CN114656987B - Low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal - Google Patents
Low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal Download PDFInfo
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- CN114656987B CN114656987B CN202210431175.2A CN202210431175A CN114656987B CN 114656987 B CN114656987 B CN 114656987B CN 202210431175 A CN202210431175 A CN 202210431175A CN 114656987 B CN114656987 B CN 114656987B
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
- C10B49/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B51/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
- C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment, which comprises a steam generation chamber, a drying chamber and a carbonization chamber, wherein a spiral feeding device is arranged at the inlet end of the drying chamber, a spiral discharging device is arranged at the outlet end of the drying chamber, and the outlet end of the spiral discharging device is communicated with the carbonization chamber; the inside steam generating device that is equipped with of steam generating chamber, steam generating chamber are connected with the superheater, and the exit end and the drying chamber inside intercommunication of superheater. The spiral feeding device penetrates through the steam generation chamber, and the spiral feeding device can absorb heat energy of the steam generation chamber. The invention adopts the superheated steam to dry the garbage, has the advantages of high drying speed, good drying quality, good safety, reduced volume of equipment and waste gas discharge, environmental protection, sterilization and disinfection effects and the like, and the superheated steam can improve the overall temperature of the garbage, is beneficial to carbonizing the garbage in the carbonization chamber and obtaining biochar, and realizes recycling of resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment.
Background
Urban household garbage is one of the most serious environmental problems currently faced by cities in China, and how to effectively treat the urban household garbage is a focus of attention of governments and people. Domestic garbage is not only a waste, but also organic substances in the garbage are important renewable resources. The treatment of household garbage is not only an important environmental problem, but also a resource recycling problem. At present, the harmless treatment of domestic garbage in China mainly comprises a composting method, a landfill method and an incineration method.
The composting method utilizes microorganisms to aerobically or anaerobically degrade organic matters in the garbage, and the final product humus can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner. The method has the advantages of low technical content and strong practicability, can reduce the waste by more than 40 percent, but has low quality of the product serving as the fertilizer, large occupied area, long treatment period and secondary pollution such as percolate, odor and the like in the composting process.
The landfill method is a process of converting organic substances in household garbage into methane and carbon dioxide by utilizing a microorganism anaerobic fermentation principle. The seepage-proofing materials are paved at the depressions, the large pits, the slopes and the bottom surface, the air guide system is arranged in the garbage, so that the air generated in the fermentation process can be smoothly discharged and utilized, the drainage pipeline is paved at the bottom to discharge the generated percolate, and the treated percolate reaches the standard and is discharged. The method has the advantages that: large processing capacity, simple operation, strong adaptability, etc. The defects are as follows: the floor area is large, the land resource is wasted, and the treatment cost is increased by treating the percolate.
The incineration method is a more traditional treatment method, the incineration temperature is controlled to be about 850 ℃, and the volume of the incinerated garbage can be reduced by more than 90 percent. The garbage incineration is usually combined with high-temperature pyrolysis and melting treatment to further reduce the amount of the garbage so as to facilitate landfill, so that land can be saved, various pathogenic bacteria are eliminated, garbage is harmless, and heat energy is recovered. However, the incineration method generally selects a grate furnace or a circulating fluidized bed furnace, and the equipment has the characteristics of large investment, high operation cost and the like in the use process, and a large amount of pollutants such as acid gas, dioxins and the like are easy to generate in the combustion process, and the flue gas contains more fly ash, so that secondary pollution is easy to cause to the whole environment. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem to be solved in the technical field of garbage disposal at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment comprises a steam generation chamber, a drying chamber and a carbonization chamber, wherein a spiral feeding device is arranged at the inlet end of the drying chamber, a spiral discharging device is arranged at the outlet end of the drying chamber, and the outlet end of the spiral discharging device is communicated with the carbonization chamber; the inside of the steam generation chamber is provided with a steam generation device, the steam generation chamber is connected with a superheater, and the outlet end of the superheater is communicated with the inside of the drying chamber; the spiral feeding device penetrates through the steam generation chamber, and the spiral feeding device can absorb heat energy of the steam generation chamber.
As an alternative of the present invention, the steam generating device includes an electric heating tube wound around an outer wall of the screw feeding device and extending in a length direction of the screw feeding device, and the electric heating tube is used for heating water in the steam generating chamber to generate steam.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, a piston is arranged in the steam generating chamber, a first cavity and a second cavity are respectively arranged at two sides of the piston, a steam generating device is arranged in the first cavity, and a pushing device is arranged in the second cavity and used for pushing the piston to move so as to enable the piston to compress the second cavity.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, the pushing device comprises a pushing screw, the steam generating chamber is provided with a threaded hole matched with the pushing screw, one end of the pushing screw is connected with a rotary connector, the rotary connector is fixed on the piston, and one end of the pushing screw penetrates through the threaded hole to be connected with a rotary handle.
As an alternative of the present invention, the drying chamber is provided with a catalyst adding means for adding a catalyst including aluminum hydroxide, urea, kaolin and diatomaceous earth into the drying chamber.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, a stirring device is arranged in the drying chamber and comprises a stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is connected with a stirring driving mechanism, auger blades and a plurality of stirring rods are arranged on the surface of the stirring shaft, scraping plates attached to the inner wall of the drying chamber are arranged at the end parts of the stirring rods, and the scraping plates at the end parts of two adjacent stirring rods are arranged in a staggered mode.
As an alternative of the present invention, the blade includes a squeegee blade and a grip plate, one side of the grip plate is connected to the stirring shaft, and the other side of the grip plate is connected to the squeegee blade.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, the bottom of the drying chamber is provided with an annular superheated steam injection pipe, the superheated steam injection pipe is provided with a plurality of spray heads, and a superheated steam output pipe is connected between the outlet end of the superheater and the superheated steam injection pipe.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, a steam recovery pipe is connected between the top of the drying chamber and the steam generation chamber, and the steam recovery pipe is provided with a dust removing device and a one-way valve.
As an alternative of the present invention, the carbonization chamber is connected with a gas collection chamber, and the gas collected by the gas collection chamber is used as the combustion gas of the carbonization chamber.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment, wherein a spiral feeding device penetrates through a steam generation chamber, so that the spiral feeding device can directly absorb heat of the steam generation chamber, garbage in the spiral feeding device is preheated, the preheated garbage enters a drying chamber, the garbage is dried by superheated steam output by a superheater, and the dried garbage enters the carbonization chamber to realize carbonization. The invention adopts the superheated steam to dry the garbage, has the advantages of high drying speed, good drying quality, good safety, reduced volume of equipment and waste gas discharge, environmental protection, sterilization and disinfection effects and the like, and the superheated steam can improve the overall temperature of the garbage, is beneficial to carbonizing the garbage in the carbonization chamber and obtaining biochar, and realizes recycling of resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a drying chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a steam generation chamber; 2-a drying chamber; 3-carbonization chamber; 4-spiral feeding device; 5-a spiral discharging device; 6-superheater; 7-an electric heating tube; 8-a piston; 9-a first cavity; 10-a second cavity; 11-pushing means; 12-a catalyst addition device; 13-stirring device; 14-a stirring shaft; 15-a stirring driving mechanism; 16-auger blades; 17-stirring rod; 18-a squeegee blade; 19-clamping plates; 20-superheated steam injection pipe; 21-a spray head; 22-superheated steam outlet pipe; 23-a steam recovery pipe; 24-dust removing device.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment, which comprises a steam generation chamber 1, a drying chamber 2 and a carbonization chamber 3, wherein the steam generation chamber 1 is used for generating high-temperature steam, and the high-temperature steam can be used for drying garbage, so that thermal cracking carbonization of the garbage is facilitated.
The inlet end of the drying chamber 2 is provided with a spiral feeding device 4, the spiral feeding device 4 is provided with a feeding hole, garbage is added from the feeding hole, and the garbage is input into the drying chamber 2 through the spiral feeding device 4. The outlet end of the drying chamber 2 is provided with a spiral discharging device 5, the outlet end of the spiral discharging device 5 is communicated with the carbonization chamber 3, the dried garbage is discharged from the outlet end of the drying chamber 2 and is input into the carbonization chamber 3 through the spiral discharging device 5, the garbage can be carbonized at high temperature in the carbonization chamber 3, and finally pyrolytic coke can be obtained. The steam generation chamber 1 is sleeved outside the spiral feeding device 4, the spiral feeding device 4 penetrates through the steam generation chamber 1, heat energy of the steam generation chamber 1 can be transferred to the spiral feeding device 4, the outer wall of the spiral feeding device 4 is cylindrical, the steam generation chamber 1 is sleeved outside the spiral feeding device 4, and therefore the spiral feeding device 4 can directly absorb heat of the steam generation chamber 1, and accordingly garbage preheating treatment in the spiral feeding device 4 is achieved. The invention makes full use of energy and saves the carbonization cost of garbage.
The inside steam generating device that is equipped with of steam generating chamber 1, steam generating chamber 1 are connected with superheater 6, the exit end of superheater 6 with drying chamber 2 inside intercommunication. The high-temperature steam generated by the steam generating device is input into the superheater 6, superheated steam can be obtained after the steam is heated by the superheater 6, and the superheated steam is conveyed into the drying chamber 2 to realize the drying treatment of the garbage.
The invention provides a low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment, wherein a spiral feeding device 4 penetrates through a steam generation chamber 1, so that the spiral feeding device 4 can directly absorb heat of the steam generation chamber 1, garbage in the spiral feeding device 4 is preheated, the preheated garbage enters a drying chamber 2, the garbage is dried by superheated steam output by a superheater 6, and the dried garbage enters a carbonization chamber 3 to realize carbonization. The invention adopts the superheated steam to dry the garbage, has the advantages of high drying speed, good drying quality, good safety, reduced volume of equipment and waste gas discharge, environmental protection, sterilization and disinfection effects and the like, and the superheated steam can improve the overall temperature of the garbage, is beneficial to carbonizing the garbage in the carbonization chamber and obtaining biochar, and realizes recycling of resources.
As shown in fig. 1, the steam generating device includes an electric heating tube 7, the electric heating tube 7 is wound on the outer wall of the spiral feeding device 4 and extends along the length direction of the spiral feeding device 4, the electric heating tube 7 is used for heating water in the steam generating chamber 1 to generate steam, meanwhile, the spiral feeding device 4 can directly absorb heat of the electric heating tube 7, and the heat is transferred to garbage in the spiral feeding device 4, so that a garbage preheating function is realized, and garbage treatment efficiency can be accelerated.
The steam generating chamber 1 is internally provided with a piston 8, two sides of the piston 8 are respectively provided with a first cavity 9 and a second cavity 10, the first cavity 9 is internally provided with a steam generating device, the second cavity 10 is provided with a pushing device 11, and the pushing device 11 is used for pushing the piston 8 to move so that the piston 8 compresses the second cavity 10 to reduce the pressure of the first cavity 9. The steam generation chamber 1 is rectangular, the first cavity 9 is positioned at the bottom of the second cavity 10, the electric heating tube 7 is arranged in the first cavity 9, meanwhile, a certain amount of water is stored in the first cavity 9 in advance, the electric heating tube 7 is submerged in the water, after the electric heating tube 7 is electrified, the water can be heated to generate high-temperature steam, and the high-temperature steam can be obtained through the superheater 6. The pushing means 11 can push the piston 8 up and down, thereby adjusting the volumes of the first chamber 9 and the second chamber 10. When a sufficient amount of high temperature steam is generated in the first cavity 9, the piston 8 can be moved upwards by the pushing device 11, the piston 8 compresses the second cavity 10, the volume of the first cavity 9 is increased, the pressure of the first cavity 9 is reduced, the boiling point of water in the first cavity 9 can be reduced, the water can quickly generate the steam, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Specifically, the pushing device 11 comprises a pushing screw, the steam generating chamber 1 is provided with a threaded hole matched with the pushing screw, one end of the pushing screw is connected with a rotary connector, the rotary connector is fixed on the piston 8, and one end of the pushing screw penetrates through the threaded hole to be connected with a rotary handle. The rotary handle is fixedly connected with the pushing screw rod, the pushing screw rod is rotated by the rotary handle, so that the pushing screw rod stretches into or stretches out of the steam generation chamber 1, the position of the piston 8 is adjusted, and the boiling point of water in the first cavity 9 is adjusted.
In this embodiment, the drying chamber 2 is provided with a catalyst adding device 12, the catalyst adding device 12 is used for adding a catalyst into the drying chamber 2, and after the catalyst and the garbage are mixed in the drying chamber 2, the carbonization process of the garbage can be catalyzed and controlled in the carbonization chamber 3, so that the generation of coke products is promoted, and the yield of the coke products is improved. Preferably, the catalyst comprises aluminum hydroxide, urea, kaolin, and diatomaceous earth. The aluminum hydroxide can generate strong endothermic reaction when heated, and can inhibit the rapid decomposition of organic matters, thereby being beneficial to the carbonization reaction, and aluminum oxide generated by decomposing the aluminum hydroxide is covered on the surface of garbage, so that the volatilization of the organic matters can be further inhibited, and the carbonization of the organic matters is promoted; in addition, a large amount of free radicals are generated in the pyrolysis process of the organic matters, reactions such as rearrangement, pyrolysis, oxidation reduction, polymerization and the like are generated among the free radicals to maintain the carbonization reaction, and urea endothermic decomposition products in the catalyst can capture the free radicals and inhibit chain reactions of the free radicals, so that the generation of volatile organic matters is inhibited, and the yield of coke is further improved; in addition, the kaolin and the diatomite in the catalyst can synergistically promote the catalytic effect of aluminum hydroxide and urea, and are also beneficial to subsequent treatment processes such as compression molding of coke. The invention can effectively realize the pyrolysis carbonization of the garbage with high carbon fixation rate, thereby facilitating the reduction treatment of the garbage.
As shown in fig. 2, a stirring device 13 is disposed in the drying chamber 2, the stirring device 13 includes a stirring shaft 14, the stirring shaft 14 is connected with a stirring driving mechanism 15, the stirring driving mechanism 15 adopts a servo motor, a packing auger blade 16 and a plurality of stirring rods 17 are disposed on the surface of the stirring shaft 14, scraping plates attached to the inner wall of the drying chamber 2 are disposed at the ends of the stirring rods 17, and the scraping plates at the ends of two adjacent stirring rods 17 are disposed in a staggered manner. The auger blade 16 and the stirring rod 17 are mutually matched, so that the evaporation of water in the garbage is facilitated, the rapid mixing of the garbage and the catalyst is facilitated, and the generation of coke products in the carbonization chamber 3 is facilitated. In the drying chamber 2, the scrapers at the end parts of the two adjacent stirring rods 17 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the garbage and the catalyst adhered to the inner wall of the drying chamber 2 can be scraped, the mixing uniformity of the garbage and the catalyst can be improved, and the inner wall of the drying chamber 2 can be kept clean.
Specifically, the scraping plate comprises a rubber scraping blade 18 and a clamping plate 19, one side of the clamping plate 19 is connected with the stirring shaft 14, and the other side of the clamping plate 19 is connected with the rubber scraping blade 18. The rubber wiper 18 does not damage the inner wall of the drying chamber 2 and can effectively scrape the garbage and catalyst from the inner wall of the drying chamber 2.
The bottom of the drying chamber 2 is provided with an annular superheated steam injection pipe 20, the superheated steam injection pipe 20 is provided with a plurality of spray heads 21, and a superheated steam output pipe 22 is connected between the outlet end of the superheater 6 and the superheated steam injection pipe 20. The superheated steam can be sprayed into the drying chamber 2 by the plurality of spray heads 21 at the same time, so that the drying effect of the garbage is enhanced, the superheated steam generated by the superheater 6 is conveyed into the drying chamber 2 by the superheated steam output pipe 22, the superheated steam moves from bottom to top in the drying chamber 2, and the garbage moves from top to bottom in the drying chamber 2, so that the garbage can be fully dried by the superheated steam. A steam recovery pipe 23 is connected between the top of the drying chamber 2 and the steam generation chamber 1, and a dust removing device 24 and a one-way valve are arranged on the steam recovery pipe 23. The steam in the drying chamber 2 is recovered through a steam recovery pipe 23, and the steam is treated by a dust removing device 24 and then returned to the steam generating chamber 1 again, so that the recycling of water resources is realized.
In this embodiment, the carbonization chamber 3 is connected with a gas collection chamber, and the gas collected by the gas collection chamber is used as the combustion gas of the carbonization chamber 3. The carbonization chamber 3 is connected with a discharging device, the discharging device is connected with a fertilizer making chamber, and the fertilizer making chamber is provided with a microbial agent adding device and a uniformly mixing device. The coke product (biochar) is a highly aromatic substance obtained by pyrolyzing biomass in an anoxic or anaerobic environment, is loose and porous and has large surface area, after being applied to soil, the coke product (biochar) not only can increase organic substances in the soil, but also can strongly adsorb ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and other water-soluble salt nutrient ions on the large specific surface, thereby effectively regulating the circulation of nutrient elements such as soil N, P, K and improving the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil. The garbage is converted into biochar, and the biochar is buried underground after being mixed with microorganisms, so that the carbon is sealed and stored in soil, the reasonable utilization of the garbage is realized, the problem of global warming is solved, the garbage recycling can be safely realized, and the garbage recycling method has remarkable environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be a mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing terms are of specific significance in the present invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, etc. described in the examples are included in at least one embodiment and those of skill in the art may combine features of different embodiments without contradiction. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific examples, and embodiments which can be suggested to those skilled in the art without inventive effort according to the basic technical concept of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage treatment comprises a steam generation chamber (1), a drying chamber (2) and a carbonization chamber (3), and is characterized in that a spiral feeding device (4) is arranged at the inlet end of the drying chamber (2), a spiral discharging device (5) is arranged at the outlet end of the drying chamber (2), and the outlet end of the spiral discharging device (5) is communicated with the carbonization chamber (3); the steam generation device is arranged in the steam generation chamber (1), the steam generation chamber (1) is connected with a superheater (6), and the outlet end of the superheater (6) is communicated with the interior of the drying chamber (2); the spiral feeding device (4) penetrates through the steam generation chamber (1), and the spiral feeding device (4) can absorb heat energy of the steam generation chamber (1); the steam generating device comprises an electric heating tube (7), wherein the electric heating tube (7) is wound on the outer wall of the spiral feeding device (4) and extends along the length direction of the spiral feeding device (4), and the electric heating tube (7) is used for heating water in the steam generating chamber (1) to generate steam; the drying chamber (2) is provided with a catalyst adding device (12), and the catalyst adding device (12) is used for adding a catalyst into the drying chamber (2), wherein the catalyst comprises aluminum hydroxide, urea, kaolin and diatomite; be equipped with agitating unit (13) in drying chamber (2), agitating unit (13) are including (14) stirring axle, (14) are connected with stirring actuating mechanism (15), and (14) surface is equipped with auger blade (16) and a plurality of puddler (17), and the tip of a plurality of puddler (17) all is equipped with the scraper blade with drying chamber (2) inner wall laminating, and the scraper blade dislocation set of two adjacent puddler (17) tip.
2. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein a piston (8) is arranged in the steam generation chamber (1), a first cavity (9) and a second cavity (10) are respectively arranged at two sides of the piston (8), a steam generation device is arranged in the first cavity (9), a pushing device (11) is arranged in the second cavity (10), and the pushing device (11) is used for pushing the piston (8) to move.
3. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal according to claim 2, wherein the pushing device (11) comprises a pushing screw, the steam generation chamber (1) is provided with a threaded hole adapted to the pushing screw, one end of the pushing screw is connected with a rotary connector, the rotary connector is fixed on the piston (8), and one end of the pushing screw is connected with a rotary handle through the threaded hole.
4. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein the scraper comprises a rubber scraper (18) and a clamping plate (19), one side of the clamping plate (19) is connected with the stirring shaft (14), and the other side of the clamping plate (19) is connected with the rubber scraper (18).
5. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the drying chamber (2) is provided with a ring-shaped superheated steam injection pipe (20), the superheated steam injection pipe (20) is provided with a plurality of spray heads (21), and a superheated steam output pipe (22) is connected between the outlet end of the superheater (6) and the superheated steam injection pipe (20).
6. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein a steam recovery pipe (23) is connected between the top of the drying chamber (2) and the steam generation chamber (1), and a dust removing device (24) and a one-way valve are arranged on the steam recovery pipe (23).
7. The low-pressure high-temperature steam thermal cracking carbonization system for garbage disposal according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization chamber (3) is connected with a gas collection chamber, and the gas collected by the gas collection chamber is used as the combustion gas of the carbonization chamber (3).
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