CN114643671A - Environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing grease and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing grease and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114643671A CN114643671A CN202210144189.6A CN202210144189A CN114643671A CN 114643671 A CN114643671 A CN 114643671A CN 202210144189 A CN202210144189 A CN 202210144189A CN 114643671 A CN114643671 A CN 114643671A
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- polylactic acid
- wiping cloth
- preparation
- environment
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 244000280244 Luffa acutangula Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000009814 Luffa aegyptiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 tetrahydrodifluoride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- ZXLOSLWIGFGPIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1,2-dihydroimidazol-1-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCN1CN(C)C=C1 ZXLOSLWIGFGPIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 105
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 32
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
- B08B1/14—Wipes; Absorbent members, e.g. swabs or sponges
- B08B1/143—Wipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
- B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/06—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
- D01F6/625—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing grease and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method selects an environment-friendly degradable polymer material and natural cellulose as wiping cloth raw materials, and combines electrostatic spinning, freeze-drying and hot-pressing technologies to prepare the environment-friendly industrial wiping cloth with multistage holes inside.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of porous fiber oil absorption materials, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly biomass modified efficient oil absorption wiping cloth and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with continuous progress and rapid development of the industry in China, the yield of various engineering machines, vehicles and ships is increased year by year, the demand for grease such as engine oil and lubricating oil is more and more increased, and the output of waste grease is huge. In order to treat waste oil, most of industries burn the waste oil after recovery treatment, which not only causes environmental pollution, but also stimulates the energy crisis of China, so reasonable waste oil treatment becomes a major problem to be solved urgently.
The adsorption method has been widely developed due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, convenient operation and the like, and the adsorption material can adsorb oil stains into holes inside the material, so that the oil content is recovered by a plurality of post-treatment methods, and the economic benefit is further improved. Currently, synthetic oil-absorbing materials such as wood pulp spunlaced nonwoven oil-absorbing cotton, melt-blown polymer oil-absorbing felt, modified polyacrylonitrile oil-absorbing foam, and the like are mainly used as oil-absorbing materials in industry. The wood pulp spunlace nonwoven oil absorbent cotton is poor in toughness, and the wood pulp is easy to fall off; most of melt-blown polymer oil absorbent felts adopt traditional petroleum-based polymers, so that the cost is high, the problems of petrochemical resource consumption, difficult degradation and the like exist, and the discarded oil absorbent felt can cause environmental pollution; the modified polyacrylonitrile oil absorption foam has poor mechanical property, is easy to generate oil absorption byproducts, is not easy to carry and has high price. In order to improve the problems of mechanical properties and portability, researchers have proposed a reliable idea of industrial oil absorbing wipes. The industrial oil absorption wiping cloth does not occupy space, has strong oil absorption capacity, does not drop fluff, does not generate static electricity, can be used together with liquids such as solvents and the like, and has wide application prospect.
At present, three methods for producing industrial oil absorption wiping cloth are available: (1) the melt-blown oil-absorbing wiping cloth is mainly produced by polypropylene materials, and the polypropylene materials are not easy to degrade in the using process, so that the discarded melt-blown oil-absorbing wiping cloth can cause pollution to the environment; (2) the wood pulp spunlace wiping cloth is usually a disposable spunlace non-woven fabric with a single-layer structure, has poor toughness, is easy to deform, has poor oil absorption when wiping grease liquid, is not clean, and is not convenient for industrial use; (3) the electrostatic spinning wiping cloth has small fiber diameter and poor mechanical property, is easy to damage or fall scraps in the process of repeated use, and is not beneficial to industrial application.
Therefore, the industrial wiping cloth which has high oil adsorption performance, degradability, light weight, no dust generation and environmental friendliness and the preparation method thereof are of great significance for waste oil treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing grease and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method is characterized in that an environment-friendly degradable polymer material and natural cellulose are selected as wiping cloth raw materials, and electrostatic spinning, freeze-drying and hot-pressing technologies are combined to prepare the environment-friendly industrial wiping cloth with multilevel holes inside.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding polylactic acid into an N, N-dimethylformamide solvent, stirring and mixing to obtain a polylactic acid spinning precursor solution;
step 2: performing electrostatic spinning on the polylactic acid spinning precursor solution prepared in the step 1 to obtain a polylactic acid nanofiber membrane, and storing the polylactic acid nanofiber membrane at room temperature;
and step 3: cutting the polylactic acid nanofiber membrane prepared in the step 2 into small pieces, putting the small pieces into a high-speed stirrer, adding a deionized water solution, and stirring at a high speed to obtain a suspension;
and 4, step 4: transferring the suspension obtained in the step 3 into a container, adding loofah sponge short fibers, wherein the mass ratio of the loofah sponge short fibers to the polylactic acid is (1:9) - (4:6), adding an adhesive, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment, then putting the mixture into a refrigerator for freezing, and then putting the sample into a freeze dryer for freeze drying in a dark place to obtain a spongy sample;
and 5: and (4) carrying out hot-press molding on the sponge sample obtained by freeze-drying in the step (4) to obtain the wiping cloth with different oil absorption contents.
Further, the solvent in step 1 is one or more of deionized water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol, N-dimethylacetamide, carbon tetrachloride, N-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, paraformaldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrodifluoride, dimethylformamide, lithium chloride, dimethylacetamide, sodium hydroxide, urea and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate.
Further, the binder in step 4 is a water-soluble polymer: one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, gelatin, chitosan, starch and dextrin.
Further, the concentration of the polylactic acid spinning precursor solution obtained in the step 1 is 5-20%.
Further, the voltage used in the electrostatic spinning in the step 2 is 8-30 kV, the distance between the injector and the corresponding aluminum foil is 10-25 cm, the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 0.6-5 mL/h, the ambient temperature is 30 ℃, and the humidity is 50%.
Further, the preservation time of the polylactic acid nanofiber membrane obtained in the step 2 under the condition of room temperature is 24 hours.
Further, the size of the small pieces cut into the polylactic acid nano fiber membrane in the step 3 is 1 multiplied by 1cm2。
Further, the ultrasonic treatment time of the step 4 is 30 minutes, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 24-48 hours after the ultrasonic treatment is put into a refrigerator.
Further, the freezing temperature of the step 4 is-10 to-35 ℃, and the time of freeze drying is 24 to 48 hours.
Further, the temperature of the hot pressing plate for hot pressing molding in the step 5 is 200-350 ℃, and the pressure is 150kg/m2。
An environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing grease is prepared by any one of the preparation methods.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the preparation method provided by the invention is characterized in that the environment-friendly degradable polymer material and natural cellulose are selected as the raw materials of the wiping cloth, and the electrostatic spinning, freeze-drying and hot-pressing technologies are combined to prepare the environment-friendly industrial wiping cloth with the multistage holes in the interior.
2. According to the industrial wiping cloth prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention, water-soluble components in the selected biomass loofah sponge short fiber are fully dissolved in deionized water to form a dilute solution, and the deionized water is sublimated in a freeze drying process to obtain the biomass spider-web fiber with the diameter of less than 10 nanometers. The micron-sized loofah sponge short fibers, the nano-sized electrostatic spinning polylactic acid fibers and the spider web fibers construct multi-stage pores, so that the oil adsorption efficiency and the mechanical property are effectively improved.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention is based on the structural design of biodegradable materials, combines the electrostatic spinning and freeze-drying technologies, constructs the micron-nanometer multistage-pore ultralow-density three-dimensional sponge by regulating and controlling the composition and processing parameters of the micron-level loofah sponge short fibers and the nanometer-level electrostatic spinning polylactic acid fibers, and obtains the industrial wiping cloth with a high interpenetrating network structure through hot pressing. The wiping cloth has the technical effects of high-efficiency oil adsorption, degradability, light weight, no dust generation and environmental friendliness, and also has the advantages of convenience in storage, easiness in carrying and the like.
Tests prove that the wiping cloth can absorb 4000-6000% of organic oil by weight, has good absorption effect on common oil such as peanut oil, petroleum, normal hexane, cyclohexane, alcohol and the like, has light weight, high porosity and large specific surface area of prepared materials due to simple process flow and easily adjustable process parameters, and has wide application prospect in the fields of industrial oil wiping, oily wastewater treatment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of the topographical structure of a wipe of the present comparative example;
FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph of the topographical structure of a wipe obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of the topographical structure of a wipe obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of the topographical structure of a wipe obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the adsorption capacity for fats and oils of comparative example and examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the adsorption capacities of comparative example and example 2 of the present invention for different organic substances.
FIG. 8 is an optical photograph showing grease absorption of the wipe provided in example 2 of the present invention (n-hexane solution in the dropper).
Detailed Description
The methods provided by the present invention are further explained and illustrated in detail in this section with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments provided in this section do not limit the scope of the present invention; the insubstantial changes made on the basis of the present embodiment are the same as those of the present embodiment.
Comparative example
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
and 2, step: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step 1, and injecting the solution into the injector 1 by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector 1 and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature;
and step 3: measuring 1.0g of polylactic acid fiber prepared in step 2, and cutting the fiber membrane into about 1 × 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step (3) into a glass container, adding the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze dryer in a dark place for 24 hours;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2The micro-morphology of the obtained wiping cloth is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the 3D polylactic acid has a nanofiber form and some micropores are generated.
Example 1
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 obtained in the step 1, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.8g of polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step 2, and mixing the fiberCutting the cellulose membrane into pieces of about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.2g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2The micro-morphology of the wiping cloth obtained by hot-press molding under the condition is shown in figure 3, and it can be seen that after a small amount of loofah short fiber is added, a small amount of 'spider-web structure' can be obtained along the fiber boundary by polylactic acid/loofah-0.2.
Example 2
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.7g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding the polyvinyl alcohol into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, and stirring the beaker 2 in a water bath kettle at 95 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution serving as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step (3) into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer in a dark place for 24 hours;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2The micro-morphology of the wiping cloth obtained by hot press molding under the condition is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that, along with the increase of the content of the short fiber of the loofah sponge, more spider-web structures are formed among fibers by the polylactic acid/loofah sponge-0.3, and the multi-stage internal holes are more beneficial to oil adsorption.
Example 3
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
and 2, step: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.6g of polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber membrane into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding the polyvinyl alcohol into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, and stirring the beaker 2 in a water bath kettle at 95 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution serving as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.4g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: step 4, freeze-drying the obtained sponge at the temperature of 220 ℃ and the pressure of 150kg/m2The shape of the wiping cloth obtained by hot press molding under the condition is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen that when the content of the loofah short fiber is too much, the micro-pore structure of the polylactic acid/loofah-0.4 disappears, and only the spider-web structure is left.
Example 4
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 5%;
and 2, step: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 8kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 10cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 0.6 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.9g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step (3) into a glass container, adding 0.1g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer in a dark place for 24 hours;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 5
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 5%;
and 2, step: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 8kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 10cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 0.6 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And 3, step 3: measuring 0.8g of polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber membrane into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.2g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and molding under the condition of (2) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 6
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 5%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 8kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 10cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 0.6 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.7g of polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber membrane into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding the polyvinyl alcohol into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, and stirring the beaker 2 in a water bath kettle at 95 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution serving as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 7
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 5%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 8kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 10cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 0.6 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.6g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step (3) into a glass container, adding 0.4g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer in a dark place for 24 hours;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step (4) at the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 8
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 20%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 30kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 25cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 5 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And 3, step 3: measuring 0.9g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of the small blocks, and separatingAdding the seed aqueous solution into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.1g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step 4 at 350 ℃ and 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 9
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 20%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 30kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 25cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 5 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.8g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1 × 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.2g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step 4 at 350 ℃ and 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 10
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 20%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, the electrospinning parameters are set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 30kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 25cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 5 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.7g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 350 deg.C and 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 11
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 20%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 30kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 25cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 5 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.6g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.4g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in the step 4 at 350 ℃ and 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 12
Step 1: adding polylactic acid, a cosolvent of chloroform and acetone (the volume ratio of chloroform to acetone is 3:1) into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And 3, step 3: measuring 0.7g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 13
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate into a beaker 1, and stirring for 120 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 20%;
step 2: when the temperature of the solution is reduced to room temperature, measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive pole of a high-voltage power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative pole of the high-voltage power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.7g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 14
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
and 2, step: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.7g of the polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber film into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: measuring 1-10 g of hyaluronic acid, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, placing the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform hyaluronic acid solution as an adhesive; transferring the solution obtained in the step 3 into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer for 24 hours in a dark place;
and 5: freeze-drying the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and molding under the condition of (2) to obtain the wiping cloth.
Example 15
Step 1: adding polylactic acid and N, N-dimethylformamide into a beaker 1, and stirring for 6 hours on a magnetic stirrer to obtain a polylactic acid solution with the concentration of 10%;
step 2: measuring 2-3 mL of the solution in the beaker 1 in the step A, and injecting the solution into an injector by adopting electrostatic spinning equipment; fixing the injector on the propulsion pump, connecting the positive electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the needle head, and connecting the negative electrode of the high-voltage adjusting power supply to the aluminum foil of the receiving device; then, electrospinning parameters were set: the voltage of a high-voltage power supply is 16kV, the distance between the injector and an aluminum foil of a corresponding receiving device is 15cm, and the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 1 mL/h; meanwhile, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 50%, then the power supply is switched on to obtain the polylactic acid fiber, and the polylactic acid fiber is stored for 24 hours at room temperature.
And step 3: measuring 0.7g of polylactic acid fiber prepared in the step B, and cutting the fiber membrane into about 1X 1cm2Adding 50mL of deionized water solution into the small blocks, and then putting the small blocks into a high-speed stirrer for high-speed stirring;
and 4, step 4: weighing 1-10 g of dextrin, adding into a beaker 2, adding 1-10 g of deionized water, putting the beaker 2 into a 95 ℃ water bath kettle, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a clear and uniform dextrin solution as an adhesive; transferring the solution obtained in the step (3) into a glass container, adding 0.3g of loofah sponge short fiber and the prepared adhesive, stirring for 2 hours, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, immediately freezing in a refrigerator for more than 24 hours, and freeze-drying the sample in a freeze-dryer in a dark place for 24 hours;
and 5: lyophilizing the sponge obtained in step 4 at 220 deg.C under 150kg/m2Hot-pressing and forming under the condition of (1) to obtain the wiping cloth.
The experiment and the result show that:
first, the electrostatic spinning apparatus used in the above comparative examples and examples is composed of three parts, i.e., a high voltage dc power supply, a propeller pump, and a receiving device (e.g., aluminum foil, etc.), which is a prior art apparatus.
Second, the wiping cloths prepared in the above comparative example and examples 1 to 3 (comparative example-3D polylactic acid, example 1-polylactic acid/loofah-0.2, example 2-polylactic acid/loofah-0.3, example 3-polylactic acid/loofah-0.4) were completely immersed in the n-hexane solution for a certain period of time until the swelling equilibrium was reached. And weighing the mass change of the wiping cloth before and after adsorption, and calculating the adsorption capacity of the wiping cloth. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the wiping cloth provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention has the best adsorption capacity.
Thirdly, the wiping cloths prepared in the comparative example and the example 2 (the comparative example-3D polylactic acid, the example 2-polylactic acid/loofah sponge-0.3) are respectively and completely immersed in different organic solutions such as peanut oil, petroleum, cyclohexane, alcohol and n-hexane for a period of time until the expansion balance is reached. And weighing the mass change of the wiping cloth before and after adsorption, and calculating the adsorption capacity of the wiping cloth. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the wiping cloth provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention has good adsorption effect on common grease.
Fourthly, an optical photograph of the process of grease absorption of the wiping cloth (example 2-polylactic acid/loofah sponge-0.3) prepared in the above example 2 is observed, as shown in the attached FIG. 8. As can be seen from the figure, the wiping cloth provided by the embodiment of the invention can quickly absorb grease.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the preparation method provided by the invention is characterized in that the environment-friendly degradable polymer material and natural cellulose are selected as the raw materials of the wiping cloth, and the electrostatic spinning, freeze-drying and hot-pressing technologies are combined to prepare the environment-friendly industrial wiping cloth with the multistage holes in the interior.
2. According to the industrial wiping cloth prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention, water-soluble components in the selected biomass loofah sponge short fiber are fully dissolved in deionized water to form a dilute solution, and the deionized water is sublimated in a freeze drying process to obtain the biomass spider-web fiber with the diameter of less than 10 nanometers. Therefore, the micron-sized loofah sponge short fibers, the nanometer-sized electrostatic spinning polylactic acid fibers and the spider web fibers construct multi-stage pores, and the oil adsorption efficiency and the mechanical property are effectively improved.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention is based on the structural design of biodegradable materials, combines the electrostatic spinning and freeze-drying technologies, constructs the micron-nanometer multistage-pore ultralow-density three-dimensional sponge by regulating and controlling the composition and processing parameters of the micron-level loofah sponge short fibers and the nanometer-level electrostatic spinning polylactic acid fibers, and obtains the industrial wiping cloth with a high interpenetrating network structure through hot pressing. The wiping cloth has the technical effects of high-efficiency oil adsorption, degradability, light weight, no dust generation and environmental friendliness, and also has the advantages of convenience in storage, easiness in carrying and the like.
Tests prove that the wiping cloth can absorb 4000-6000% of organic oil by weight, has good absorption effect on common oil such as peanut oil, petroleum, normal hexane, cyclohexane, alcohol and the like, has light weight, high porosity and large specific surface area of prepared materials due to simple process flow and easily adjustable process parameters, and has wide application prospect in the fields of industrial oil wiping, oily wastewater treatment and the like.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding polylactic acid into a solvent, stirring and mixing to obtain a polylactic acid spinning precursor solution;
step 2: performing electrostatic spinning on the polylactic acid spinning precursor solution prepared in the step 1 to obtain a polylactic acid nanofiber membrane;
and step 3: cutting the polylactic acid nanofiber membrane prepared in the step 2 into small pieces, adding a deionized water solution, and stirring at a high speed to obtain a suspension;
and 4, step 4: adding loofah sponge short fibers into the suspension obtained in the step (3), wherein the mass ratio of the loofah sponge short fibers to the polylactic acid is 1: 9-4: 6, adding an adhesive, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment, then freezing, and performing light-shielding freeze drying to obtain a spongy sample;
and 5: and (4) carrying out hot-press molding on the spongy sample obtained in the step (4) to obtain wiping cloth with different oil absorption contents.
2. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the solvent in the step 1 is one or more of ethanol, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol, N-dimethylacetamide, carbon tetrachloride, N-hexane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, paraformaldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrodifluoride, dimethylformamide, lithium chloride, dimethylacetamide, sodium hydroxide, urea and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate.
3. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the polylactic acid spinning precursor solution prepared in the step 1 is 5-20%.
4. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the adhesive in the step 4 is a water-soluble polymer: one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, gelatin, chitosan, starch and dextrin.
5. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the voltage used in the electrostatic spinning in the step 2 is 8-30 kV, the distance between the injector and the corresponding aluminum foil is 10-25 cm, the propelling speed of the propelling pump is 0.6-5 mL/h, the ambient temperature is 30 ℃, and the humidity is 50%.
6. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 2 also comprises the step of storing the obtained polylactic acid nanofiber membrane for 24 hours at room temperature.
7. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the size of the small blocks cut into the polylactic acid nanofiber membrane in the step 3 is 1 multiplied by 1cm2。
8. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic treatment time of the step 4 is 30 minutes, and the freezing time is 24-48 hours; the temperature of the light-shielding freeze drying is-10 to-35 ℃, and the time of the freeze drying is 24 to 48 hours.
9. The preparation method of the environment-friendly wiping cloth capable of efficiently adsorbing the grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the hot-press plate for hot-press molding in the step 5 is 200-350 ℃, and the pressure is 150kg/m2。
10. The utility model provides an environment-friendly can high-efficient absorption grease wipe cloth which characterized in that: the wiping cloth is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN102605555A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-25 | 西南科技大学 | Preparation method of modified cellulose/polylactic-acid nanometer fiber composite film used for heavy-metal ions to adsorb |
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