CN114649923A - Induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system - Google Patents
Induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/18—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators for generating AC power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/085—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators with conducting liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
- H02K44/16—Constructional details of the magnetic circuits
Abstract
The invention provides an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system, which couples an induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator in a resonant tube of a multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, converts heat energy provided by an external heat source into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of a working medium in the thermoacoustic engine through thermoacoustic effect, and pushes liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator to reciprocate. Under the action of an external constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal which flows in a reciprocating mode in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, an alternating magnetic field along the axial direction of the flow channel is further generated, further, an electromotive force is induced in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline by the alternating magnetic field, and the output of electric energy can be achieved through an external load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system.
Background
When an axial temperature gradient exists in a pipeline and the temperature gradient is large enough, spontaneous reciprocating oscillation is generated in the pipeline, the spontaneous reciprocating oscillation pumps heat at a high temperature end to a low temperature end and simultaneously converts partial heat into mechanical energy of reciprocating oscillation, and the mechanical motion and sound wave of the reciprocating oscillation have many similar points and are also called sound energy. This is the principle of realization of the thermo-acoustic effect. The thermoacoustic engine is an energy conversion device which directly converts heat energy into sound energy by using thermoacoustic effect. Because the device has no mechanical moving parts, the device has the advantages of high reliability, long service life and the like; the heat engine belongs to an external combustion heat engine, so the heat engine has the advantage of good energy adaptability, and can utilize various heat sources such as nuclear energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat, biomass energy and the like; the traveling wave thermoacoustic engine is based on reversible thermodynamic cycle, so that the potential thermal efficiency is high.
The magnetohydrodynamic power generation technology is a power generation technology capable of converting mechanical energy into electric energy, and has wide application in the fields of space power generation and the like because mechanical moving parts are not needed in the energy conversion process of the power generation technology and the energy conversion efficiency is high. According to different current leading-out modes, the magnetohydrodynamic generator can be divided into a conduction type and an induction type. In the conduction type magnetohydrodynamic generator, current is led out from electrodes on two sides of a working medium channel; in an induction type magnetohydrodynamic generator, current is led out by a coil wound outside a working medium channel. The working medium in the magnetohydrodynamic generator is conductive fluid, and plasma gas and liquid metal are widely used at present. For the magnetohydrodynamic generator using plasma gas as working medium, the ionization of the gas needs very high temperature, so the working temperature of the magnetohydrodynamic generator is often above 2000K, which puts high requirements on the heat resistance of the material, and meanwhile, the magnetohydrodynamic generator cannot utilize a heat source with lower temperature. On the other hand, because the conductivity of the ionized gas is relatively poor, potassium, cesium and other easily-ionized substances are required to be added to the ionized gas to be used as seeds to improve the conductivity of the plasma gas, which can cause the corrosion of electrodes in the conduction type magnetohydrodynamic generator, and meanwhile, the recovery of the seeds is also a great problem. The magnetofluid generator using the liquid metal as the working medium has low working temperature because the liquid metal does not have the requirement of high-temperature ionization; due to the high conductivity of the liquid metal, it is also not necessary to introduce "seeds" and therefore there are no difficulties with "seeds".
The thermo-acoustic engine and the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator are combined to form a thermoelectric conversion device without mechanical moving parts, the power generation device combines the characteristics of the thermo-acoustic engine and the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, and has the advantages of high reliability, long service life, high energy conversion rate and wide energy source adaptability, so the power generation device can be widely applied to various thermal power generation occasions.
Patents US4599551(a), CN101282074B and CN106533119A each disclose a thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation system, and thermoacoustic engines used in the systems are different. US4599551(a) uses a standing wave thermoacoustic engine as a drive source and uses liquid metal as a working medium throughout the generator. Because the standing wave thermoacoustic engine is based on irreversible thermodynamic cycle, the potential efficiency of the standing wave thermoacoustic engine is low; because the thermoacoustic engine uses liquid metal as a working medium, the design difficulty and the manufacturing cost are higher; the working frequency of the liquid thermoacoustic engine is very high, and can reach 1kHz, and the difference from the commercial power frequency (50-60 Hz) is very large, so that the liquid thermoacoustic engine is not beneficial to practical utilization; due to the high thermal conductivity of liquid metal, the axial thermal conduction loss of the thermoacoustic engine is large, which reduces its thermoelectric efficiency to some extent. In view of the above disadvantages, patent CN101282074B proposes an improvement. The scheme uses a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine as a driving source, and a working medium in the thermoacoustic engine is gas, and the thermoacoustic engine and the working medium in the liquid metal magnetofluid generator are separated by means of gravity or an elastic membrane. However, the thermoacoustic engine used in the system is a traditional traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, the volume and weight of the resonance tube are large, and the loss is serious; meanwhile, the system uses a conduction type magnetohydrodynamic generator, so that the output current is large, the voltage is small, and the requirements of power transmission and load use cannot be well met. For this reason, patent CN106533119A proposes a further improvement. The scheme uses a single-stage loop traveling wave thermoacoustic engine as a driving source, and simultaneously divides a working medium flow channel in the conduction type magnetofluid generator into a plurality of layers of annular flow channels, electrodes are respectively arranged in each layer of flow channel, and the electrodes in each layer of flow channel are connected in series to increase output voltage. However, the system still has the following defects: firstly, the working medium flow channel in the magnetofluid generator is divided into a plurality of layers of flow channels, and electrodes are respectively arranged, so that the structure of the whole system becomes complicated, and the processing and assembling difficulty is high; secondly, since the output voltage is in direct proportion to the number of the flow channel layers, in order to obtain a large output voltage, a plurality of layers of flow channels are required, which can increase the flowing viscosity loss; third, since the electrodes are arranged inside the flow channels, the electrode leads need to be connected to an external load through small holes in the tubes, which presents certain assembly and sealing problems; fourthly, the system can only output single-phase alternating current, and in practical application, the situation that multi-phase alternating current is needed often exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic multiphase alternating current power generation system to overcome the defects that the existing thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power generation system has large output current and small voltage, cannot output multiphase alternating current, and the magnetohydrodynamic generator has a complex structure, large flow loss and difficult sealing and assembly.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic multiphase alternating current power generation system comprising: the multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprises a multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine and a multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, wherein a working medium in the multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator is low-melting-point liquid metal;
the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprises a plurality of thermoacoustic conversion units which are connected in series to form a loop, each thermoacoustic conversion unit comprises a main chamber temperature heat exchanger, a heat regenerator, a heater, a heat buffer tube, a secondary chamber temperature heat exchanger, a reducer tube and a resonance tube which are sequentially connected, the resonance tubes of two adjacent thermoacoustic conversion units are in a U-shaped tube shape, and the U-shaped tube is vertically arranged so that liquid metal and a gas working medium in the thermoacoustic engine form a gas-liquid interface under the action of gravity;
the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator comprises a plurality of induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units, any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units is arranged in the U-shaped pipe and comprises a permanent magnet, a magnetic core, a magnetic support, a yoke, a coil and a non-magnetic material, the magnetic support is arranged on the periphery of the magnetic core and used for supporting the magnetic core and conducting magnetism, the permanent magnet is arranged on the periphery of the magnetic core, the coil is wound on the periphery of the permanent magnet, the non-magnetic material is arranged on the permanent magnet and two sides of the coil and used for isolating the permanent magnet and the yoke, and the yoke and the magnetic support are correspondingly arranged to form a magnetic loop;
an external heat source heats a gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine through the heater, circulating cooling water cools the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine through the main chamber temperature heat exchanger, so that an axial temperature gradient is established in the gas working medium in the heat regenerator, when the axial temperature gradient is greater than a critical temperature gradient, self-excited oscillation is generated in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine unit, part of heat energy provided by the external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of reciprocating oscillation of the gas working medium, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to liquid metal through a gas-liquid interface to push the liquid metal to reciprocate oscillation in the U-shaped pipe;
meanwhile, the permanent magnet, the magnetic core, the magnetic bracket and the yoke iron establish a constant magnetic field along the radial direction in an annular flow channel around the magnetic core, wherein the flow path of most of the magnetic induction lines is as follows: the permanent magnet returns to the permanent magnet through the liquid metal, the magnetic core, the magnetic bracket, the yoke iron and the coil in the annular flow channel in sequence, and under the action of the constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is generated in the annular flow channel around the magnetic core and flows around the circumferential direction of the magnetic core; the alternating annular current further generates an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core, the alternating magnetic field enables the magnetic flux in the coil to change periodically, induced electromotive force can be generated in the coil according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and electric energy can be output through an external load.
In some embodiments, the working fluid in the thermoacoustic engine is a gas, the gas is helium or nitrogen, and the low-melting-point liquid metal is sodium or sodium-potassium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy.
In some embodiments, the two end portions of the magnetic core are smooth curved structures capable of guiding flow.
In some embodiments, the magnetic supports are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the magnetic core at the left and right sides, and the 3 magnetic supports at each side are axially symmetrically arranged along the axis of the magnetic core to play roles of fixing and supporting the magnetic core and conducting magnetism, and the magnetic supports are in a streamline structure.
In some embodiments, the winding direction of the coil is consistent with the annular current direction and is respectively perpendicular to the pipeline axial direction and the constant magnetic field direction.
In some embodiments, the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprises at least N thermoacoustic conversion units, N is greater than or equal to 3, and each thermoacoustic conversion unit is 360 degrees/N different in phase.
In some embodiments, the multi-stage induction liquid metal mhd generator includes M induction liquid metal mhd generator units, M ≧ 3.
In some embodiments, an elastic membrane is mounted at the gas-liquid interface, and separates the gas working medium in the thermoacoustic conversion unit from the liquid metal in the inductive liquid metal mhd generator unit.
In some embodiments, the working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine is gas or liquid metal, and the gas is helium or nitrogen.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system, which couples an induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator in a resonant tube of a multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, converts heat energy provided by an external heat source into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of a working medium in the thermoacoustic engine through thermoacoustic effect, and pushes liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator to reciprocate. Under the action of an external constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal which flows in a reciprocating mode in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, an alternating magnetic field along the axial direction of the flow channel is further generated, further, an electromotive force is induced in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline by the alternating magnetic field, and the output of electric energy can be achieved through an external load.
In addition, the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the invention can conveniently adjust the output voltage and current by changing the number of turns of the coil of the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator, so that the use requirements of power transmission and load are met; and the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator in the system is simple to assemble and easy to seal because no electrode is used.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid three-phase alternating-current power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of an inductive liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator unit provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid three-phase AC power generation system provided by embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid three-phase AC power generation system provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
reference numerals: 11. a main room temperature heat exchanger; 12. a heat regenerator; 13. a heater; 14. a thermal buffer tube; 15. a sub-room temperature heat exchanger; 16. a reducer pipe; 17. a resonant tube; 18. an elastic film; 21. a permanent magnet; 22. a magnetic core; 23. a magnetic support; 24. a yoke; 25. a coil; 26. a non-magnetic material.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase ac power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention includes: the multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic generator comprises a multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine 1 and a multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator 2, wherein a working medium in the multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine is gas, the gas is helium or nitrogen, and the working medium in the multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator is low-melting-point liquid metal. The structural composition of each unit and its operation are described in detail below.
Specifically, the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine 1 comprises a plurality of thermoacoustic conversion units 10 which are connected in series to form a loop, each thermoacoustic conversion unit 10 comprises a main chamber temperature heat exchanger 11, a heat regenerator 12, a heater 13, a thermal buffer tube 14, a sub-chamber temperature heat exchanger 15, a reducer 16 and a resonance tube 17 which are sequentially connected, the resonance tubes 17 of two adjacent thermoacoustic conversion units 10 are in a U-shaped tube shape, and the U-shaped tubes are vertically arranged so that liquid metal and a gas working medium in the thermoacoustic engine form a gas-liquid interface under the action of gravity.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a sectional view of an induction type liquid metal mhd generator unit provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention from a-a direction, where any one of the induction type liquid metal mhd generator units 20 is disposed in the U-shaped tube, any one of the induction type liquid metal mhd generator units 20 includes a permanent magnet 21, a magnetic core 22, a magnetic support 23, a yoke 24, a coil 25 and a non-magnetic material 26, the magnetic support 23 is mounted on the periphery of the magnetic core 22 for supporting the magnetic core 22 and conducting magnetism, the permanent magnet 21 is disposed on the periphery of the magnetic core 22, the coil 25 is wound on the periphery of the permanent magnet 21, the non-magnetic material 26 is disposed on two sides of the permanent magnet 21 and the coil 25 for isolating the permanent magnet 21 and the yoke 24, the yoke 24 is disposed corresponding to the magnetic support 23, to form a magnetic circuit.
In some embodiments, the two ends of the magnetic core 22 are smooth curved structures capable of guiding the flow of the liquid metal, so as to reduce the resistance of the magnetic core 22 to the flow of the liquid metal and the turbulence of the flow of the liquid metal.
Specifically, the magnetic bracket 23 is mounted on the periphery of the magnetic core 22 for supporting the magnetic core 22 and conducting magnetism.
In some embodiments, the magnetic supports 23 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the magnetic core 22 at the left and right, and the 3 magnetic supports 23 at each side are axially symmetrically arranged along the axis of the magnetic core 22, and play roles of fixing and supporting the magnetic core 22 and conducting magnetism, so that the liquid metal is acted by a unidirectional constant magnetic field only, and only unidirectional annular currents are generated at a specific moment, and magnetic fields generated by annular currents in different directions are prevented from being mutually cancelled; further, the magnetic support 23 is of a streamlined structure to reduce its influence on the flow of the liquid metal.
The non-magnetic material 26 is disposed on both sides of the permanent magnet 21 and the coil 25 to fix the coil 25 and the permanent magnet 21, and the yoke 24 is disposed corresponding to the magnetic bracket 23 to form a magnetic circuit.
The working mode of the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system is as follows:
an external heat source heats a gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine through the heater 13, circulating cooling water cools the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine through the main chamber temperature heat exchanger 11, so that an axial temperature gradient is established in the gas working medium in the heat regenerator 12, when the axial temperature gradient is greater than a critical temperature gradient, self-excited oscillation is generated in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, part of heat energy provided by the external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of reciprocating oscillation of the gas working medium, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to liquid metal through a gas-liquid interface to push the liquid metal to reciprocate in the U-shaped pipe;
meanwhile, the permanent magnet 21, the magnetic core 22, the magnetic bracket 23 and the yoke 24 establish a constant magnetic field along the radial direction in an annular flow channel around the magnetic core 22, wherein the flow path of most of the magnetic induction lines is as follows: the permanent magnet 21 returns to the permanent magnet 21 through the liquid metal in the annular flow channel, the magnetic core 22, the magnetic bracket 23, the yoke 24 and the coil 25 in sequence, and under the action of the constant magnetic field, an alternating annular current is generated in the annular flow channel around the magnetic core 22, and the annular current flows around the circumferential direction of the magnetic core 22; the alternating annular current further generates an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core 22, the alternating magnetic field enables the magnetic flux in the coil 25 to change periodically, according to the law of electromagnetic induction, induced electromotive force can be generated in the coil 25, and electric energy can be output through an external load.
It is understood that the annular flow channel is a flow channel between the permanent magnet 21 and the magnetic core 22, and the annular current is along the circumferential direction of the magnetic core 22.
It will be appreciated that the non-magnetic material 26 may be used to isolate the permanent magnet 21 from the yoke 24 to increase the reluctance therebetween, and thus increase the radial constant magnetic field in the annular flow passage.
In some of the embodiments, the winding direction of the coil 25 is consistent with the annular current direction and is perpendicular to the pipeline axial direction and the constant magnetic field direction respectively.
It will be appreciated that the toroidal current in the liquid metal, the core 22 and the coil 25 in fact form a transformer which converts the low voltage, high current electrical energy in the liquid metal into high voltage, low current electrical energy which is more practical.
Furthermore, the output voltage and the current can be conveniently adjusted by changing the number of turns of the coil of the induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, so that the use requirements of power transmission and load can be met.
In some embodiments, the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprises at least N thermoacoustic conversion units, N is more than or equal to 3, and the phase of each thermoacoustic conversion unit is different by 360 degrees/N.
In this embodiment, the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine includes 3 thermoacoustic conversion units, and since the phase differences of the three thermoacoustic conversion units are 120 °, the phase differences of the electric energy output from the three induction type liquid metal magnetofluid generators are also 120 °, and the three phase electric energy can be output by connecting the three induction type liquid metal magnetofluid generators in parallel.
In some of these embodiments, the multi-stage inductive liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator includes M inductive liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units, M ≧ 3.
In the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator is coupled in a resonant tube of a multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, and heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of a working medium in the thermoacoustic engine through a thermoacoustic effect, so as to push liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator to reciprocate. Under the action of an external constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal which flows in a reciprocating mode in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, an alternating magnetic field along the axial direction of the flow channel is further generated, an electromotive force is induced in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline by the alternating magnetic field, and the output of electric energy can be achieved through an external load.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of an inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase ac power generation system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown, and only the differences from embodiment 1 are described below.
It can be understood that in embodiment 1, the gas working medium in the thermoacoustic engine and the liquid metal in the mhd generator form a gas-liquid interface by gravity, which limits the reliability and the applicable range of the power generation system to a certain extent, for example, in the offshore power generation occasion with relatively large vibration and the outer space with relatively low or even no gravitational acceleration, the scheme in embodiment 1 cannot be used.
In this embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, the elastic membrane 18 is installed at the gas-liquid interface to separate the gas working medium in the thermoacoustic engine from the liquid metal in the mhd generator, so that the whole power generation system does not depend on gravity to operate, and further can be adapted to more power generation occasions.
In the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention, an induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator is coupled in a resonant tube of a multi-stage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine, and heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into sound energy (mechanical energy) of reciprocating oscillation of a working medium in the thermo-acoustic engine through a thermo-acoustic effect, so as to push liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator to reciprocate. Under the action of an external constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal which flows in a reciprocating mode in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, an alternating magnetic field along the axial direction of the flow channel is further generated, further, an electromotive force is induced in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline by the alternating magnetic field, and the output of electric energy can be achieved through an external load.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of an inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase ac power generation system provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention is shown, and only the differences from embodiment 1 are described below.
In embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, liquid metal is also used as a working medium for the thermoacoustic engine, so that an elastic membrane is not needed to control a gas-liquid interface, the reliability and the service life of a power generation system are further improved, and the method is very important for application occasions such as space power generation.
In the induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention, the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator is coupled in the resonance tube of the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, and heat energy provided by an external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of reciprocating motion of liquid metal in the induction type liquid metal magnetofluid power generator through a thermoacoustic effect. Under the action of an external constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is induced in liquid metal which flows in a reciprocating mode in an annular flow channel around a magnetic core, an alternating magnetic field along the axial direction of the flow channel is further generated, further, an electromotive force is induced in a coil wound on the outer side of a pipeline by the alternating magnetic field, and the output of electric energy can be achieved through an external load.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and is presented merely for purposes of illustration and description of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention and other embodiments of the invention without the creative effort of those skilled in the art are included in the protection scope of the invention based on the explanation here.
Claims (9)
1. An inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system, comprising: the multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprises a multi-stage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine and a multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator, wherein a working medium in the multi-stage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator is low-melting-point liquid metal;
the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprises a plurality of thermoacoustic conversion units which are connected in series to form a loop, each thermoacoustic conversion unit comprises a main chamber temperature heat exchanger, a heat regenerator, a heater, a heat buffer tube, a sub-chamber temperature heat exchanger, a reducer tube and a resonance tube which are sequentially connected, the resonance tubes of two adjacent thermoacoustic conversion units are in a U-shaped tube shape, and the U-shaped tubes are vertically arranged so that liquid metal and gas working media in the thermoacoustic engine form a gas-liquid interface under the action of gravity;
the multistage induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator comprises a plurality of induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units, any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units is arranged in the U-shaped pipe, any one of the induction type liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units comprises a permanent magnet, a magnetic core, a magnetic support, a yoke, a coil and a non-magnetic material, the magnetic support is arranged on the periphery of the magnetic core and used for supporting the magnetic core and conducting magnetism, the permanent magnet is arranged on the periphery of the magnetic core, the coil is wound on the periphery of the permanent magnet, the non-magnetic material is arranged on the two sides of the permanent magnet and the coil and used for isolating the permanent magnet and the yoke, and the yoke and the magnetic support are correspondingly arranged to form a magnetic loop;
an external heat source heats a gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine through the heater, circulating cooling water cools the gas working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine through the main chamber temperature heat exchanger, so that an axial temperature gradient is established in the gas working medium in the heat regenerator, when the axial temperature gradient is greater than a critical temperature gradient, self-excited oscillation is generated in the multistage traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, part of heat energy provided by the external heat source is converted into mechanical energy of reciprocating oscillation of the gas working medium, and the mechanical energy is transmitted to liquid metal through a gas-liquid interface to push the liquid metal to reciprocate oscillation in the U-shaped pipe;
meanwhile, the permanent magnet, the magnetic core, the magnetic bracket and the yoke iron establish a constant magnetic field along the radial direction in an annular flow channel around the magnetic core, wherein the circulation path of most magnetic induction lines is as follows: the permanent magnet returns to the permanent magnet through the liquid metal, the magnetic core, the magnetic bracket, the yoke and the coil in the annular flow channel in sequence, and under the action of the constant magnetic field, alternating annular current is generated in the annular flow channel around the magnetic core and flows around the circumferential direction of the magnetic core; the alternating annular current further generates an alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core, the alternating magnetic field enables the magnetic flux in the coil to change periodically, induced electromotive force can be generated in the coil according to the law of electromagnetic induction, and electric energy can be output through an external load.
2. The induction type thermoacoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic multiphase alternating current power generation system of claim 1, wherein a working medium in the thermoacoustic engine is gas, the gas is helium or nitrogen, and the low-melting-point liquid metal is sodium or sodium-potassium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy.
3. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein two ends of the magnetic core are smooth curved structures capable of conducting current.
4. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic supports are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the magnetic core respectively, the 3 magnetic supports at each side are axially symmetrically arranged along the axis of the magnetic core to play roles of fixing and supporting the magnetic core and conducting magnetism, and the magnetic supports are in a streamline structure.
5. The induction thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the winding direction of the coil is consistent with the annular current direction and is perpendicular to the pipeline axial direction and the constant magnetic field direction respectively.
6. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal-magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine comprises at least N thermo-acoustic conversion units, N is larger than or equal to 3, and the phase difference of each thermo-acoustic conversion unit is 360 °/N.
7. The induction thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic multiphase ac power generation system of claim 1, wherein the multistage induction liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator comprises M induction liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic generator units, M ≧ 3.
8. The inductive thermo-acoustic liquid metal-magnetofluid multiphase alternating current power generation system of claim 1, wherein an elastic membrane is mounted at the gas-liquid interface, the elastic membrane separating the gas working fluid in the thermo-acoustic conversion unit from the liquid metal in the inductive liquid metal-magnetofluid generator unit.
9. The induction type thermo-acoustic liquid metal magnetic fluid multiphase alternating current power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the working medium in the multistage traveling wave thermo-acoustic engine is gas or liquid metal, and the gas is helium or nitrogen.
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