obviously enhanced by high Cr, so that the structural property uniformity and the property stability in the full-thickness direction are improved; ni is an element for remarkably improving low-temperature toughness, and simultaneously inhibits the precipitation of low-temperature melting point Cu, and the higher content of Cu can cause the segregation of Cu-containing phases, so that the blocky or strip precipitation causes the uneven distribution of precipitated phases, thereby causing the instability of impact energy. Therefore, Ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10 to 0.19%.
V: the steel plate mainly utilizes the precipitation of V (C, N) to make up the strength deficiency caused by thick specification through fine grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and simultaneously effectively improves the low-temperature toughness of the steel plate; the non-austenite recrystallization temperature is increased, a non-recrystallization area is enlarged, and ferrite grains can be effectively refined by rolling in the austenite non-recrystallization area; however, the V content is 0.06-0.10% because the precipitation strengthening effect of V (C, N) is far greater than the fine grain strengthening effect and is not beneficial to improving the toughness;
n: n is generally a harmful element and is removed by vacuum degassing, but in the application, the content of nitrogen is intentionally increased mainly by adding vanadium-nitrogen alloy, and V (C, N) precipitation is formed by combining with vanadium to play the double roles of fine grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening to realize high strength and high toughness matching of thick-specification corrosion-resistant steel. However, it is not preferred that the content of N is higher, and an excessively high content of N may cause, on the one hand, the porosity and segregation of the cast slab, and on the other hand, the excessively high content of N does not effectively combine with V to form V (C, N). Therefore, the range of N is controlled to be 0.012-0.025%. And V/N is 4-5, and the nanometer VN particles with the particle size less than 10nm can be fully dispersed and separated out in the proportioning range, so that the optimal strong plasticity matching is realized.
According to the invention, the thick-specification high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with good low-temperature toughness and stability can be obtained under the traditional hot-rolled plate strip production process by designing the component composition and content of the thick-specification high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with excellent low-temperature toughness. In order to obtain good toughness matching, the design of low C, low Mn, medium Cr and vanadium-nitrogen microalloying is mainly adopted, and high strength is realized on the basis of reducing the content of a banded structure and pearlite and enhancing hardenability and by precipitation strengthening of a large amount of V (C, N) in an austenite region; meanwhile, the low-temperature slab heating, the large intermediate slab thickness and the finish rolling under large pressure further reduce austenite grain size coarsening, increase austenite non-recrystallization zone deformation and obviously refine ferrite grains by taking V (C, N) as nucleation particles. In addition, the organic combination of low carbon content, high cooling speed and low-temperature coiling aims to obtain an acicular ferrite structure with uniform thickness direction, and compared with common F + P, the acicular ferrite structure has higher-density dislocation and large-angle grain boundaries in the crystal, and can obviously improve the low-temperature toughness and the stability thereof.
Compared with the prior art, the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with the thickness of 18-25 mm, the specification, the thickness, the specification and the high strength, and the excellent low-temperature toughness, provided by the invention, has the following advantages:
1) high strength and high plasticity: reL≥500MPa，RmMore than or equal to 620MPa, A more than or equal to 25 percent; the cold bending forming performance is excellent, and no crack appears on the outer side surface of a bent sample after 180-degree cold bending (d ═ a);
2) high and low temperature toughness: KV at-40 deg.C under 55X 10mm specification2Not less than 220J; KV at-60 ℃ under the specification of 55 x 10mm2More than or equal to 190J, the single value difference of the three low-temperature impact powers is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, the corrosion-resistant steel plate has good low-temperature toughness and stability, meets the low-temperature service requirement of the corrosion-resistant steel plate for railway vehicles, mine cars and bridges, and has a relative corrosion rate of less than 50 percent compared with Q345B steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure morphology of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel in example 1 under an optical microscope, and it can be seen that the microstructure of the steel plate is mainly acicular ferrite, the grain size is 11.5 grade, the invention obtains uniform and refined acicular ferrite by the low-C, low-Mn, medium-Cr, medium-vanadium-nitrogen microalloying and the controlled rolling and controlled cooling process of low-temperature coiling, and has good low-temperature toughness on the basis of high strength and high plasticity;
FIG. 2 shows the morphology of precipitated phases of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel in example 1 under a transmission electron microscope, wherein the precipitated phases are regular spheres or ellipses, the particle size is 5-20 nm, the energy spectrum analysis result is V (C, N), and the dispersed V (C, N) fully ensures the obdurability matching of thick corrosion-resistant steel under the strengthening effects of fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention provides thick-gauge high-strength hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with excellent low-temperature toughness, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.03-0.05%; si: less than 0.25 percent; mn: 0.5-0.75%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; cr: 1.3-1.6%; ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10 to 0.19 percent; and (3) Alt: 0.020-0.045%; v:0.06 to 0.10% of a metal element, 0.012 to 0.025% of N, 4 to 5% of V/N, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for manufacturing the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with thick specification, high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness comprises the following steps: molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → LF refining → continuous casting → slab heating → controlled rolling → controlled cooling → low-temperature coiling;
1) smelting, refining and continuous casting process
The molten steel is smelted according to the chemical components, and a vacuum degassing refining process is not needed after an LF refining process. In order to reduce center porosity and segregation, an electromagnetic roller and dynamic soft reduction are used in the continuous casting process, and the thickness of a casting blank is 230 mm or 250 mm. The content of N in the steel is 120-250 ppm.
2) Slab heating, controlled rolling and controlled cooling process
The casting blank can be charged into the furnace by hot charging or cold charging. Because the complete solid solution temperature of V (C, N) is lower, in order to inhibit the abnormal coarsening of austenite grains, the toughness is improved by heating at the low temperature of 1130-1180 ℃.
And rolling the heated billet into a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 18-25 mm through two stages of rough rolling and finish rolling. The rough rolling and finish rolling temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the finish rolling adopts high pressure, the thickness of an intermediate billet is 60-65 mm, the start rolling temperature of the finish rolling is 1000-1060 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is 800-860 ℃; and carrying out laminar cooling after rolling, wherein the cooling speed is 25-35 ℃/s, and the coiling temperature is 450-520 ℃.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The chemical compositions and weight percentages of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steels in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical compositions of inventive and comparative examples
The main rolling process parameters of the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 2, and the mechanical properties are shown in table 3.
Table 2 main process parameters of the rolling process of the examples and comparative examples
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of the examples and comparative examples
According to TB/T2375 periodic infiltration corrosion test method of weathering steel for railways, a laboratory accelerated corrosion test is carried out on steel grades of various embodiments of the invention to simulate atmospheric environment corrosion, the test period is 72h, and the atmospheric corrosion resistance compared with Q345B comparative steel is shown in the table, so that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the alloy design adopting Cr + vanadium nitrogen microalloying is better than that of Nb/Nb + Ti microalloying weathering steel.
TABLE 4 atmospheric corrosion resistance of the examples and comparative examples
| Type of control | Average corrosion weight loss rate (g/m)2·h) | Relative corrosion Rate (%) |
| Q345B comparative steel | 4.54 | 100 |
| Example 1 | 1.82 | 40 |
| Example 2 | 2.36 | 49 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.41 | 53 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.95 | 43 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2.04 | 45 |
| Comparative example 4 | 2.32 | 51 |
| Comparative example 5 | 2.13 | 47 |
| Comparative example 6 | 2.00 | 44 |
| Comparative example 7 | 2.22 | 49 |
| Comparative example 8 | 2.09 | 46 |
From the above data, it can be seen that R can be obtained under the scheme of the present inventioneL≥500MPa，Rm≥620MPa，A≥25％；-40℃KV2≥220J；-60℃KV2The hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel has the advantages that the single-value difference is more than or equal to 190J, the single-value difference is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel has high strength, high low-temperature toughness and stability, high corrosion resistance, high specification of thickness of 18-25 mm and excellent low-temperature toughness, and the relative corrosion rate is less than 50 percent compared with Q345B steel.
The above detailed description of a hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel of high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in thick gauge and the manufacturing method and application thereof with reference to the embodiments is illustrative and not restrictive, and several embodiments can be enumerated within the limited scope, so that changes and modifications without departing from the general concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel with high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in thick specification is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.03-0.05%; si: less than 0.25 percent; mn: 0.50-0.75%; p: less than or equal to 0.015 percent; s: less than or equal to 0.005 percent; cr: 1.3-1.6%; ni: 0.05-0.10%; cu: 0.10 to 0.19 percent; and (3) Alt: 0.020-0.045%; 0.06 to 0.10% of V, 0.012 to 0.025% of N, 4 to 5% of V/N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel having a high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel having a high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness as a thick gauge steel has a metallographic structure of acicular ferrite and a grain size of 10.5 to 11.5 grade.
3. The hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel having a high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in a thick gauge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel having a high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in a thick gauge is 18 to 25 mm; r of whicheL≥500MPa，Rm≥620MPa，A≥25％；-40℃KV2≥220J；-60℃KV2More than or equal to 190J, the difference of the three single values is less than 30J, the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than-60 ℃, and the relative corrosion rate is less than 50 percent compared with Q345B steel.
4. The method of manufacturing a hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel having a high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in a thick gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → LF refining → continuous casting → slab heating → controlled rolling → controlled cooling → low temperature coiling.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the continuous casting step, an electromagnetic roll and a dynamic soft reduction are applied during continuous casting, and the thickness of the cast slab obtained by continuous casting is 230 to 250 mm.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the slab heating step, low-temperature heating at 1130 to 1180 ℃ is used.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the controlled rolling step, the rough rolling temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the thickness of the intermediate billet is 60-65 mm, and the final rolling temperature is 800-860 ℃; and rolling the steel plate into a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 18-25 mm in two stages of rough rolling and finish rolling.
8. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein in the controlled cooling step, laminar cooling is performed after rolling at a cooling rate of 25 to 35 ℃/s.
9. The production method according to claim 4, wherein in the winding step, the winding temperature is 450 to 520 ℃.
10. Use of the hot-rolled corrosion-resistant steel having high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness in thick gauge according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as a steel for vehicles or bridges in a severe environment.
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