CN114645171B - Multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 40
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- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
- B24D3/10—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for porous or cellular structure, e.g. for use with diamonds as abrasives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of diamond composite materials, and particularly relates to a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The raw material of the composite material comprises 80-95vol.% of binder phase powder and 5-20 vol.% of diamond. The bonding phase powder is prepared from Cu, ni, fe, sn and Ti according to the atomic ratio of (20-50): (10-40): (5-30): (1-10): (1-10). The preparation method comprises the following steps: and fully mixing the bonding phase powder and the diamond powder, and sintering at 850-1100 ℃ by adopting a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or Hot Pressing (HP) process to obtain the product. The material has good interface bonding, diamond stability, frictional wear performance and higher fracture strength. The multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material designed and prepared by the invention can be used for preparing diamond-like tools such as diamond millstones, diamond grinding wheels and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of diamond composite materials, and particularly relates to a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Diamond is widely applied to the processing of hard materials due to unique physicochemical characteristics of diamond, such as extremely high hardness, excellent wear resistance, high strength, low thermal expansion and the like, and diamond super-hard grinding tools, such as grinding heads, grinding discs and the like, play more and more important roles in the fields of high-end chip processing, 3C ceramics and the like. Diamond abrasive tools are typically composed of a binder phase and diamond particles. The most of the bonding phase of the traditional diamond grinding tool is Cu or Cu alloy, and the alloy elements are generally selected from metals which are in solid solution strengthening or precipitation strengthening with Cu, such as Ni, fe, sn, co and the like. Meanwhile, in order to enhance the interface bonding strength of the binder phase with the diamond particles, some strong carbide metal elements such as Ti, cr, mo, V, etc. are generally added. However, the traditional single principal component alloy is easy to form intermetallic compounds, harmful products with brittleness and the like, the stability of the structure performance is difficult to maintain, and the performance of the alloy also is difficult to meet the requirement of a novel binding phase.
In recent years, high entropy alloys or multi-principal element alloys have received increasing attention because of excellent mechanical and physicochemical properties. Research has shown that the mechanical and tribological properties of superhard materials can be significantly improved by using multi-principal element alloys as binder phase, such as CoCrNiCuMn and CoCrNiCuFe 0.5 Mn、FeCoCrNiMo 0.2 And Al 0.5 The multi-principal-element alloy of FeCoCrNiCu and the like is compounded with hard phases of WC, ti (C, N) and the like, so that the wear resistance and the cutting performance of the composite material can be obviously improved. In the current research, the aim of enhancing the toughness and strength of copper-containing multi-element alloy by adding ceramic and other components is also attempted (for example, patent CN 108504890A).
Regarding the application of multi-principal element alloy as a bonding phase and the technology of diamond superhard materials, people also have breakthroughs, such as: zhang et al found that the bending strength and hardness of FeCoCrNi multi-principal-element alloy-diamond superhard material are 2-3 times higher than those of the traditional metal binding phase superhard material. However, cu-containing multi-element alloys have been used as bonding materials for diamond superabrasive tools only rarely.
The active diamond grinding tool material binding phase is mostly copper alloy containing Fe, ni, sn, co and the like. On one hand, the bonding capability of the common Cu alloy bonding phase and the interface of the diamond is poor, which is not beneficial to holding the diamond in the service process; on the other hand, the strength of the Cu alloy is limited, and the prepared diamond grinding tool material cannot meet certain extreme service environments easily; in addition, co is expensive, the cost of raw materials is high, and the profit obtained in enterprise production is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide a multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material having high strength and wear resistance; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preparing the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material. The composite material is prepared by selecting CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal-element alloy as the metal matrix and adopting a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or Hot Pressing (HP) method, so that the interface bonding strength of the diamond/bonding phase matrix is improved, the stability of the diamond is enhanced, the frictional wear performance of the composite material is optimized, and the service life of the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is prolonged. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a multi-principal element alloy-diamond grinding tool material, which comprises 80-95vol.% of CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binding phase powder and 5-20vol% of diamond powder.
Preferably, the invention provides a multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material, comprising: 80-87.5vol.% of CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal alloy binder phase powder and 12.5-20 vol.%, preferably 12.5-15 vol.% of diamond powder.
Preferably, in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binder phase powder, the atomic ratio of Cu, ni, fe, sn and Ti is (20-50): (10-40): (5-30): (1-10): (1-10).
Preferably, in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binder phase powder, in order to enable a binder phase matrix to form a more stable FCC solid solution structure, the atomic ratio of Cu, ni, fe, sn and Ti is (30-45): (30-40): (10-25): (3-10): (3-10).
More preferably, in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binder phase powder, the molar ratio of Fe to Sn is more than 2.
More preferably, in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binder phase powder, the molar ratio of Fe to Ti is more than 2. The invention controls the mol ratio of Fe to Sn to be more than 2 and/or the mol ratio of Fe to Ti to be more than 2, and aims to further improve the frictional wear performance of the composite material and further achieve the aim of prolonging the service life of the product.
More preferably, in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal component alloy binder phase powder, in order to enable a binder phase matrix to form a more stable FCC solid solution structure, the atomic ratio of Cu, ni, fe, sn and Ti is (35-40): (30-35): (20-25): (5-8): (5-8).
Preferably, the grain size of the CuNiFeSnTi multi-element alloy binding phase powder is 15-100 μm.
Preferably, the diamond has a particle size of 30 to 200 μm.
The invention provides a method for preparing the multi-principal element alloy-diamond grinding tool material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binding phase powder and diamond powder, making into mixed powder, and oven drying;
(2) Filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite grinding tool, and pre-pressing and forming under the pressure of 10-40 MPa;
(3) Performing spark plasma sintering at 20-50MPa at 80-120 deg.C/min, preferably 100 deg.C/min, from room temperature to A deg.C, and holding at A deg.C; the value of A is 395-405;
(4) Heating from A ℃ to sintering temperature at the heating rate of B ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10-30min. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material; the value of B is 45-55; the sintering temperature is 850-1100 ℃.
Preferably, the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy preferably uses alloy powder. More preferably, the gas atomized CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal-element alloy powder is used, has fine granularity, is mainly spherical, has good fluidity and has better sintering effect.
Preferably, the diamond particles are D-grade diamond, and are diamond single crystals with higher grade, so that the quality of finished products is guaranteed.
Preferably, the incubation is carried out at A ℃ for 4 to 10min, preferably 5min.
Preferably, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃ to 1100 ℃. Further preferably, the sintering temperature is 900-1050 ℃. As a further preference, the sintering temperature is 935 ℃ to 965 ℃.
Abrasive tool designed and prepared by the inventionThe friction coefficient of the material after being loaded by 50N-200N load is lower than 0.2, and the wear rate is lower than 20 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 N.m, abrasion ratio greater than 1.0X 10 3 . And the Brinell hardness HB of the product is more than or equal to 300.
After optimization, the friction coefficient of the grinding tool material designed and prepared by the invention is lower than 0.15 after loading at 50N-200N load, and the wear rate is lower than 18 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 N.m, abrasion ratio not less than 1.2X 10 3 . And the Brinell hardness HB of the product is more than or equal to 320.
After further optimization, the friction coefficient of the grinding tool material designed and prepared by the invention is lower than 0.1 after loading of 50N-200N load, and the wear rate is less than or equal to 15 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 N.m, abrasion ratio not less than 2.0 x 10 3 The Brinell hardness HB of the product is more than or equal to 370, and the transverse breaking strength of the product is more than or equal to 500MPa.
After further optimization, the friction coefficient of the grinding tool material designed and prepared by the invention is lower than 0.1 after loading of 50N-200N load, and the wear rate is less than or equal to 12 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 N.m, abrasion ratio not less than 7.0X 10 3 The Brinell hardness HB of the product is more than or equal to 440, and the transverse breaking strength of the product is more than or equal to 500MPa.
The composite material designed and prepared by the invention can be used for preparing grinding tools. The grinding tool comprises a diamond grinding disc, a diamond grinding wheel and other grinding diamond-like tools.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy is adopted as a matrix of the binder phase, the multi-principal element alloy has the characteristics of high strength and toughness, high-temperature stability, wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, and the cocktail effect can inhibit the occurrence of complex compounds, so that a single solid solution structure is easily obtained, the key problems of poor material structure-performance adaptability, poor stability and the like are expected to be improved, and the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy is an ideal material for replacing the traditional metal binder phase.
(2) Co element commonly used in active abrasive tool materials is not used in the alloy bonding phase, so that the raw material cost is greatly reduced, and the industrialization of enterprises is realized.
(3) The invention adopts the spark plasma sintering SPS method to prepare the multi-principal element alloy-diamond grinding tool material, the preparation method is simple, and the prepared composite material can be used as a superhard grinding tool. The multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material has lower friction coefficient and wear rate and higher wear ratio under the condition that the hardness is superior to that of the existing superhard grinding tool, and the material has higher fracture strength and obviously improved service performance.
(4) The invention provides a new method for solving the technical problems of unstable structure performance of the traditional bonding phase, insufficient wear resistance of the prepared composite material and the graphitization of diamond in a high-temperature environment. Under the binding phase system designed by the invention, the content of Ti element is optimized, and proper amount of Ti can react with diamond under certain temperature and pressure to generate TiC and form a uniform and continuous TiC layer on the surface of diamond particles. The TiC layer can prevent diamond particles from contacting with other catalytic elements in the binding phase, such as Fe, ni and the like, and can effectively relieve the graphitization transformation of the diamond. Thereby improving the performance of the product.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some of the embodiments described in the present application, and that other drawings can be derived from these drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1: the morphology of the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of example 1,
FIG. 2 is a drawing: the morphology of the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of example 2,
FIG. 3: XRD results for the multi-master alloy-diamond abrasive tool materials of examples 1-4,
FIG. 4 is a drawing: XRD results for the multi-master alloy-diamond abrasive tool materials of examples 5-8,
FIG. 5 is a drawing: the transverse rupture strength of the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool materials of examples 1-4,
FIG. 6: the wear profile of the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive article material of example 7 after rubbing,
FIG. 7: the wear profile of the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of example 8 after rubbing,
FIG. 8: the coefficient of friction of the multi-master alloy-diamond abrasive tool materials of examples 1-10,
FIG. 9: raman spectra of diamond particles in the multi-elemental alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of comparative example 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, during the sintering process of the CuNiFeSnTi-diamond composite material, a layer of TiC is generated at the interface of diamond and a binding phase, and the thickness of TiC gradually increases and becomes more uniform and continuous as the sintering temperature increases.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, tiC is generated in the composite material after sintering at different temperatures; furthermore, it was found that the higher the sintering temperature, the higher the graphite content in the composite.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the CuNiFeSnTi-diamond composite material has a fracture strength higher than that of the conventional Cu alloy-diamond abrasive material; and the composite material has better brittleness, is beneficial to exposing diamond in the friction process, and better improves the grinding performance of the composite material.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the surface of the low-temperature sintered composite material had pits due to diamond peeling after rubbing, which was not found in the high-temperature sintered composite material, indicating that the holding ability of the bond to diamond particles was improved after high-temperature sintering.
As can be seen in fig. 8, the CuNiFeSnTi-diamond abrasive material has a lower coefficient of friction for all 10 examples of the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 9, the surface graphitization of the diamond particles in comparative example 1 is severe, because the content of Fe in the binder phase is high, fe is a catalytic element for the graphitization transformation of diamond, and the severe graphitization transformation of the diamond surface occurs during the sintering process of the composite material, which affects the grinding performance of the composite material.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In the invention, the abrasion ratio is based on the standard (JB/T3235-2013) issued by the mechanical industry department of the people's republic of China, and the calculation formula of the abrasion ratio E is as follows:
in the formula, M s The abrasion loss of the silicon carbide grinding wheel of the grinding part is unit g; m j Is the abrasion loss of the sample to be tested, in g. In the test process, the linear speed of the grinding wheel is 25m/s, the feeding speed is 0.02 mm/time, and the total feeding depth of a single test is 5mm. Generally, a higher wear ratio indicates a more wear resistant sample to be tested.
Example 1:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 2:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing for molding under the pressure of 20MPa, performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, heating from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 5min, heating from 400 ℃ to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10min. And (3) preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 3:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component of the gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 4:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, heating from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, preserving heat at 400 ℃ for 5min, heating from 400 ℃ to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 5:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu35Ni35Fe25Sn8Ti7 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 6:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component of the gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder is Cu35Ni35Fe25Sn8Ti7 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 7:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu35Ni35Fe25Sn8Ti7 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 8:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu35Ni35Fe25Sn8Ti7 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, heating from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, preserving heat at 400 ℃ for 5min, heating from 400 ℃ to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 9:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 15.0 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 10:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 30MPa, heating from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, preserving heat at 400 ℃ for 5min, heating from 400 ℃ to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 10min. And (3) preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
example 11
1. Preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe10Sn10Ti10 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
by comparing the example 11 with the example 1, the mechanical properties such as hardness, transverse rupture strength and the like of the product are obviously improved after the optimization.
Comparative example 1:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu60Ni15Fe15Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as follows:
comparative example 2:
1. preparing materials:
(1) Preparing CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder: selecting gas atomization CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder with the grain diameter of 45-100 mu m, wherein the component is Cu40Ni30Fe20Sn5Ti5 (at.%).
(2) Preparing diamond powder: d-grade diamond with the grain diameter of 150-180 mu m is selected.
(3) And fully and mechanically mixing the CuNiFeSnTi alloy powder and the diamond powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder. Wherein the diamond powder accounts for 12.5 vol% of the composite powder.
2. Preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material:
filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite die, prepressing and molding under the pressure of 20MPa, and performing discharge plasma sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature is maintained at 400 ℃ for 5min, the temperature is increased from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10min. Preparing the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material.
3. After the prepared multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is ground and polished, the organization and performance detection is carried out by using an instrument used by a conventional detection means, and the technical parameters of the obtained composite material are as shown in the following table. In addition, a large amount of diamond particles fall off in the friction and wear process, and an effective grinding effect is not exerted, so that the composite material is seriously failed.
The Brinell hardness of the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 370HB, the fracture strength is more than or equal to 500MPa, the Brinell hardness can only reach 90-110HB, and the fracture strength can only reach 150 MPa. Meanwhile, under the condition that the hardness and the breaking strength of the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material are superior to those of the existing superhard grinding tool, the friction coefficient and the wear rate are both lower, the wear ratio is higher, the friction and wear performance of the composite material is obviously improved, and the service life of the material is greatly prolonged.
In conclusion, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts CuNiFeSnTi alloy as a binding phase and combines diamond powder to prepare the multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material, and the preparation method is simple; the prepared composite material has high comprehensive performance, high hardness and breaking strength, excellent friction and wear performance and performance superior to that of an active diamond superhard grinding tool; more importantly, the invention does not add Co element commonly used in active service grinding tool materials, greatly reduces the cost of raw materials and is more beneficial to enterprises to obtain higher profits in the industrialization process.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A multi-principal element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is characterized in that: the raw materials of the novel multi-principal element alloy-diamond grinding tool material comprise 80-95vol.% of CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binding phase powder and 5-20vol% of diamond powder;
in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal-element alloy binding phase powder, the atomic ratio of Cu, ni, fe, sn and Ti is (30-45): (30-40): (10-25): (3-10): (3-10);
the multi-principal element alloy-diamond grinding tool material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Mixing CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binding phase powder and diamond powder, making into mixed powder, and oven drying;
(2) Filling the mixed powder raw materials into a graphite grinding tool, and pre-pressing and forming under the pressure of 10-40 MPa;
(3) Performing spark plasma sintering at a sintering pressure of 20-50MPa, heating to A deg.C at a heating rate of 80-120 deg.C/min, and maintaining at A deg.C; the value of A is 355-455;
(4) Heating from A ℃ to sintering temperature at the heating rate of B ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min; preparing a multi-principal-element alloy-diamond grinding tool material; the value of B is 45-55; the sintering temperature is 850-1100 ℃.
2. The multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of claim 1, wherein: in the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal-element alloy bonding phase powder, the molar ratio of Fe to Sn is more than 2;
and/or
In the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binding phase powder, the molar ratio of Fe to Ti is more than 2.
3. The multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of claim 1, wherein:
the grain diameter of the CuNiFeSnTi multi-principal element alloy binding phase powder is 15-100 μm;
the diamond has a particle size of 30 to 200 μm.
4. The multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of claim 1, wherein: the sintering temperature is 900-1050 ℃.
5. The multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material of claim 1, wherein: the friction coefficient of the prepared grinding tool material under the loading of 50N-200N is lower than 0.2, and the wear rate is lower than 20 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 N.m, abrasion ratio greater than 1.0 x 10 3 。
6. The method for preparing a multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material according to claim 5, wherein: the friction coefficient of the prepared grinding tool material under the loading of 50N-200N is less than or equal to 0.1, and the wear rate is less than 15 multiplied by 10 -5 mm 3 N.m, abrasion ratio of 2.0X 10 or more 3 (ii) a The Brinell hardness HB of the product is more than or equal to 370; and the transverse breaking strength of the product is more than or equal to 500MPa.
7. Use of a multi-element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the multi-principal element alloy-diamond abrasive tool material can be used for preparing grinding tools.
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