CN114646598A - MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging - Google Patents

MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging Download PDF

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CN114646598A
CN114646598A CN202210107645.XA CN202210107645A CN114646598A CN 114646598 A CN114646598 A CN 114646598A CN 202210107645 A CN202210107645 A CN 202210107645A CN 114646598 A CN114646598 A CN 114646598A
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optical fiber
plume
mpd
speed camera
imaging
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周成
严浩
姚兆普
李飞
王戈
蔡坤
魏延明
韩道满
赵博强
王宝军
丛云天
吴延龙
孙鲲
应磊
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Beijing Institute of Control Engineering
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-angle imaging-based MPD plume structure testing device and a multi-angle imaging-based MPD plume structure testing method, wherein the MPD plume structure testing device comprises a vacuum chamber, a control system, a high-speed camera, an optical filter rotating wheel, an optical fiber flange, a plurality of optical fiber image transmission bundles, a plurality of in-chamber fixing frames and a plurality of optical fiber probes; observing the plasma plumes through a plurality of visual angles, and transmitting images of different visual angles to the outside of the cabin through the optical fiber image transmission bundle; simultaneously shooting images of the plume luminous body at a plurality of visual angles by adopting a high-speed camera; based on the actual object-image relationship, the image is processed by utilizing a tomography reconstruction algorithm, and the transient three-dimensional structure and the evolution process of the structure of the plume luminous body are obtained. Aiming at MPD and other electric thrusters, no mature technology and equipment exist at present, the problem that the MPD plume state is difficult to detect is creatively solved, and key data can be provided for thruster development and ground performance analysis.

Description

MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical measurement, and particularly relates to an MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging.
Background
A magnetic plasma dynamic thruster (MPD) is used as one of electric propulsion systems, adopts a design idea which is completely different from a chemical rocket, and the thrust source of the MPD mainly depends on electromagnetic force and aerodynamic force to accelerate the generation of plasma. Compared with other electric propulsion technologies, the magnetic plasma thruster has the advantages of high thrust density and specific impulse, and has a great application prospect in an interplanetary task. In the existing thruster research means, the working state of the thruster, particularly the spatial distribution characteristics of a discharge chamber of the thruster, cannot be effectively obtained by means of testing technologies such as an electric probe and the like, and a more intuitive and non-interference testing technology is needed.
The plume spectrum of the thruster can reflect the working process of the thruster, such as the discharge efficiency and uniformity of the thruster, and has important significance for researching the service life of an ion source, the corrosion of a discharge electrode and the like. Generally, the plume spectrum of the thruster varies with the position and the operating state of the plume. The inner channel, the thruster outlet and the plume region of the MPD thruster are radiation spectrums of divalent ions, monovalent ions and atoms of Ar respectively, the intensity distribution of the radiation spectrums can be used for judging key parameters such as plasma temperature, plume divergence angle and the like, and the method is important for optimizing the design of the thruster.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research, provides a MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging, solves the problem that the MPD plume state is difficult to detect, and can provide key data for thruster development and ground performance analysis.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, an MPD plume structure testing apparatus based on multi-angle imaging includes: the device comprises a vacuum cabin, a control system, a high-speed camera, an optical filter rotating wheel, an optical fiber flange, a plurality of optical fiber image transmission bundles, a plurality of cabin internal fixing frames and a plurality of optical fiber probes;
the control system comprises an industrial personal computer, a data acquisition card and a data processor, wherein the industrial personal computer is connected with the high-speed camera through a network cable, acquires pictures shot by the high-speed camera and sends the pictures to the data processor; the data acquisition card is used for outputting a control signal to drive the rotation of the optical filter rotating wheel; the data processor obtains three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plumes in different spectral regions by a chromatography reconstruction method by utilizing a pre-calibrated object-image relation;
the front end of the high-speed camera lens is provided with a light filter rotating wheel, and the rear end of the high-speed camera lens is connected with an industrial personal computer through a network cable so as to transmit data to the industrial personal computer;
the optical filter rotating wheel is a fixed frame of the optical filter and is used for receiving a control signal of the data acquisition card and driving the optical filter thereon to rotate so that the target optical filter rotates to the front of the high-speed camera lens;
the optical fiber flange is a cabin penetrating mechanism of the optical fiber image transmission bundle and is arranged on the shell structure of the vacuum cabin, so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum cabin is ensured while the optical fiber image transmission bundle penetrates through the vacuum cabin;
the optical fiber image transmission bundles are composed of hundreds of thousands of optical fibers which are orderly arranged, the probe end of each optical fiber is a rectangular array of the end faces of the optical fibers which are orderly arranged, and the optical fiber image transmission bundles are converged at the tail end to form an array which is used for transmitting images and coupling the images of all the visual angles to the high-speed camera;
the plurality of in-cabin fixing frames are used for fixing the end parts of the optical fiber image transmission beams, so that the relative positions of the optical fiber probe and the engine plume are unchanged, and the object-image relationship can be obtained through one-time imaging calibration;
the optical fiber probes are imaging lens groups arranged at the end parts of the optical fiber image transmission beams and used for imaging the plume luminous bodies at all visual angles to the end surfaces of the optical fiber image transmission beams.
In a second aspect, a MPD plume structure testing method based on multi-angle imaging includes the following steps:
step 1, utilizing a calibration lamp to light up in a detected area, utilizing a picture obtained by a high-speed camera and a known calibration lamp position to obtain an imaging object-image relationship, and storing a matrix generated by the relationship in an input file of a data processor;
step 2, the data acquisition card regulates and controls the rotation of the optical filter rotating wheel, so that the target optical filter is rotated to the front of a lens of the high-speed camera, and the selection of the imaging spectrum interval is realized;
step 3, the industrial personal computer controls the door width and the opening time of the high-speed camera to realize multi-view imaging of the plume;
step 4, the high-speed camera uploads the shot picture to an industrial personal computer of the control system, and the industrial personal computer realizes picture preprocessing;
step 5, the control system sends the preprocessed pictures to a data processor, the data processor realizes three-dimensional data reconstruction, and three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plume in the specific spectral region is obtained and finally stored and displayed;
and 6, repeating the steps 2 to 5 to obtain three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plumes in different spectral regions so as to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the plasma parameters.
The MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging provided by the invention realize multi-angle reconstruction of plume radiation by utilizing the combination of a narrow-band optical filter, an optical fiber image transmission beam and a high-sensitivity high-speed camera, and have the characteristic of non-contact testing;
(2) according to the MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging, provided by the invention, multiple visual angles are photographed by using the same camera, so that accurate synchronization is easy to realize, and the synchronization difficulty is greatly reduced; the sensitivity of the camera is high, the exposure time of a sub-ms level can be realized, and the time resolution is high;
(3) the MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging provided by the invention utilize pictures of multiple visual angles and a chromatography reconstruction algorithm to obtain a plume three-dimensional structure, and can realize millimeter-scale spatial resolution;
(4) the MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging can obtain rich plume parameter information (plume radiation intensity distribution and intensity comparison under different wave bands) which cannot be obtained by the existing method, can infer the plasma state, are very important for thruster development, and common spectral measurement or spectral imaging measurement does not have longitudinal spatial resolution capability, and the shot luminous intensity is the longitudinal sum, so that serious errors can be brought when plasma parameters are calculated through spectra.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an MPD plume structure testing device based on multi-angle imaging;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an m × n array of fiber optic image transmission bundle end convergence;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the intensity distribution of different wavelengths in the MPD plasma emission spectrum under typical conditions;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the 460.8nm spectral intensity of ArII over time;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the 815nm spectral intensity of ArI as a function of time;
fig. 6 shows the result of three-dimensional structure of certain characteristic spectral radiant intensity of the plume outlet.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The invention provides a multi-angle imaging-based MPD plume structure testing device, which comprises a vacuum cabin, a control system, a high-speed camera, an optical filter rotating wheel, an optical fiber flange, a plurality of optical fiber image transmission bundles, a plurality of cabin internal fixing frames and a plurality of optical fiber probes, wherein the optical fiber image transmission bundles are arranged in the vacuum cabin;
the vacuum chamber is used for providing a vacuum environment for plume structure test and is used for accommodating the magnetic plasma dynamic thruster, the optical fiber image transmission bundle, the fixing frame in the chamber and the optical fiber probe;
the control system comprises an industrial personal computer (such as Linghua RK-610), a data acquisition card (such as NI PCIe-6111) and a data processor, wherein the industrial personal computer is connected with the high-speed camera through a network cable, acquires pictures shot by the high-speed camera and sends the pictures to the data processor; the data acquisition card is used for outputting a control signal to drive the rotation of the optical filter rotating wheel; the data processor obtains three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plumes under different optical filters (corresponding to different characteristic spectrums) by a chromatography reconstruction method (such as a reconstruction algorithm based on algebraic iteration) by utilizing a pre-calibrated object-image relation;
the high-speed camera (such as Photonic SA-Z) has a high pixel number (more than or equal to 400 ten thousand) and high sensitivity in a target waveband (300-1000 nm); the front end of the high-speed camera lens is provided with a light filter rotating wheel, and the rear end of the high-speed camera lens is connected with an industrial personal computer through a network cable so as to transmit data to the industrial personal computer;
the optical filter rotating wheel is a fixed frame of the optical filter and is used for receiving a control signal of the data acquisition card and driving the optical filter thereon to rotate so that the target optical filter rotates to the front of the high-speed camera lens; the filter is a narrow-band filter, the half width is less than or equal to 2nm, and the characteristic radiation spectrum capable of reflecting the characteristic parameters of the plume is transmitted to the camera;
the optical fiber flange is a cabin penetrating mechanism of the optical fiber image transmission bundle and is arranged on the shell structure of the vacuum cabin, so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum cabin is ensured while the optical fiber image transmission bundle penetrates through the vacuum cabin;
the optical fiber image transmission bundles are composed of hundreds of thousands of optical fibers which are orderly arranged, the end of an optical fiber probe is a rectangular array of orderly arranged optical fiber end faces, and all the optical fiber image transmission bundles are converged at the tail end to form an mxn array (mxn is not less than the number of visual angles, as shown in figure 2, m is the transverse number of the end face matrix of the optical fiber image transmission bundle, and n is the longitudinal number of the end face matrix of the optical fiber image transmission bundle) for transmitting images and coupling the images at all the visual angles to a high-speed camera;
the plurality of in-cabin fixing frames are used for fixing the end parts of the optical fiber image transmission beams, so that the relative positions of the optical fiber probe and the plume of the engine are unchanged, and an object-image relationship can be obtained through one-time imaging calibration and does not change along with time;
the optical fiber probes are imaging lens groups arranged at the end parts of the optical fiber image transmission beams, are small in size (the diameter is less than 4cm), have larger depth of field (more than 30cm), and are used for imaging the plume luminous bodies at all visual angles to the end surfaces of the optical fiber image transmission beams.
In a preferred embodiment, for the MPD thruster based on Ar discharge, the filters are characteristic wavelength filters in the spectral bands of 320-350nm, 350-500nm and 690-900nm, and the total number of the filters is at least 6. The radiation spectral intensity of MPD plume plasma reflects the plasma state such as temperature characteristic and density, and the inference of the plasma state needs characteristic fine spectral intensity information for some characteristic spectrum, and for the MPD thruster of Ar discharge, the invention selects a specific characteristic wavelength filter and presses the half width of the filter to be less than or equal to 2nm to eliminate the influence of other adjacent spectral lines in the spectral dimension.
In a preferred embodiment, the cabin fixing frame is mounted on an MPD thruster housing or a vacuum cabin housing, so that the fiber-optic probes are distributed at multiple angles along the launching direction of an MPD thruster outlet.
A MPD plume structure testing method based on multi-angle imaging comprises the following steps:
step 1, utilizing a calibration lamp to light up in a detected area, utilizing a picture obtained by a high-speed camera and a known calibration lamp position to obtain an imaging object-image relationship, and storing a matrix generated by the relationship in an input file of a data processor;
step 2, the data acquisition card regulates and controls the rotation of the optical filter rotating wheel, so that the target optical filter is rotated to the front of a lens of the high-speed camera, and the selection of the imaging spectrum interval is realized;
step 3, the industrial personal computer controls the door width and the opening time of the high-speed camera to realize multi-view imaging of the plume;
step 4, the high-speed camera uploads the shot picture to an industrial personal computer of the control system, and the industrial personal computer realizes picture preprocessing; such pre-processing includes, but is not limited to, denoising, exposure inspection, and the like;
step 5, the control system sends the preprocessed pictures to a data processor, the data processor realizes three-dimensional data reconstruction, and three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plume in the specific spectral region is obtained and finally stored and displayed;
the reconstruction method is realized in the following form:
in a cartesian coordinate system, a target region is discretized into a plurality of voxels in a three-dimensional direction, each voxel has a different observation coordinate value at each viewing angle, all the voxels reach a camera through a certain viewing angle imaging system to obtain a two-dimensional projection value, and if F (x, y, z) represents the three-dimensional distribution of chemiluminescent components of the target region, the measured value (P) on a projection plane at a certain viewing angle (v, q) can be defined by the following formula:
Pvq＝F(x,y,z)*W(x,y,z；v,q)
it can be seen that the W matrix is very large, with each value beingThe weight of the projected pixel is voxel by voxel. Assuming that the number of projections is m, each projection has xp, yp pixels, then P is xp × yp × m, if the target area is respectively dispersed into n voxels in the three-dimensional direction, then W is xp × yp × m lines, n3And (4) columns.
And 6, repeating the steps 2 to 5 to obtain three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plumes in different spectral regions so as to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the plasma parameters. Among other parameters, plasma parameters include, but are not limited to, plasma temperature and plume divergence angle.
By adopting the MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging, the obtained plasma plume spectrum is mainly the radiation spectrum of Ar and ions thereof, including ArIII spectrum of 320-350nm, ArII radiation spectrum of 350-500nm and ArI radiation spectrum of 690-900nm, and part of the spectrum segments are shown in FIG. 3.
The radiation intensity of different typical spectra (e.g. characteristic spectra of 460.8nm, 750nm, 811nm, 815nm, etc.) at a certain viewing angle varies with time, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
By using the radiation intensities of a plurality of angles and combining the reconstruction algorithm, the three-dimensional distribution characteristics of the plume of the cathode spray hole outlet shown in fig. 6 can be obtained.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A MPD plume structure testing device based on multi-angle imaging is characterized by comprising a vacuum chamber, a control system, a high-speed camera, an optical filter rotating wheel, an optical fiber flange, a plurality of optical fiber image transmission bundles, a plurality of in-chamber fixing frames and a plurality of optical fiber probes;
the control system comprises an industrial personal computer, a data acquisition card and a data processor, wherein the industrial personal computer is connected with the high-speed camera through a network cable, acquires pictures shot by the high-speed camera and sends the pictures to the data processor; the data acquisition card is used for outputting a control signal to drive the rotation of the optical filter rotating wheel; the data processor obtains three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plumes in different spectral regions by a chromatography reconstruction method by utilizing a pre-calibrated object-image relation;
the front end of the high-speed camera lens is provided with a light filter rotating wheel, and the rear end of the high-speed camera lens is connected with an industrial personal computer through a network cable so as to transmit data to the industrial personal computer;
the optical filter rotating wheel is a fixed frame of the optical filter and is used for receiving a control signal of the data acquisition card and driving the optical filter thereon to rotate so that the target optical filter rotates to the front of the high-speed camera lens;
the optical fiber flange is a cabin penetrating mechanism of the optical fiber image transmission bundle and is arranged on the shell structure of the vacuum cabin, so that the vacuum degree of the vacuum cabin is ensured while the optical fiber image transmission bundle penetrates through the vacuum cabin;
the optical fiber image transmission bundles are composed of optical fibers which are arranged in order, the probe end of each optical fiber is a rectangular array of the end faces of the optical fibers which are arranged in order, and the optical fiber image transmission bundles are converged at the tail end to form an array which is used for transmitting images and coupling the images of all viewing angles to the high-speed camera;
the plurality of in-cabin fixing frames are used for fixing the end parts of the optical fiber image transmission beams, so that the relative positions of the optical fiber probe and the engine plume are unchanged, and the object-image relationship can be obtained through one-time imaging calibration;
the optical fiber probes are imaging lens groups arranged at the end parts of the optical fiber image transmission beams and used for imaging the plume luminous bodies at all visual angles to the end surfaces of the optical fiber image transmission beams.
2. The MPD plume structure testing device based on multi-angle imaging of claim 1, wherein the filter is a narrow band filter with a half-width of 2nm or less.
3. The MPD plume structure testing device based on multi-angle imaging of claim 1, wherein for the MPD thruster based on Ar discharge, the filter is a characteristic wavelength filter with spectral bands of 320-350nm, 350-500nm and 690-900 nm.
4. The multi-angle imaging-based MPD plume structure testing device of claim 1, wherein the total number of filters is at least 6.
5. The multi-angle imaging-based MPD plume structure testing device of claim 1, wherein the in-cabin fixture is mounted on an MPD thruster housing or a vacuum cabin housing, so that the fiber optic probes are distributed along the MPD thruster outlet emission direction in multiple angles.
6. A MPD plume structure testing method based on multi-angle imaging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, utilizing a calibration lamp to light up in a detected area, utilizing a picture obtained by a high-speed camera and a known calibration lamp position to obtain an imaging object-image relationship, and storing a matrix generated by the relationship in an input file of a data processor;
step 2, the data acquisition card regulates and controls the rotation of the optical filter rotating wheel, so that the target optical filter is rotated to the front of a lens of the high-speed camera, and the selection of the imaging spectrum interval is realized;
step 3, the industrial personal computer controls the door width and the opening time of the high-speed camera to realize multi-view imaging of the plume;
step 4, the high-speed camera uploads the shot picture to an industrial personal computer of the control system, and the industrial personal computer realizes picture preprocessing;
step 5, the control system sends the preprocessed pictures to a data processor, the data processor realizes three-dimensional data reconstruction, and three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plume in the specific spectral region is obtained and finally stored and displayed;
and 6, repeating the steps 2 to 5 to obtain three-dimensional intensity distribution of the plumes in different spectral regions so as to determine the three-dimensional distribution of the plasma parameters.
CN202210107645.XA 2022-01-28 2022-01-28 MPD plume structure testing device and method based on multi-angle imaging Pending CN114646598A (en)

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CN117425260A (en) * 2023-12-19 2024-01-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Spectrum monitoring method for plasma propeller plume excited state ion velocity distribution
CN117457467A (en) * 2023-12-19 2024-01-26 哈尔滨工业大学 Plasma chamber array imaging monitoring device and spatial non-uniformity calibration method
CN117664792A (en) * 2024-01-31 2024-03-08 哈尔滨工业大学 Tomographic reconstruction device and method for three-dimensional density distribution

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117425260A (en) * 2023-12-19 2024-01-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Spectrum monitoring method for plasma propeller plume excited state ion velocity distribution
CN117457467A (en) * 2023-12-19 2024-01-26 哈尔滨工业大学 Plasma chamber array imaging monitoring device and spatial non-uniformity calibration method
CN117457467B (en) * 2023-12-19 2024-04-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Plasma chamber array imaging monitoring device and spatial non-uniformity calibration method
CN117425260B (en) * 2023-12-19 2024-04-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Spectrum monitoring method for plasma propeller plume excited state ion velocity distribution
CN117664792A (en) * 2024-01-31 2024-03-08 哈尔滨工业大学 Tomographic reconstruction device and method for three-dimensional density distribution
CN117664792B (en) * 2024-01-31 2024-04-30 哈尔滨工业大学 Tomographic reconstruction device and method for three-dimensional density distribution

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