CN114643406B - Friction micro-rivet welding method for light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents
Friction micro-rivet welding method for light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114643406B CN114643406B CN202210337622.8A CN202210337622A CN114643406B CN 114643406 B CN114643406 B CN 114643406B CN 202210337622 A CN202210337622 A CN 202210337622A CN 114643406 B CN114643406 B CN 114643406B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a friction micro-rivet welding method for a light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1: cleaning the welding surface of the light alloy and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material; step S2: processing a concave-convex structure on the welding surface of the light alloy; step S3: the welding surface of the light alloy is contacted with the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the friction welding device compresses the light alloy and the fiber reinforced composite material and friction welds and fixes the light alloy and the fiber reinforced composite material. The invention extrudes the melted carbon fiber material into the double-layer cylindrical micro-holes and nano-scale micro-holes by friction welding, realizes macroscopic mechanical embedding (micro-hole structure) and microscopic mechanical embedding (hole structure), and greatly improves the connection strength of the light alloy and the fiber reinforced composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of friction welding, in particular to a friction micro-rivet welding method for a light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced composite material has the advantages of small density (1.1 g/cm < 3 > -1.6 g/cm < 3 >), high strength, no chemical reaction in the forming process, short forming period, repeated use and the like, is a fourth aviation structural material which rapidly develops after aluminum, steel and titanium, and is greatly developed and applied in the industries of automobiles, machinery, medical treatment, sports and the like.
In the use process of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is inevitably connected with other materials, especially various steels and light alloys, wherein the connection of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and the aluminum alloy can meet the strength requirement and the light design requirement, so that the carbon fiber composite material-aluminum alloy connection technology is greatly researched, the existing connection technology can be roughly divided into three categories of gluing, mechanical connection (such as screwing and riveting) and welding technology, and the welding technology is only applicable to composite materials with thermoplastic materials as matrix materials.
Friction welding is a typical solid-state joining technique and has the basic characteristics of good joint quality, suitability for joining homogeneous or heterogeneous metals, high productivity, energy saving, no pollution and the like. However, the current research shows that the friction welding carbon fiber reinforced composite material-aluminum alloy joint has lower strength and is easy to cause early failure, and the application of the friction welding technology in the aspect of heterojunction joint connection is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a friction micro-rivet welding method for a light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material, and solves the problem that the existing friction welding carbon fiber reinforced composite material and aluminum alloy joint has lower strength.
The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: cleaning the welding surface of the light alloy and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material;
step S2: processing a concave-convex structure on the welding surface of the light alloy;
step S3: the welding surface of the light alloy is contacted with the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the friction welding device compresses the light alloy and the fiber reinforced composite material and friction welds and fixes the light alloy and the fiber reinforced composite material.
Further, the cleaning method in the step S1 is to clean the welding surface of the light alloy and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material by using an organic solvent, and remove impurities on the welding surface of the light alloy and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material.
Further, the step S2 includes the steps of:
step S21: scanning the welding surface of the light alloy by using a laser through pulse laser, wherein the welding surface of the light alloy is formed with a micropore structure after laser etching;
step S22: performing anodic oxidation treatment on the welding surface of the light alloy obtained in the step S21 by using anodic oxidation equipment, so that an uneven hole structure is formed on the welding surface of the light alloy;
step S23: after the anodic oxidation treatment is finished, the light alloy is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the light alloy is dried by cold air.
Further, the micropore structure comprises first blind holes, and the distances between two adjacent first blind holes are equal.
Further, the microporous structure further comprises a column body, and the column body is located inside the first blind hole.
Further, the micropore structure further comprises a second blind hole, the second blind hole is formed in the cylinder, and the opening directions of the first blind hole and the second blind hole are the same; the cylinder is a cylinder or a round table, the inner cavity of the first blind hole is a cylinder or a round table, and the inner cavity of the second blind hole is a cylinder or a round table; the axes of the cylinder, the first blind hole and the second blind hole are coincident.
Further, the area of the top surface of the first blind hole is smaller than or equal to the area of the bottom surface of the first blind hole; the area of the top surface of the second blind hole is smaller than or equal to the area of the bottom surface of the second blind hole.
Further, the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the first blind hole is 100-130 degrees, and the height of the first blind hole is 0.05-1 mm; the included angle between the side face and the bottom face of the second blind hole is 100-130 degrees, and the height of the second blind hole is 0.2-1 mm.
Further, the anodic oxidation liquid in the step S22 is selected to be a phosphoric acid solution, and the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 10% -30% (mass fraction); the oxidation power supply is a constant voltage power supply with the voltage of 10V-25V, the light alloy is used as an anode, and the lead plate is used as a cathode; the anodic oxidation treatment time is 10min-40min.
Further, the friction welding device comprises a welding head, the welding head heats the light alloy through autorotation in the welding process, the light alloy heats the fiber reinforced composite material to enable the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material to be melted, and the welding head applies pressure to the light alloy towards the fiber reinforced composite material; the light alloy is aluminum alloy, and the fiber reinforced composite material is carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The connection strength of the light alloy is positively correlated with the connection area of the joint (welding plane), double-layer cylindrical micro holes are formed by laser etching, nano-scale micro holes are formed by anodic oxidation treatment, and the contact area is doubled, so that the connection strength is improved;
(2) The melted carbon fiber material is extruded into the double-layer cylindrical micro-holes and the nano-scale micro-holes through friction welding, so that macro mechanical embedding (micro-hole structure) and micro mechanical embedding (hole structure) are realized, and the connection strength of the light alloy and the fiber reinforced composite material is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only one embodiment of the present invention, and that other embodiments of the drawings may be derived from the drawings provided without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1: schematic diagram of friction welding principle;
fig. 2: the welding surface of the light alloy after anodic oxidation treatment;
fig. 3: a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the light alloy;
fig. 4: schematic top view structure of light alloy;
fig. 5: schematic cross-sectional structure of the light alloy at A-A;
fig. 6: a second three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the light alloy;
fig. 7: a top view structure schematic diagram of the light alloy is II;
fig. 8: schematic cross-sectional structure of the light alloy at B-B;
fig. 9: three dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the light alloy;
fig. 10: thirdly, a schematic top view structure of the light alloy;
fig. 11: schematic cross-sectional structure of the light alloy at C-C;
fig. 12: schematic view of a partial enlarged structure of the light alloy at D;
fig. 13: a cross-sectional partial structural schematic of the light alloy;
fig. 14: a second schematic sectional partial structure of the light alloy;
fig. 15: a third schematic sectional partial structure of the light alloy;
fig. 16: a cross-sectional partial structure schematic diagram of the light alloy is fourth;
fig. 17: the light alloy in fig. 13 is a schematic sectional partial structure after the welding is completed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples:
embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1 to 8, the embodiment provides a friction micro-rivet welding method for a light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: cleaning the welding surface of the light alloy 1 and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material 2;
step S2: processing a concave-convex structure on the welding surface of the light alloy 1; the concave-convex structure comprises a micropore structure and a hole structure;
step S3: the welding surface of the light alloy 1 is contacted with the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material 2, and the friction welding device compresses the light alloy 1 and the fiber reinforced composite material 2 and fixes the light alloy 1 and the fiber reinforced composite material 2 through friction welding.
Further, the cleaning method in the step S1 is to clean the welding surface of the light alloy 1 and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material 2 by using an organic solvent, and remove impurities on the welding surface of the light alloy 1 and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material 2.
Further, the step S2 includes the steps of:
step S21: using a laser to scan the welding surface of the light alloy 1 by pulse laser, wherein the laser power is 50W-100W, the scanning speed is 0.5m/min-2m/min, the scanning repetition frequency is 40Hz-100Hz, and the welding surface of the light alloy 1 is formed with a micropore structure after laser etching; the microporation area accounts for 30% -70% of the total area of the joint;
step S22: performing anodic oxidation treatment on the welding surface of the light alloy 1 after the step S21 by using anodic oxidation equipment, so that an uneven hole structure is formed on the welding surface of the light alloy 1;
step S23: after the anodic oxidation treatment is finished, the light alloy 1 is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the light alloy 1 is dried by cold air.
Further, the microporous structure comprises first blind holes 10, and the distances between two adjacent first blind holes 10 are equal.
Further, the inner cavity of the first blind hole 10 is a cylinder or a truncated cone.
Further, the area of the top surface of the first blind hole 10 is smaller than or equal to the area of the bottom surface thereof.
Further, the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the first blind hole 10 is 100 ° -130 °, and the height of the first blind hole 10 is 0.05mm-1mm.
Further, the anodic oxidation liquid in the step S22 is selected to be a phosphoric acid solution, and the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 10-30% by mass fraction; the oxidation power supply is a constant voltage power supply with the voltage of 10V-25V, the light alloy 1 is used as an anode, and the lead plate is used as a cathode; the anodic oxidation treatment time is 10min-40min.
Further, the friction welding device comprises a welding head 3, the welding head 3 heats the light alloy 1 through autorotation in the welding process, the light alloy 1 heats the fiber reinforced composite material 2 to melt the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material, and the welding head 3 applies pressure to the light alloy 1 towards the fiber reinforced composite material 2; the light alloy 1 is an aluminum alloy, and the fiber reinforced composite material 2 is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
Working principle:
all the first blind holes 10 form a square matrix with equal number of rows and columns. During welding, the welding head 3 presses the light alloy 1 onto the upper fiber reinforced composite material 2, rotates, and moves along the welding direction. Friction between the weld head 3 and the light alloy 1 generates heat, the temperature of the light alloy 1 increases and the heat is transferred to the fiber reinforced composite material 2. After melting, the fiber reinforced composite material 2 is extruded into the inner cavity of the first blind hole 10 under pressure, and after welding is finished, the fiber reinforced composite material 2 is solidified in the inner cavity of the first blind hole 10, and the light alloy 1 and the fiber reinforced composite material 2 are riveted and fixed together.
After solidification of the fiber reinforced composite 2, the fiber reinforced composite 2 is formed with protrusions that conform to the sides and bottom of the first blind holes 10.
The first blind hole 10 (as shown in fig. 6 to 8) with the circular truncated cone-shaped inner cavity has the protruding maximum diameter larger than the top surface diameter (i.e. the diameter of the opening) of the first blind hole 10, so that the protruding part cannot be extracted from the first blind hole 10, and the connection strength of the light alloy 1 and the fiber reinforced composite material 2 is further improved.
The first blind hole 10 with the inner cavity being a circular truncated cone is shown in fig. 3 to 5.
Wherein, the welding surface (including the bottom surface and the side surface of the first blind hole 10) of the light alloy 1 after the anodic oxidation treatment is formed with a nano-scale hole structure (as shown in fig. 2), the contact area of the light alloy 1 and the fiber reinforced composite material 2 is doubly increased, and thus the connection strength is improved.
Embodiment two:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 16, this embodiment is a further optimization scheme of the first embodiment.
Further, the microporous structure further comprises a column 11, and the column 11 is located inside the first blind hole 10.
Further, the cylinder 11 is a cylinder or a round table, and the axes of the cylinder 11 and the first blind hole 10 are coincident.
Further, the diameter of the top surface of the column 11 is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the bottom surface thereof.
Working principle:
the fiber reinforced composite material 2 is solidified in the first blind hole 10 to form a hollow annular bulge, the outer side surface of the bulge is attached to the side surface of the first blind hole 10, and the inner side surface of the bulge is attached to the side surface of the cylinder 11. In the embodiment, the column 11 is added in the first blind hole 10, so that the contact area of the fiber reinforced composite material 2 and the light alloy 1 is increased, and the connection strength of the fiber reinforced composite material 2 and the light alloy 1 is improved.
Embodiment III:
as shown in fig. 1, 2, 9 to 15 and 17, this embodiment is a further optimization scheme of the second embodiment.
Further, the micropore structure further comprises a second blind hole 12, the second blind hole 12 is formed inside the column 11, and the opening directions of the first blind hole 10 and the second blind hole 12 are the same; the inner cavity of the second blind hole 12 is a cylinder or a round table; the axes of the cylinder 11, the first blind hole 10 and the second blind hole 12 coincide.
Further, the area of the top surface of the second blind hole 12 is smaller than or equal to the area of the bottom surface thereof.
Further, the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the second blind hole 12 is 100 ° -130 °, and the height of the second blind hole 12 is 0.2mm-1mm.
Working principle:
as shown in fig. 17, the protrusions of the fiber reinforced composite material 2 formed by solidification in the first blind hole 10 and the second blind hole 12 are bonded to the side surfaces of the first blind hole 10 on the outer side surfaces of the protrusions, and the inside of the protrusions are bonded to the inner side surfaces and the outer side surfaces of the column 11. In the embodiment, the second blind hole 12 is added in the column 11, so that the contact area of the fiber reinforced composite material 2 and the light alloy 1 is further increased, and the connection strength of the fiber reinforced composite material and the light alloy 1 is improved.
When the first blind hole 10, the column 11 and the second blind hole 12 are all cylinders, as shown in fig. 9 to 12; when the first blind hole 10, the column 11 and the second blind hole 12 are all round tables, as shown in fig. 13 and 17; when the first blind hole 10 is a circular truncated cone, the cylinder 11 and the second blind hole 12 are all cylinders, as shown in fig. 14; when the first blind hole 10 is a cylinder, the cylinder 11 and the second blind hole 12 are all round tables, as shown in fig. 15.
The present invention has been described above by way of example, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any modifications or variations based on the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: cleaning the welding surface of the light alloy (1) and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material (2);
step S2: processing a concave-convex structure on the welding surface of the light alloy (1);
step S3: the welding surface of the light alloy (1) is contacted with the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material (2), the friction welding device compresses the light alloy (1) and the fiber reinforced composite material (2) and friction welds and fixes the light alloy (1) and the fiber reinforced composite material (2);
the step S2 includes the steps of:
step S21: scanning the welding surface of the light alloy (1) by using a laser through pulse laser, wherein the welding surface of the light alloy (1) is formed with a micropore structure after laser etching;
step S22: performing anodic oxidation treatment on the welding surface of the light alloy (1) after the step S21 by using anodic oxidation equipment, so that the welding surface of the light alloy (1) is formed with an uneven hole structure;
step S23: after the anodic oxidation treatment is finished, cleaning the light alloy (1) in an ultrasonic cleaner, and drying the light alloy (1) by cold air;
the micropore structure comprises first blind holes (10), and the distances between two adjacent first blind holes (10) are equal;
the microporous structure further comprises a column body (11), and the column body (11) is positioned in the first blind hole (10);
the micropore structure further comprises a second blind hole (12), the second blind hole (12) is formed in the cylinder (11), and the opening directions of the first blind hole (10) and the second blind hole (12) are the same; the cylinder (11) is a cylinder or a round table, the inner cavity of the first blind hole (10) is a cylinder or a round table, and the inner cavity of the second blind hole (12) is a cylinder or a round table; the axes of the cylinder (11), the first blind hole (10) and the second blind hole (12) are coincident.
2. The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cleaning method in the step S1 is to clean the welding surface of the light alloy (1) and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material (2) by using an organic solvent, and remove impurities on the welding surface of the light alloy (1) and the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material (2).
3. The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the area of the top surface of the first blind hole (10) is smaller than or equal to the area of the bottom surface of the first blind hole; the area of the top surface of the second blind hole (12) is smaller than or equal to the area of the bottom surface of the second blind hole.
4. The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the first blind hole (10) is 100-130 degrees, and the height of the first blind hole (10) is 0.05-1 mm; the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the second blind hole (12) is 100-130 degrees, and the height of the second blind hole (12) is 0.2-1 mm.
5. The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the anodic oxidation liquid in the step S22 selects a phosphoric acid solution, wherein the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 10% -30% (mass fraction); the oxidation power supply is a constant voltage power supply with the voltage of 10V-25V, the light alloy (1) is used as an anode, and the lead plate is used as a cathode; the anodic oxidation treatment time is 10min-40min.
6. The friction micro-rivet welding method for the light alloy and fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the friction welding device comprises a welding head (3), wherein the welding head (3) heats the light alloy (1) through autorotation in the welding process, the light alloy (1) heats the fiber reinforced composite material (2) to enable the welding surface of the fiber reinforced composite material to be melted, and the welding head (3) applies pressure to the light alloy (1) towards the fiber reinforced composite material (2); the light alloy (1) is an aluminum alloy, and the fiber reinforced composite material (2) is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102265714A (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2011-11-30 | 富士通株式会社 | Electronic component and method for manufacturing same |
| CN105689912A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-22 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Systems and methods for joining components |
| CN111958979A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-20 | 华南理工大学 | Friction lap welding method for metal and thermoplastic resin material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20180073532A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | System and process for joining dissimilar materials and solid-state interlocking joint with intermetallic interface formed thereby |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102265714A (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2011-11-30 | 富士通株式会社 | Electronic component and method for manufacturing same |
| CN105689912A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-22 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Systems and methods for joining components |
| CN111958979A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-20 | 华南理工大学 | Friction lap welding method for metal and thermoplastic resin material |
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Effective date of registration: 20230804 Address after: No. 188, Jinhong West Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266000 Applicant after: Harbin Welding guochuang (Qingdao) Welding Engineering Innovation Center Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: National high speed train Qingdao Technology Innovation Center Address before: No. 188, Jinhong West Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266000 Applicant before: Harbin Welding guochuang (Qingdao) Welding Engineering Innovation Center Co.,Ltd. |
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