CN114644950A - Method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on rotary kiln in internal combustion mode - Google Patents
Method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on rotary kiln in internal combustion mode Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 80
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on a rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode, which comprises the following steps of designing a process; production design; classifying; drying; screening; and (6) homogenizing. The method of replacing the traditional energy source by the internal combustion mode of the biomass particles on the rotary kiln is very convenient to use in the popularization of factories, and the biomass particles absorb atmospheric CO2The renewable environment-friendly new energy perfectly realizes carbon circulation, has low use cost and long-term stability compared with natural gas, coke and the like, is more environment-friendly compared with coal gas, crude oil, coal briquettes, coke and the like, has a sustainable development prospect, and can be further developed in the aspects of energy conservation, emission reduction and adjustment of industrial energy structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomass particle internal combustion, in particular to a method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on a rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode.
Background
Common traditional energy sources for industrial rotary kiln production at home and abroad comprise natural gas, coal gas, crude oil, coal briquettes, coke and the like. After combustion, the traditional energy except natural gas generates largeAmounts of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO)2) Sulfur Oxide (SO)2Etc.), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO)2Etc.), carbon black, smoke dust and other large amount of pollutants, and the problems of environmental protection and greenhouse gas emission are increasingly prominent; natural gas is used as clean energy, has high heat value, and has few pollutants after being fully combusted, but the natural gas in most areas has high price and high use cost, and becomes a leading factor which is difficult to continue for production of a plurality of rotary kilns.
The raw material of the biomass particles is to absorb atmospheric CO2The regenerated plant new energy is relatively the traditional energy with continuously rising use price and generating a large amount of pollutants after combustion, has low use cost, can keep long-term stability, and is renewable environment-friendly new energy; the main components of the fuel are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (mainly comprising C, H, O elements), carbon dioxide is mainly generated after combustion, a small amount of residual ash is directly used without influencing the quality of a calcined product, and can be directly recycled as a potash fertilizer and the like, so that the fuel belongs to a new environment-friendly fuel with high quality and low price.
The combustion heat value of particles processed by utilizing biomass is higher and generally reaches 3600-4800 kcal/kg, and the requirement of most industrial rotary kilns on the heat of calcined products can be met. Meanwhile, ash content generated after the biomass particles are combusted is very little, and the quality of most of calcined products cannot be influenced, so that the biomass particles can be uniformly added into kiln raw materials in the production process and mixed into a kiln, and heat required by calcination is provided by an internal combustion mode. The low and long-term stable use price perfectly achieves the purpose of partially or completely replacing high-cost traditional energy sources.
The biomass particle fuel belongs to renewable, high-calorific-value and environment-friendly plant resources, and the smoke components generated by combustion are mainly a small amount of CO which can be absorbed by plants2The fuel has the practical significance of sustainable development as industrial fuel. Therefore, compared with traditional energy sources such as coal, crude oil and natural gas, the biomass pellet fuel has important significance and popularization value in applications such as greenhouse gas emission reduction, carbon neutralization and fuel cost reduction.
The prior art 'numerical simulation of combustion of biomass briquette in a rotary kiln' (Master academic paper of Wuhan university of science) discloses a numerical simulation technology of combustion of biomass briquette in a rotary kiln, but the technology only aims at the numerical simulation of combustion of biomass briquette in a rotary kiln instead of coal powder, the type of the alternative fuel is single, the combustion mode is 'external combustion' (high-temperature airflow is formed by a burner to heat materials in the rotary kiln), and all data are theoretical values.
In order to solve the problems, the invention has wide range of alternative energy sources (crude oil, coal, natural gas and the like can be used for replacing the rotary kiln), and the alternative mode is to supplement heat (partial replacement or all replacement can be carried out); the heat is supplied by adopting an internal combustion method (the original combustion system is reserved, the problem that the heat can be supplied only by a special burner in the existing kiln is solved, the fuel utilization rate is higher), equipment does not need to be changed, the using method is simple, the popularization is convenient, and the cost is low; the practicability is strong, and the method of the invention is already applied in practical production and generates economic and environmental protection benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on a rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode.
The method for replacing the traditional energy source by biomass particles on the rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode comprises the following specific steps: 1) designing a process; 2) production design; 3) classifying; 4) drying; 5) screening; 6) and (6) homogenizing.
The process design comprises the following specific steps:
1) energy alternative quantity calculation formula: n-substituted Q-in-use energy source/Q biomass particles
In the formula, the 'Q-used energy' is the low-level calorific value of the replaced energy; "Q biomass particles" are biomass particle fuel low-grade calorific values; "N substituted amount" is the ratio in the same dimension measurement unit;
2) the method comprises the steps that an arithmetic addition method is carried out after the oxygen amount and the generated flue gas amount which are required by the co-combustion of energy and biomass particles in a rotary kiln are separately calculated according to the actual using amount, the oxygen amount and the generated flue gas amount which are required by mixed fuel are the sum of the oxygen amount and the generated flue gas amount which are required when the energy and the added biomass particles are respectively and completely combusted, and if the fuel has incomplete combustion and equipment pressure leakage, a correction coefficient which is 1.2-1.5 times can be actually obtained according to the production;
3) after biomass particles are completely combusted, a small amount of ash is generated, and whether the ash affects the product quality needs to be verified in a laboratory.
The production design comprises the following specific steps:
1) on the premise of not changing the configuration of on-site calcining equipment of a rotary kiln in a factory, calculating the required air volume and the generated flue gas volume after the used biomass particles are completely combusted according to the configured air volume and the generated flue gas volume of the rotary kiln in energy use and the maximum on-site energy amount during normal production of the rotary kiln, and determining the maximum substitution amount of the biomass particles;
2) uniformly adding and mixing biomass particles from the kiln tail and kiln entering materials in the same ratio, calcining in a kiln, and adjusting the amount of the energy in use by a kiln head burner according to the temperature in the kiln by referring to the set value in real time after the biomass particles are calcined in the kiln to generate high temperature;
3) because the heat value of the biomass particles is limited (3600-4800 kcal/kg is commonly used), the biomass particles are used for completely replacing the traditional energy internal combustion calcination for a rotary kiln with the calcination temperature lower than 1150 ℃; for the rotary kiln with the calcination temperature higher than 1150 ℃, the biomass particles are used for partially replacing the traditional energy;
4) the biomass particles have a lower unit calorific value than the traditional high calorific value energy, and the addition amount of biomass particle fuel is larger than the supply amount of the traditional high calorific value energy to reach the calcination temperature required by the rotary kiln (the common rotary kiln is required to reach 1300-1500 ℃), so that the biomass particles can generate larger smoke amount and larger air use amount than the traditional energy; therefore, the smoke exhaust amount of the kiln tail and the secondary air amount can be increased or oxygen can be added in an auxiliary manner according to the actual situation in the operation process of the rotary kiln, so that the biomass particles are completely combusted in the rotary kiln;
5) the biomass particles and the kiln raw materials are mixed and enter a kiln for internal combustion calcination to generate a small amount of ash, so that the internal combustion method is only suitable for a rotary kiln without influence on the quality of a calcined product (the inventor performs a ceramsite raw material adding test on the ash after the combustion of the wood particles, and the test result proves that no influence is generated).
The classification specific method comprises the following steps: biomass particle raw materials are classified according to wood, bamboo chips and straw grass, corresponding biomass particles are selected according to process design requirements, and index requirements such as heat value, ignition point, ash content and particle strength are met; specifically, the biomass particle type is selected according to the calcined product, and the calorific value of the biomass particle type must meet the high temperature required by production; the use of biomass particles with different ignition points can affect the distance between a high temperature point and a high temperature zone in the kiln in different calcining environments such as high-temperature quick burning requirement for products to be burnt, low-temperature full burning requirement for products to be burnt and the like; different quantities of ashes produced by different varieties of biomass particles have different influences on different products, and whether the ashes produced by the selected biomass particles influence the material to be burned or not, how to treat the material after the influence is generated, and the like need to be verified.
The drying specifically comprises the following steps: the drying moisture of the biomass pellet fuel is reduced to below 3 percent.
The screening specifically comprises: a cylindrical screen is added in front of the bin for screening out complete particles and broken fine particles.
The homogenization is specifically as follows: homogenizing the treated biomass particles, the material to be calcined and the combustion supporter or flame retardant required by design to form a mixture for preparing combustion.
Preferably, the drying method specifically comprises the following steps: the purchased biomass particles are conveyed into a bin by a sealed belt conveyer, hot air with the temperature of more than 200 ℃ at the kiln tail is introduced into the sealed belt conveyer for drying, and the kiln head waste heat can be introduced simultaneously when the temperature of the hot air at the kiln tail is not enough.
Preferably, the biomass particles have a full particle conventional size: the diameter is 5 mm-20 mm, and the length is 20 mm-50 mm.
Preferably, the homogenization method is as follows: calculating and determining the usage amount of biomass particles according to the heat value, determining the blanking amount of a material to be calcined, selecting a combustion supporter or a flame retardant and a proportion (according to the requirement of a product to be calcined, adding the combustion supporters such as white phosphorus, wood and the like to support combustion, wrapping the fine material part of the material to be calcined and the like to retard combustion), determining the specific gravity, and then matching the specific gravity and putting the specific gravity into a bin together by an electronic metering belt scale to achieve the homogenization purpose; biomass particles with different burning points and different particle size ranges are selected, and the ignition point of combustible materials entering the kiln can be adjusted by adjusting a fan to control the oxygen content at the tail of the kiln, so that the high temperature point and the high temperature calcination time in the kiln are controlled.
The foregoing method is equally applicable to other kiln plants.
Has the advantages that:
1. the prior art 'numerical simulation of combustion of biomass briquette in a rotary kiln' (Master academic paper of Wuhan university of science) discloses a numerical simulation technology of combustion of biomass briquette in a rotary kiln, but the technology only aims at the numerical simulation of combustion of biomass briquette in a rotary kiln instead of coal powder, the type of the alternative fuel is single, the combustion mode is 'external combustion' (high-temperature airflow is formed by a burner to heat materials in the rotary kiln), and all data are theoretical values.
The invention solves the problems, the invention can replace the energy source types in a wide range (crude oil, coal, natural gas and the like can be used for replacing the rotary kiln), and the replacement mode is to supplement heat (partial replacement or all replacement can be used); the heat is supplied by adopting an internal combustion method (the original combustion system is reserved, the problem that the heat can be supplied only by a special burner in the existing kiln is solved, the fuel utilization rate is higher), equipment does not need to be changed, the use method is simple, the popularization is convenient, and the cost is low; the practicability is strong, and the method disclosed by the invention is already applied to practical production and generates economic and environmental benefits.
2. The invention relates to a method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on a rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode, which is characterized in that the biomass particle fuel is used for partially or completely replacing the traditional energy sources such as natural gas and coal used by the rotary kiln according to the calculation of the heat value of the fuel, the oxygen amount required by combustion, the smoke amount generated by combustion and the like. The biomass fuel belongs to the field of absorbing atmospheric CO2Renewable plant resource, low cost, long-term stability, and CO as the main component of the smoke generated by combustion2Meridian/channelThe hyperphotophotosynthesis is absorbed by the plant. The traditional energy sources such as natural gas and coal belong to non-renewable limited resources, and the smoke generated by burning most energy sources (such as coal, crude oil and the like) except the natural gas contains a large amount of harmful components (such as sulfur dioxide) to pollute the air; meanwhile, with the gradual reduction of limited resources, the use cost of the resources is increased year by year. Therefore, the method is a huge optimization for industrial energy sources in the aspects of reducing fuel cost, saving energy and reducing emission.
3. The method of replacing the traditional energy source by the internal combustion mode of the biomass particles on the rotary kiln is very convenient to use in the popularization of factories, and the biomass particles absorb atmospheric CO2The renewable environment-friendly new energy perfectly realizes carbon circulation, has low use cost and long-term stability compared with natural gas, coke and the like, is more environment-friendly compared with coal gas, crude oil, coal briquettes, coke and the like, has a sustainable development prospect, and can be further developed in the aspects of energy conservation, emission reduction and adjustment of industrial energy structures.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1 method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles in rotary kiln by internal combustion
1. The process design comprises the following steps:
(1) energy alternative quantity calculation formula: n-substituted Q-in-use energy source/Q biomass particles
In the formula, the 'Q-used energy' is the low-level calorific value of the replaced energy; "Q biomass particles" are biomass particle fuel low-grade calorific values; the "N-substitution" is the ratio in the same dimensional measurement unit.
(2) The method is characterized in that the oxygen amount required by the co-combustion of energy and biomass particles in a rotary kiln and the generated flue gas amount are calculated separately according to the actual use amount and then subjected to arithmetic addition (the oxygen amount required by mixed fuel and the generated flue gas amount are the sum of the oxygen amount required by the complete combustion of the energy and the added biomass particles respectively according to the actual use amount of the energy and the added biomass particles, the conditions of incomplete combustion, equipment pressure leakage and the like of the fuel are considered, and a correction coefficient which is 1.2-1.5 times can be obtained according to the actual production), and the method is a theoretical basis for adjusting the parameters of a combustion fan and a smoke exhaust fan of the rotary kiln.
(3) After biomass particles are completely combusted, a small amount of ash is generated, and whether the ash affects the product quality needs to be verified in a laboratory.
2. Production design:
in order to realize that the biomass particles replace the traditional energy of the rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode, the type of energy used by the rotary kiln on site, the type of produced products and matched equipment need to be carefully examined and evaluated to set alternative use conditions, use methods and use quantity.
(1) On the premise of not changing the configuration of on-site calcining equipment of a rotary kiln in a factory, according to the configured air quantity and the generated flue gas quantity of the rotary kiln in using energy and the maximum on-site energy quantity during normal production of the rotary kiln, the required air quantity and the generated flue gas quantity after the used biomass particles are completely combusted are calculated, and the maximum substitute quantity of the biomass particles is determined.
(2) Biomass particles are uniformly added and mixed from the kiln tail and materials entering the kiln in the same ratio, and enter the kiln for internal combustion calcination, and after the biomass particles enter the kiln for calcination to generate high temperature, the kiln head burner adjusts and reduces the energy consumption according to the temperature in the kiln by referring to the set value in real time.
(3) Because the heat value of the biomass particles is limited (3600-4800 kcal/kg is commonly used), the biomass particles can be used for completely replacing the internal combustion calcination of the traditional energy sources in a rotary kiln with the calcination temperature lower than 1150 ℃; however, in the case of a rotary kiln with a calcination temperature above 1150 ℃, only a partial replacement of the conventional energy source with biomass particles is possible.
(4) The biomass particles have a lower unit calorific value than the traditional high calorific value energy, so that the biomass particles can reach the calcination temperature required by the rotary kiln (the common rotary kiln is required to reach 1300-1500 ℃), the addition amount of the biomass particle fuel is larger than the supply amount of the traditional high calorific value energy, and the biomass particles can generate larger smoke and larger air consumption than the traditional energy. Therefore, the kiln tail smoke discharge amount and the secondary air amount (or auxiliary oxygen addition) can be properly increased according to the actual situation in the rotary kiln operation process, and the biomass particles are ensured to be completely combusted in the rotary kiln.
(5) The biomass particles and the kiln raw materials are mixed and enter a kiln for internal combustion calcination to generate a small amount of ash, so that the internal combustion method is only suitable for a rotary kiln without influence on the quality of a calcined product (the inventor performs a ceramsite raw material adding test on the ash after the combustion of the wood particles, and the test result proves that no influence is generated).
3. And (4) classification: the biomass particles have more raw material components, are commonly wood, bamboo chips, straw and grass, and need to be selected according to the process design requirements, so that the index requirements of heat value, ignition point, ash content, particle strength and the like are met.
4. Drying: the water content of the common biomass pellet fuel in the market is about 6-12%, and the water content is required to be reduced to below 3% after drying. The aim of drying is to save raw fuel, avoid using too much heat in the kiln to dry the high-moisture biomass particles entering the kiln, and simultaneously keep the thermal equilibrium in the kiln as much as possible. The drying method comprises the following steps: drying by using the waste heat of the kiln tail (kiln head) of the rotary kiln, conveying the purchased biomass particles into a bin by using a sealed belt conveyer, and introducing hot air with the temperature of more than 200 ℃ of the kiln tail into the sealed belt conveyer for drying (the waste heat of the kiln head can be introduced when the temperature of the hot air of the kiln tail is insufficient).
5. Screening: according to the process design, the required particle size range of the biomass particles is selected, so that the combustion efficiency is improved. The screening method comprises the following steps: the biomass particles (the conventional size of the complete particles is 5 mm-20 mm, the length is 20 mm-50 mm) which are directly purchased are partially crushed, the particles are partially damaged after the drying process, a cylindrical sieve is added in front of a storage bin for sieving the complete particles and the crushed fine particles, and the required biomass particle size range is selected according to the process requirements (the particle size range selection method is that the complete particles are selected according to the ignition speed of the biomass particles, and the crushed fine particles are selected on the contrary, and the biomass particles can be matched according to the design proportion).
6. Homogenizing: homogenizing the treated biomass particles, the material to be calcined and the combustion supporter or flame retardant required by design to form a mixture for preparing combustion. The homogenization method comprises the following steps: calculating and determining the usage amount of biomass particles according to the heat value, determining the blanking amount of the material to be calcined, selecting a combustion supporter or a flame retardant and a proportion (adding the combustion supporters such as white phosphorus, wood and the like to support combustion and wrapping fine materials of the material to be calcined with the fine materials to be calcined to retard combustion according to the requirement of the product to be calcined), determining the specific gravity, and then matching the specific gravity and the specific gravity by using an electronic metering belt scale to jointly enter a bin to achieve the homogenization purpose. The ignition point of combustible materials entering the kiln can be adjusted by selecting biomass particles with different ignition points and different particle size ranges and adjusting a fan to control the oxygen content at the tail of the kiln, so that the high temperature point and the high temperature calcination time in the kiln can be controlled.
To further verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the present invention, the inventors performed a series of experiments, as follows:
aiming at a rotary kiln of phi 2.8 multiplied by 36 meters for producing ceramsite proppant by taking natural gas as fuel, a set of complete method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles is designed, and the attached table shows that the method is simple and convenient to operate.
Production parameters of 'phi 2.8 x 36 m' ceramsite by using rotary kiln
The biomass particles and the ceramsite semi-finished product are uniformly mixed at the tail of a kiln and then enter the kiln, materials in the kiln gradually move towards the head of the kiln in the rolling process of the rotary kiln, natural gas forms flame after being combusted through a burner at the head of the kiln and is sprayed into the rotary kiln, and the biomass particles start to combust and provide heat after reaching an ignition point at a high temperature in the kiln. The heat generated by the combustion of the biomass particles replaces part of the heat generated by the natural gas, and the specific replacement amount is calculated according to the heat values of the biomass particles and the natural gas.
Production parameters of replacing natural gas with rotary kiln biomass particles for ceramsite with diameter of 2.8 x 36 m
Due to the environmental protection policy, the existing ceramsite proppant produced by the rotary kiln in China can only use natural gas as fuel, but the natural gas in most areas in China is high in price and often faces the problems of 'gas utilization limitation' and the like. In the face of the problem that the cost of natural gas almost accounts for more than 50% of the total production cost of the ceramsite proppant, the biomass particles of the same environment-friendly high-calorific-value fuel are applied to the production of the ceramsite proppant, so that the production cost of industrial enterprises can be greatly reduced.
Cost advantage comparison of producing ceramsite proppant biomass particles to replace natural gas
The LWP40/70 ceramsite proppant is produced by using a rotary kiln with the diameter of phi 2.8 multiplied by 36 meters to add biomass particles to replace part of high-cost natural gas.
1. And (3) calculating the collocation ratio:
(1) calculating the quantity of the biomass particles replacing natural gas: n substitution Q natural gas/Q biomass particles;
in the known formula, the low-level heating quantity of Q natural gas is 8200 kilocalories/cubic meter, and the low-level heating quantity of Q biomass particles is 4100 kilocalories/kilogram; calculated "N substitution" ═ 2 kg/cubic meter, representing 2 kg of biomass particles that can substitute 1 cubic meter of natural gas. Considering that the biomass particles lose part in the haydite semi-finished product mixing and the kiln tail dust collection of the rotary kiln, the loss amount is 10 percent of the total addition amount, and the corrected value of the 'N substitution amount' is 2.25 kg/cubic meter, which indicates that 2.25 kg of biomass particles are required to substitute for each cubic meter of natural gas.
(2) Calculating the air quantity and the smoke gas generation quantity required by mixed fuel:
the main combustion reaction of natural gas: CH (CH)4+2O2＝CO2+2H2O
The biomass particles mainly undergo a combustion reaction: (C)6H10O5)n+6nO2＝6nCO2+5nH2O
After the set gas quantity of 35 cubic meters of natural gas is reduced by producing each ton of LWP40/70 product and part of natural gas is replaced by biomass particles, producing each ton of LWP40/70 product from 110 cubic meters of natural gas to 75 cubic meters of natural gas and adding 78.75 kilograms of biomass particles.
It is known that the main component of natural gas used is methane (CH)4) Setting the methane to be completely combusted in the calculation, wherein each cubic meter of CH42 cubic meters of oxygen is needed for complete combustion, the oxygen content in the air is 21%, the air quantity of about 10 cubic meters is calculated for each cubic meter of pure natural gas for complete combustion, and the generated flue gas quantity is 14 cubic meters; the biomass particles used need about 5 cubic meters of air per kilogram of complete combustion, and the generated flue gas is measured to 7 cubic meters.
In the example, the hourly output of the LWP40/70 ceramsite proppant is 6.25 tons/hour, 687.5 cubic meters of natural gas is needed per hour, 6875 cubic meters of air is needed for complete combustion, and 9625 cubic meters of smoke is generated; 468.75 cubic meters of natural gas and 492.20 kilograms of biomass particles are needed for each hour after the biomass particles are used for substitution, 7148.5 cubic meters of air is needed for complete combustion, and 11484.5 cubic meters of flue gas is generated.
In summary, after the biomass particles are added, the mixed fuel needs more air volume than natural gas under the same production condition, and generates more flue gas volume, so that the kiln head combustion-supporting air volume and the kiln tail flue gas volume need to be adjusted during actual production, and the method is also one of important theoretical bases for type selection of related equipment of the rotary kiln.
2. The feeding mode is as follows: and (3) constructing a kiln tail bin (capable of storing 15 tons of biomass particles), conveying the bottom of the bin by using an electronic metering belt scale, conveying the haydite semi-finished product screened out by a drum screen by using another electronic metering belt scale, and mixing the biomass particles and the haydite semi-finished product according to a designed proportion and then feeding the mixture into a kiln tail semi-finished product bin for later use.
3. Adjusting the parameters of the rotary kiln: when the biomass particles are added and the production is carried out, parameters such as combustion-supporting air quantity, kiln tail smoke exhaust air quantity, kiln speed and kiln entering mixed material quantity are adjusted according to the calculation result and the actual situation, and thermal power balance in the rotary kiln is guaranteed as much as possible.
4. Verifying and controlling indexes of the ceramsite finished product: and taking the ceramsite finished product to perform multi-group full index detection before adding the biomass particles, and taking the ceramsite finished product to perform multi-group full index detection after adding the biomass particles for normal production. And (4) comparing indexes, and judging whether the addition of the biomass particles has influence on the indexes of the ceramsite products or not, and what influence the indexes of the ceramsite products has, so that quality problems are analyzed and adjusted in time (actual production proves that the biomass particles replace part of natural gas to produce the ceramsite proppant without any influence on the performance indexes of the ceramsite proppant).
Formula for producing LWP40/70 ceramsite proppant by using mixed fuel
Index comparison of LWP40/70 ceramsite proppant produced by mixed fuel
Although the present invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for replacing traditional energy sources by biomass particles on a rotary kiln in an internal combustion mode is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: 1) designing a process; 2) production design; 3) classifying; 4) drying; 5) screening; 6) and (6) homogenizing.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process design comprises the specific steps of:
1) energy alternative quantity calculation formula: n-substituted Q-in-use energy source/Q biomass particles
In the formula, the 'Q-used energy' is the low-level calorific value of the replaced energy; "Q biomass particles" are biomass particle fuel low-grade calorific values; "N substituted amount" is the ratio in the same dimension measurement unit;
2) the method comprises the steps that an arithmetic addition method is carried out after the oxygen amount and the generated flue gas amount which are required by the co-combustion of energy and biomass particles in a rotary kiln are separately calculated according to the actual using amount, the oxygen amount and the generated flue gas amount which are required by mixed fuel are the sum of the oxygen amount and the generated flue gas amount which are required when the energy and the added biomass particles are respectively and completely combusted, and if the fuel has incomplete combustion and equipment pressure leakage, a correction coefficient which is 1.2-1.5 times can be actually obtained according to the production;
3) after biomass particles are completely combusted, a small amount of ash is generated, and whether the ash affects the product quality needs to be verified in a laboratory.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the production design comprises the following specific steps:
1) on the premise of not changing the configuration of on-site calcining equipment of a rotary kiln in a factory, calculating the required air volume and the generated flue gas volume after the used biomass particles are completely combusted according to the configured air volume and the generated flue gas volume of the rotary kiln in energy use and the maximum on-site energy amount during normal production of the rotary kiln, and determining the maximum substitution amount of the biomass particles;
2) uniformly adding and mixing biomass particles from the kiln tail and kiln entering materials in the same ratio, calcining in a kiln, and adjusting the amount of the energy in use by a kiln head burner according to the temperature in the kiln by referring to the set value in real time after the biomass particles are calcined in the kiln to generate high temperature;
3) for a rotary kiln with the calcination temperature lower than 1150 ℃, biomass particles are used for completely replacing the traditional energy internal combustion calcination; for the rotary kiln with the calcination temperature higher than 1150 ℃, the biomass particles are used for partially replacing the traditional energy;
4) and in the operation process of the rotary kiln, the kiln tail smoke discharge amount is increased, the secondary air amount is increased or oxygen is added in an auxiliary manner according to the actual situation, so that the biomass particles are completely combusted in the rotary kiln.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the classification is performed by: the biomass particle raw materials are classified according to wood, bamboo chips and straw grass, and corresponding biomass particles are required to be selected according to process design requirements, so that index requirements of heat value, ignition point, ash content and particle strength are met.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying is specifically: and (3) reducing the drying moisture of the biomass granular fuel to be below 3%.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said screening is in particular: a cylindrical screen is added in front of the bin for screening out complete particles and broken fine particles.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said homogenization is in particular: homogenizing the treated biomass particles, the material to be calcined and the combustion supporter or flame retardant required by design to form a mixture for preparing combustion.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the drying method is specifically: the purchased biomass particles are conveyed into a bin by a sealed belt conveyer, hot air with the temperature of more than 200 ℃ at the kiln tail is introduced into the sealed belt conveyer for drying, and the kiln head waste heat can be introduced simultaneously when the temperature of the hot air at the kiln tail is not enough.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the biomass particles have a full particle conventional size: the diameter is 5 mm-20 mm, and the length is 20 mm-50 mm.
10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the homogenization method is: calculating and determining the usage amount of biomass particles according to the heat value, determining the blanking amount of the material to be calcined, selecting a combustion-supporting material or a flame-retardant material and a proportion, determining the specific gravity, and putting the materials into a bin together by matching an electronic metering belt scale to achieve the purpose of homogenization; biomass particles with different burning points and different particle size ranges are selected, and the ignition point of combustible materials entering the kiln can be adjusted by adjusting a fan to control the oxygen content at the tail of the kiln, so that the high temperature point and the high temperature calcination time in the kiln are controlled.
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