CN114649923B - Induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system - Google Patents
Induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114649923B CN114649923B CN202011509155.XA CN202011509155A CN114649923B CN 114649923 B CN114649923 B CN 114649923B CN 202011509155 A CN202011509155 A CN 202011509155A CN 114649923 B CN114649923 B CN 114649923B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/18—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators for generating AC power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/085—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators with conducting liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/16—Constructional details of the magnetic circuits
Abstract
According to the induction type thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid power generator is coupled in a resonance tube of a multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, and heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of working media in the thermoacoustic engine through thermoacoustic effect, so that liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid power generator is pushed to reciprocate. Under the action of an externally-applied constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal flowing back and forth in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, so that an alternating magnetic field in the axial direction of the flow channel is generated, further, the alternating magnetic field induces electromotive force in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline, and electric energy output can be realized through externally connecting a load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system.
Background
When an axial temperature gradient exists in a pipeline and the temperature gradient is large enough, spontaneous reciprocating oscillation is generated in the pipeline, and the spontaneous reciprocating oscillation pumps heat at a high temperature end to a low temperature end and simultaneously converts part of heat into mechanical energy of reciprocating oscillation, and the mechanical motion of the reciprocating oscillation and sound waves have a plurality of similar points, so the mechanical energy is also called sound energy. This is the implementation principle of the thermo-acoustic effect. A thermo-acoustic engine is an energy conversion device that directly converts thermal energy into acoustic energy using thermo-acoustic effects. The device has the advantages of high reliability, long service life and the like because of no mechanical moving parts; the heat engine belongs to an external combustion type heat engine, so that the heat engine has the advantage of good energy adaptability, and can utilize various heat sources such as nuclear energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat, biomass energy and the like; traveling wave thermo-acoustic engines are potentially thermally efficient because they are based on reversible thermodynamic cycles.
The magnetohydrodynamic power generation technology is a power generation technology capable of converting mechanical energy into electric energy, and has wide application in the fields of space power generation and the like because mechanical moving parts are not needed in the energy conversion process of the power generation technology and the energy conversion efficiency is high. According to the difference of current extraction modes, the magnetohydrodynamic generator can be divided into two types of conduction type and induction type. In a conductive magnetohydrodynamic generator, current is drawn from electrodes on both sides of a working medium channel; in an induction magnetohydrodynamic generator, current is drawn from a coil wound outside the working fluid channel. Working media in the magnetohydrodynamic generator are conductive fluids, and plasma gas and liquid metal are widely used at present. For the magnetohydrodynamic generator using plasma gas as a working medium, the ionization of the gas needs a high temperature, so the working temperature of the magnetohydrodynamic generator is often more than 2000K, which puts high requirements on the heat resistance of the material, and meanwhile, the magnetohydrodynamic generator cannot use a heat source with a low temperature. On the other hand, since the electric conductivity of the ionized gas is poor, an easily ionized substance such as potassium, cesium and the like needs to be added as a seed to improve the electric conductivity of the plasma gas, which causes corrosion of an electrode in the conductive magnetohydrodynamic generator, and meanwhile, the recovery of the seed is also a great difficulty. The magnetohydrodynamic generator using liquid metal as a working medium has low working temperature because the liquid metal has no high-temperature ionization requirement; because of the high conductivity of the liquid metal, it is also unnecessary to introduce "seeds", and thus there are no difficulties associated with "seeds".
The thermoelectric conversion device without mechanical moving parts can be formed by combining the thermoacoustic engine and the liquid metal magnetic fluid generator, and the power generation device combines the characteristics of the thermoacoustic engine and the liquid metal magnetic fluid generator, has high reliability, long service life, high energy conversion rate and wide energy source adaptability, and can be widely applied to various thermoelectric power generation occasions.
Patents US4599551 (a), CN101282074B, CN106533119a each disclose a thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation system using a different thermoacoustic engine. In US4599551 (a) a standing wave thermo-acoustic engine is used as the drive source and liquid metal is used as the working medium in the whole generator. Since the standing wave thermo-acoustic engine is based on an irreversible thermodynamic cycle, its potential efficiency is lower; because the thermo-acoustic engine uses liquid metal as working medium, the design difficulty and the manufacturing cost are high; because the working frequency of the liquid thermo-acoustic engine is very high and can reach 1kHz, the working frequency is very different from the mains frequency (50-60 Hz), and the actual utilization is not facilitated; the axial heat conduction loss of the thermo-acoustic engine is large due to the high thermal conductivity of the liquid metal, which reduces its thermoelectric efficiency to some extent. Based on the above-mentioned shortcomings, patent CN101282074B proposes an improvement. The scheme uses a traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine as a driving source, and working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine is gas, and the working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine and the working medium in the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator are separated by gravity or an elastic membrane. However, the thermo-acoustic engine used in the system is a traditional traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, the volume and weight of the resonance tube are large, and the loss is serious; meanwhile, as the system uses the conduction type magnetohydrodynamic generator, the output current is large, the voltage is small, and the requirements of power transmission and load use cannot be well met. For this reason, patent CN106533119a proposes a further improvement. The scheme uses a single-stage loop traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine as a driving source, simultaneously separates a working medium flow passage in a conduction type magnetohydrodynamic generator into a plurality of layers of annular flow passages, electrodes are respectively arranged in each layer of flow passages, and the electrodes in each layer of flow passages are connected in series to increase output voltage. However, this system still suffers from the following disadvantages: firstly, the working medium flow channel in the magnetohydrodynamic generator is divided into a plurality of layers of flow channels, and the electrodes are respectively arranged, so that the structure of the whole system becomes complex, and the processing and assembling difficulties are high; second, since the output voltage is proportional to the number of runner layers, a large number of runners are required to obtain a large output voltage, which increases the viscosity loss of flow; third, since the electrodes are arranged inside the flow channels, the electrode leads need to be connected to external loads through small holes on the pipes, which brings about certain assembly and sealing problems; fourth, the system can only output single-phase alternating current, and in practical application, there are often occasions where multi-phase alternating current is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magneto fluid multiphase ac power generation system which overcomes the disadvantages of the existing thermo-acoustic liquid metal magneto fluid power generation system that the output current is large, the voltage is small, and the multiphase ac power cannot be output, and the magneto fluid power generator has a complex structure, large flow loss and difficult sealing and assembly.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an induction thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic multiphase ac power generation system comprising: the system comprises a multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine and a multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, wherein working media in the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator are low-melting-point liquid metals;
the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine comprises a plurality of thermo-acoustic conversion units which are connected in series to form a loop, wherein each thermo-acoustic conversion unit comprises a main room temperature heat exchanger, a heat regenerator, a heater, a thermal buffer tube, a secondary room temperature heat exchanger, a reducer tube and a resonance tube which are sequentially connected, the resonance tubes of two adjacent thermo-acoustic conversion units are in a U-shaped tube shape, and the U-shaped tubes are vertically arranged, so that liquid metal forms a gas-liquid interface with a gas working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine under the action of gravity;
the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator comprises a plurality of induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units, any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units is arranged in the U-shaped tube, the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units comprise permanent magnets, magnetic cores, magnetic supports, yokes, coils and nonmagnetic materials, the magnetic supports are arranged on the peripheries of the magnetic cores and used for supporting the magnetic cores and conducting magnetic force, the permanent magnets are arranged on the peripheries of the magnetic cores, the coils are wound on the peripheries of the permanent magnets, the nonmagnetic materials are arranged on the two sides of the permanent magnets and the two sides of the coils and used for isolating the permanent magnets and the yokes, and the yokes and the magnetic supports are correspondingly arranged to form a magnetic loop;
the external heat source heats the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine through the heater, the circulating cooling water cools the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine through the main chamber temperature heat exchanger, so that an axial temperature gradient is established by the gas working medium in the heat regenerator, when the axial temperature gradient is greater than a critical temperature gradient, self-excited oscillation is generated in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine unit, a heat energy part provided by the external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of the reciprocating oscillation of the gas working medium, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to liquid metal through a gas-liquid interface to push the liquid metal to reciprocate in the U-shaped pipe;
meanwhile, the permanent magnet, the magnetic core, the magnetic support and the yoke establish a radial constant magnetic field in an annular flow channel around the magnetic core, wherein the flow path of most magnetic induction lines is as follows: the permanent magnet returns to the permanent magnet through the liquid metal in the annular flow passage, the magnetic core, the magnetic support, the yoke and the coil in sequence, and under the action of the constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is generated in the annular flow passage around the magnetic core, and the annular current flows around the circumference of the magnetic core; the alternating annular current further generates an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core, the alternating magnetic field enables magnetic flux in the coil to periodically fluctuate and change, induced electromotive force can be generated in the coil according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and electric energy can be output through an external load.
In some embodiments, the working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine is a gas, the gas is helium or nitrogen, and the low-melting-point liquid metal is sodium or sodium-potassium alloy or gallium indium tin alloy.
In some embodiments, the two ends of the magnetic core have smooth curved structures capable of playing a role in diversion.
In some embodiments, the left and right magnetic supports are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the magnetic core, the 3 magnetic supports on each side are axially and symmetrically arranged along the axis of the magnetic core, the magnetic supports play a role in fixedly supporting the magnetic core and conducting magnetic force, and the magnetic supports are of streamline structures.
In some of these embodiments, the winding direction of the coil coincides with the annular current direction and is perpendicular to the pipe axial direction and the constant magnetic field direction, respectively.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine comprises at least N thermo-acoustic conversion units, N is greater than or equal to 3, and each thermo-acoustic conversion unit is 360 DEG/N out of phase.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator comprises M induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units, wherein M is greater than or equal to 3.
In some embodiments, an elastic membrane is mounted at the gas-liquid interface, and separates the gas working medium in the thermo-acoustic conversion unit from the liquid metal in the induction liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator unit.
In some embodiments, the working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine is gas or liquid metal, and the gas is helium or nitrogen.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the induction type thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid power generator is coupled in a resonance tube of a multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, and heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of working media in the thermoacoustic engine through thermoacoustic effect, so that liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid power generator is pushed to reciprocate. Under the action of an externally-applied constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal flowing back and forth in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, so that an alternating magnetic field in the axial direction of the flow channel is generated, further, the alternating magnetic field induces electromotive force in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline, and electric energy output can be realized through externally connecting a load.
In addition, the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the invention can conveniently adjust the output voltage and current by changing the number of turns of the coil of the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid power generator, so that the use requirements of power transmission and load are met; and the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator in the system is simple to assemble and easy to seal because the electrode is not used.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the embodiments of the present invention or the drawings used in the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid three-phase ac power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an induction liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid three-phase ac power generation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid three-phase ac power generation system provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
reference numerals: 11. a main room temperature heat exchanger; 12. a regenerator; 13. a heater; 14. a thermal buffer tube; 15. a secondary room temperature heat exchanger; 16. a reducer pipe; 17. a resonance tube; 18. an elastic film; 21. a permanent magnet; 22. a magnetic core; 23. a magnetic support; 24. a yoke; 25. a coil; 26. a non-magnetic material.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase ac power generation system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention includes: the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine 1 and the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator 2, wherein working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine is gas, the gas is helium or nitrogen, and the working medium in the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator is low-melting-point liquid metal. The structural composition of each unit and its operation are described in detail below.
Specifically, the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine 1 includes a plurality of thermo-acoustic conversion units 10 connected in series to form a loop, each thermo-acoustic conversion unit 10 includes a main room temperature heat exchanger 11, a regenerator 12, a heater 13, a thermal buffer tube 14, a secondary room temperature heat exchanger 15, a reducer tube 16 and a resonance tube 17, which are sequentially connected, a U-shaped tube is formed between the resonance tubes 17 of two adjacent thermo-acoustic conversion units 10, and the U-shaped tube is vertically placed, so that a liquid metal forms a gas-liquid interface with a gas working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine under the action of gravity.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units 20 is disposed in the U-shaped tube, and any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units 20 includes a permanent magnet 21, a magnetic core 22, a magnetic support 23, a yoke 24, a coil 25 and a non-magnetic material 26, wherein the magnetic support 23 is mounted on the periphery of the magnetic core 22 for supporting the magnetic core 22 and conducting magnetic flux, the permanent magnet 21 is disposed on the periphery of the magnetic core 22, the coil 25 is wound on the periphery of the permanent magnet 21, the non-magnetic material 26 is disposed on both sides of the permanent magnet 21 and the coil 25 for isolating the permanent magnet 21 and the yoke 24, and the yoke 24 is disposed corresponding to the magnetic support 23 to form a magnetic circuit.
In some embodiments, the two ends of the magnetic core 22 have a smooth curved structure that can perform a diversion function, so as to reduce the resistance of the magnetic core 22 to the flow of the liquid metal and the turbulence of the flow of the liquid metal.
Specifically, the magnetic support 23 is mounted on the periphery of the magnetic core 22 and is used for supporting the magnetic core 22 and conducting magnetic force.
In some embodiments, the magnetic supports 23 are 3 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the magnetic core 22, and the 3 magnetic supports 23 on each side are axially symmetrically arranged along the axis of the magnetic core 22, and play a role of fixedly supporting the magnetic core 22 and magnetic conduction, so that the liquid metal is acted by a unidirectional constant magnetic field, and only unidirectional annular currents are generated at specific moments, so that magnetic fields generated by the annular currents in different directions are prevented from canceling each other; further, the magnetic support 23 is of streamlined configuration to reduce its effect on the flow of liquid metal.
The non-magnetic material 26 is disposed on both sides of the permanent magnet 21 and the coil 25, thereby fixing the coil 25 and the permanent magnet 21, and the yoke 24 is disposed corresponding to the magnetic bracket 23, so as to form a magnetic circuit.
The working mode of the induction type thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system is as follows:
the external heat source heats the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine through the heater 13, the circulating cooling water cools the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine through the main chamber temperature heat exchanger 11, so that the gas working medium in the heat regenerator 12 establishes an axial temperature gradient, when the axial temperature gradient is greater than a critical temperature gradient, self-excited oscillation is generated in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, the heat energy provided by the external heat source is partially converted into mechanical energy for the reciprocating oscillation of the gas working medium, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to liquid metal through a gas-liquid interface to push the liquid metal to reciprocate in the U-shaped pipe;
meanwhile, the permanent magnet 21, the magnetic core 22, the magnetic support 23 and the yoke 24 establish a radial constant magnetic field in an annular flow channel around the magnetic core 22, wherein the flow path of most magnetic induction lines is as follows: the permanent magnet 21 returns to the permanent magnet 21 through the liquid metal in the annular flow passage, the magnetic core 22, the magnetic support 23, the yoke 24 and the coil 25 in sequence, and under the action of the constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is generated in the annular flow passage around the magnetic core 22, and the annular current flows around the circumference of the magnetic core 22; the alternating toroidal current further generates an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core 22, the alternating magnetic field causes the magnetic flux in the coil 25 to periodically fluctuate, and according to the law of electromagnetic induction, induced electromotive force can be generated in the coil 25, and electric energy can be output through an external load.
It will be appreciated that the annular flow path is a flow path between the permanent magnet 21 and the magnetic core 22, and the annular current flows along the circumference of the magnetic core 22.
It will be appreciated that the non-magnetic material 26 may be used to isolate the permanent magnet 21 from the yoke 24 to increase the reluctance therebetween and thereby increase the radially constant magnetic field in the annular flow passage.
In some of these embodiments, the winding direction of the coil 25 coincides with the annular current direction and is perpendicular to the pipe axial direction and the constant magnetic field direction, respectively.
It will be appreciated that the toroidal current in the liquid metal, the core 22 and the coil 25 actually form a transformer which converts low voltage, high current electrical energy in the liquid metal into high voltage, low current electrical energy which is more suitable for practical use.
Furthermore, the output voltage and the output current can be conveniently adjusted by changing the number of turns of the coil of the induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, so that the requirements of power transmission and load use are met.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine comprises at least N thermo-acoustic conversion units, N is greater than or equal to 3, and each thermo-acoustic conversion unit is 360 DEG/N out of phase.
In this embodiment, the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine includes 3 thermo-acoustic conversion units, and since the phase differences of the three thermo-acoustic conversion units are 120 ° respectively, the phase differences of the electric energy output from the three induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generators are 120 ° respectively, and the three induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generators are connected in parallel, so that three-phase alternating current can be output.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator comprises M induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units, wherein M is greater than or equal to 3.
According to the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator is coupled in a resonance tube of a multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of working media in the thermo-acoustic engine through thermo-acoustic effect, and liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator is pushed to reciprocate. Under the action of an externally-applied constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal flowing back and forth in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, so that an alternating magnetic field in the axial direction of the flow channel is generated, further, the alternating magnetic field induces electromotive force in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline, and electric energy output can be realized through externally connecting a load.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase ac power generation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown, and only the differences from embodiment 1 are described below.
It will be appreciated that in embodiment 1, the gas working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine and the liquid metal in the magnetohydrodynamic generator form a gas-liquid interface by gravity, which limits the reliability and applicability of the power generation system to some extent, for example, in the case of marine power generation with relatively large vibration and in the case of outer space with relatively low or no gravitational acceleration, the solution in embodiment 1 cannot be used.
In the embodiment 2, on the basis of the embodiment 1, the elastic membrane 18 is installed at the gas-liquid interface to separate the gas working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine from the liquid metal in the magnetohydrodynamic generator, so that the whole power generation system does not depend on gravity to run, and further, the system can be suitable for more power generation occasions.
According to the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator is coupled in a resonance tube of a multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of working media in the thermo-acoustic engine through thermo-acoustic effect, and liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator is pushed to reciprocate. Under the action of an externally-applied constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal flowing back and forth in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, so that an alternating magnetic field in the axial direction of the flow channel is generated, further, the alternating magnetic field induces electromotive force in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline, and electric energy output can be realized through externally connecting a load.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase ac power generation system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention is shown, and only the differences from embodiment 1 are described below.
In the embodiment 3, on the basis of the embodiment 1, liquid metal is also used as a working medium for the thermo-acoustic engine, so that an elastic membrane is not required to be used for controlling a gas-liquid interface, the reliability and the service life of a power generation system are further improved, and the reliability and the service life are important for application occasions such as space power generation.
According to the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator is coupled in a resonance tube of a multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, and heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of liquid metal reciprocating motion in the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator through thermo-acoustic effect. Under the action of an externally-applied constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal flowing back and forth in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, so that an alternating magnetic field in the axial direction of the flow channel is generated, further, the alternating magnetic field induces electromotive force in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline, and electric energy output can be realized through externally connecting a load.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention as will occur to those skilled in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system, comprising: the system comprises a multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine and a multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, wherein working media in the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator are low-melting-point liquid metals;
the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine comprises a plurality of thermo-acoustic conversion units which are connected in series to form a loop, wherein each thermo-acoustic conversion unit comprises a main room temperature heat exchanger, a heat regenerator, a heater, a thermal buffer tube, a secondary room temperature heat exchanger, a reducer tube and a resonance tube which are sequentially connected, the resonance tubes of two adjacent thermo-acoustic conversion units are in a U-shaped tube shape, and the U-shaped tubes are vertically arranged, so that liquid metal forms a gas-liquid interface with a gas working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine under the action of gravity;
the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator comprises a plurality of induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units, any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units is arranged in the U-shaped tube, the induction type liquid metal magnetic fluid generator units comprise permanent magnets, magnetic cores, magnetic supports, yokes, coils and nonmagnetic materials, the magnetic supports are arranged on the peripheries of the magnetic cores and used for supporting the magnetic cores and conducting magnetic force, the permanent magnets are arranged on the peripheries of the magnetic cores, the coils are wound on the peripheries of the permanent magnets, the nonmagnetic materials are arranged on the two sides of the permanent magnets and the two sides of the coils and used for isolating the permanent magnets and the yokes, and the yokes and the magnetic supports are correspondingly arranged to form a magnetic loop;
the external heat source heats the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine through the heater, the circulating cooling water cools the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine through the main chamber temperature heat exchanger, so that an axial temperature gradient is established by the gas working medium in the heat regenerator, when the axial temperature gradient is greater than a critical temperature gradient, self-excited oscillation is generated in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, a heat energy part provided by the external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of the reciprocating oscillation of the gas working medium, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to liquid metal through a gas-liquid interface to push the liquid metal to reciprocate in the U-shaped pipe;
meanwhile, the permanent magnet, the magnetic core, the magnetic support and the yoke establish a radial constant magnetic field in an annular flow channel around the magnetic core, wherein the flow path of most magnetic induction lines is as follows: the permanent magnet returns to the permanent magnet through the liquid metal in the annular flow passage, the magnetic core, the magnetic support, the yoke and the coil in sequence, and under the action of the constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is generated in the annular flow passage around the magnetic core, and the annular current flows around the circumference of the magnetic core; the alternating annular current further generates an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core, the alternating magnetic field enables magnetic flux in the coil to periodically fluctuate and change, induced electromotive force can be generated in the coil according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and electric energy can be output through an external load.
2. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine is gas, the gas is helium or nitrogen, and the low melting point liquid metal is sodium or sodium-potassium alloy or gallium indium tin alloy.
3. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein two ends of the magnetic core are smooth curved surface structures capable of playing a role of diversion.
4. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the left and right magnetic supports are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the magnetic core, the 3 magnetic supports on each side are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the magnetic core and play a role in fixedly supporting the magnetic core and conducting magnetic force, and the magnetic supports are of streamline structures.
5. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the winding direction of the coil is consistent with the annular current direction and is perpendicular to the pipeline axial direction and the constant magnetic field direction respectively.
6. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine comprises at least N thermo-acoustic conversion units, N is equal to or greater than 3, and each thermo-acoustic conversion unit is different in phase by 360 DEG/N.
7. An induction thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase ac power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multistage induction liquid metal magnetofluid generator comprises M induction liquid metal magnetofluid generator units, M being equal to or greater than 3.
8. An induction thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase ac power generation system as defined in claim 1, wherein an elastic membrane is mounted at the gas-liquid interface, the elastic membrane separating the gas working medium in the thermoacoustic conversion unit from the liquid metal in the induction liquid metal magnetofluid generator unit.
9. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine is gas or liquid metal, and the gas is helium or nitrogen.
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