CN114643391B - Automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for worm - Google Patents
Automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for worm Download PDFInfo
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- CN114643391B CN114643391B CN202210285880.6A CN202210285880A CN114643391B CN 114643391 B CN114643391 B CN 114643391B CN 202210285880 A CN202210285880 A CN 202210285880A CN 114643391 B CN114643391 B CN 114643391B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F13/00—Making worms by methods essentially requiring the use of machines of the gear-cutting type
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic processing method for combining milling and grinding of a worm, which comprises the following steps: obtaining worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters; performing parameter inspection and judgment; selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining; performing milling rough machining, performing milling width cycle judgment, finishing the condition width cycle, performing worm milling depth cycle, and otherwise performing the next milling width cycle; and (3) milling depth circulation judgment: finishing the depth circulation if the condition is met, finishing the rough milling, carrying out selection judgment on milling rough machining and grinding finish machining, and otherwise, entering the next milling depth circulation; grinding finish machining is carried out, and grinding depth circulation judgment is carried out: and if the conditions are met, finishing the grinding depth cycle, finishing the whole worm machining process, and otherwise, entering the next grinding depth cycle. The invention can automatically complete the whole processing process by acquiring the most basic shape parameters and milling and grinding processing parameters, thereby improving the overall efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic machining of numerical control systems of machine tools, in particular to an automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for a worm.
Background
The existing roller worm is generally processed by using manual programming and CAM software programming on special equipment for worm processing. The two processing modes have higher requirements on the professional level of on-site operators, so that the labor cost and the time cost are too high; meanwhile, due to frequent manual operation, the impact of the main factors is too high, the collision, the cutter breakage and the cutter abrasion are easy to occur, the equipment utilization rate is too low, the product percent of pass is unstable, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic processing method for combining milling and grinding of a worm, and the most basic shape parameters, milling and grinding processing parameters are obtained, so that the whole processing process can be automatically completed, and the problems of overhigh field production cost, overlow production efficiency, low product percent of pass and the like are solved.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an automatic machining system that combines milling and grinding for a worm.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide a computing device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an automatic machining method for combining milling and grinding of a worm, which comprises the following steps of:
obtaining worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters;
performing parameter inspection and judgment, and judging whether the shape parameters and the processing parameters meet preset conditions or not;
after the parameter inspection and judgment, carrying out a worm machining step, and selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining;
the milling rough machining steps specifically comprise: initializing milling rough machining parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the milling depth of the last cutter and the feeding amount of each time in the direction of a milling cutter shaft, and the milling width is the superposition of the milling width of the last cutter and the transverse feeding amount;
the B rotating shaft is operated to a B-axis milling negative starting point angle, the X-axis is operated to a calculated X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle minus the length of the milling cutter, B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis negative end point angle and the C-axis positive operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis positive operation, the B rotating shaft is operated to the B-axis milling positive starting point angle, and B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis positive end point angle and the C-axis negative operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis negative operation;
and (3) milling width cycle judgment: judging whether the milling width is larger than or equal to the milling unilateral width, if so, ending the width cycle, and performing worm milling depth cycle, otherwise, performing the next milling width cycle;
and (3) milling depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current milling depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the depth cycle, finishing rough milling, selecting and judging milling rough milling and grinding finish milling, otherwise, entering the next milling depth cycle;
the grinding finishing step specifically comprises the following steps: initializing grinding finishing parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the previous milling depth and the feeding amount of the knife in the knife sharpening shaft direction each time;
the X-axis is operated to an X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between an inner circle and an outer circle minus the current milling depth, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a first angle and a C-axis, the first angle is twice the included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a second angle and a negative C-axis, and the second angle is twice the included angle between the cutter axis and the U-axis;
and (3) grinding depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current finish machining depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the grinding depth cycle, finishing the whole worm machining process, and otherwise, entering the next grinding depth cycle.
As the preferable technical scheme, the worm parameters comprise the length of the worm, the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle, the diameter of the inner circle and the transmission ratio of the worm and the worm wheel;
the rough milling parameters comprise the diameter of a rough milling cutter, single-side allowance, transverse feed amount, each feed amount in the axial direction of the rough milling cutter, main shaft rotating speed, first cutter cutting speed and normal cutting speed;
the fine grinding parameters comprise the diameter of a fine grinding wheel, the feeding amount of each time in the direction of a fine grinding cutter shaft, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the grinding speed.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the milling rough machining step, the B rotating shaft is operated to a B-axis milling negative start angle, the B-axis milling negative start angle is an overlapping value of an included angle AOC and an included angle EOG, wherein the included angle AOC is an included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, and the included angle EOG is an included angle between a cutter axis length OG and a current milling depth OE.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the milling rough machining step, the negative end point angle of B-axis milling is an included angle AOC minus an included angle EOG, the operation angle required by C-axis positive machining is the negative end point angle of B-axis milling multiplied by the worm gear transmission ratio, wherein the included angle AOC is an included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, and the included angle EOG is an included angle between the length OG of the cutter axis and the current milling depth OE.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the milling rough machining step, the angle of the forward starting point of B-axis milling is the added value of an included angle AOC and an included angle EOG, wherein the included angle AOC is the included angle between the axis of the cutter and the U-axis, and the included angle EOG is the included angle between the axis length OG of the milling cutter and the current milling depth OE.
As the preferable technical scheme, the positive end point angle of the B axis takes a relative value relative to the starting point angle, and the operation angle required by the negative machining of the C axis is the positive end point angle of the B axis milling machining multiplied by the worm gear ratio.
As a preferable technical scheme, when the milling depth cycle is completed, the front milling depth is half of the diameter of the inner circle, and when the milling width cycle is completed, the front milling width is half of the diameter of the rough milling cutter.
As a preferred solution, when the milling depth cycle is completed, the current milling depth is half the diameter of the inner circle.
In order to achieve the second object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an automated machining system for a combination of milling and grinding for a worm, comprising: the device comprises a parameter acquisition module, a parameter inspection judging module, a processing selection module, a milling rough processing module, a grinding finish processing module, a milling width circulation judging module, a milling depth circulation judging module and a milling depth circulation judging module;
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters;
the parameter checking and judging module is used for performing parameter checking and judging, and judging whether the shape parameter and the processing parameter meet preset conditions or not;
the machining selection module is used for selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining;
the milling rough machining module is used for performing milling rough machining and specifically comprises the following steps: initializing milling rough machining parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the milling depth of the last cutter and the feeding amount of each time in the direction of a milling cutter shaft, and the milling width is the superposition of the milling width of the last cutter and the transverse feeding amount;
the B rotating shaft is operated to a B-axis milling negative starting point angle, the X-axis is operated to a calculated X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle minus the length of the milling cutter, B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis negative end point angle and the C-axis positive operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis positive operation, the B rotating shaft is operated to the B-axis milling positive starting point angle, and B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis positive end point angle and the C-axis negative operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis negative operation;
the milling width circulation judging module is used for carrying out milling width circulation judgment: judging whether the milling width is larger than or equal to the milling unilateral width, if so, ending the width cycle, and performing worm milling depth cycle;
the milling depth circulation judging module is used for carrying out milling depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current milling depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the depth circulation, and finishing the rough milling;
the grinding finishing module is used for grinding finishing and specifically comprises: initializing grinding finishing parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the previous milling depth and the feeding amount of the knife in the knife sharpening shaft direction each time;
the X-axis is operated to an X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between an inner circle and an outer circle minus the current milling depth, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a first angle and a C-axis, the first angle is twice the included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a second angle and a negative C-axis, and the second angle is twice the included angle between the cutter axis and the U-axis;
the grinding depth circulation judging module is used for carrying out grinding depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current finish machining depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the circulation of the finish machining depth, and finishing the whole worm machining process.
In order to achieve the third object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a computing device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a program executable by the processor, when executing the program stored by the memory, implementing the above-described automated machining method for a combination of milling and grinding of a worm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The invention obtains the most basic shape parameters, milling and grinding processing parameters, the system can automatically complete the whole processing process, and if different worm products are processed later, only part of parameters are needed to be changed, and manual intervention is not needed during the processing process, thereby solving the problems of overhigh field production cost, overlow production efficiency, low product percent of pass and the like, reducing the problems of machine tool collision, cutter breakage, cutter early wear and the like caused by misoperation, improving the production efficiency, saving the production cost, reducing the error of manual operation and improving the percent of pass of products.
(2) The automatic milling and finishing device automatically completes milling rough machining and grinding finish machining, realizes automatic data acquisition, automatic data inspection and automatic milling rough machining and grinding finish machining, realizes automation of the whole worm machining process, solves the problems of manual misoperation, overhigh product rejection rate, easy damage of a machine tool and the like in the traditional machining process, improves the product qualification rate, prolongs the service life of equipment, reduces the process preparation time and improves the overall efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for a worm of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a milling roughing process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a milling roughing process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the grinding finishing of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the grinding finishing process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an automatic processing method for combining milling and grinding for a worm, including the following steps:
s1: obtaining worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
wherein, the worm parameters include: the length of the worm, the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle, the diameter of the inner circle and the transmission ratio of the worm and the gear;
the rough milling parameters include: the diameter of the rough milling cutter, the unilateral allowance, the transverse feed amount, the feed amount of the rough milling cutter in the axial direction each time, the rotating speed of the main shaft, the first cutting speed and the normal cutting speed;
the refining parameters include: the diameter of the fine grinding wheel, the feeding amount of the fine grinding cutter shaft in each time, the rotating speed of the main shaft and the grinding speed;
displaying a portion of the process state variables, comprising: current rough milling radius, current rough milling angle, current fine milling radius, angle AOB of cutter axis and Y axis;
s2: after obtaining the worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters, carrying out parameter inspection and judgment, wherein the data involved in judgment comprise shape parameters and machining parameters;
wherein the shape parameters comprise the diameter of the outer circle, the diameter of the inner circle and the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle; the processing parameters comprise the diameter of a rough milling cutter and the diameter of a fine grinding wheel, and the specific steps comprise:
s21: if the diameter of the outer circle is larger than or equal to the diameter of the inner circle, judging that the diameter parameters of the inner circle and the outer circle are set with errors;
s22: if the diameter of the rough milling cutter is larger than the diameter of the fine grinding wheel, judging that the parameter is set to be wrong, wherein the diameter of the rough milling cutter cannot be larger than the diameter of the fine grinding wheel;
s23: if the radius of the inner circle (namely, the diameter of the inner circle/2) is larger than or equal to the center distance of the inner circle and the outer circle, the judgment parameters are set with errors;
after the parameter inspection and judgment are carried out to confirm that the data are correct, carrying out worm machining steps, and selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining;
s3: calculating an included angle AOC between the axis of the cutter and the U shaft:
referring to fig. 4, a straight line AO in the drawing is a U-axis; OC is the tool axis (length is the inner radius of the worm); BD is worm length; ab=bd/2 (i.e. half the worm length); BC is the finish grinding wheel radius.
The following parameters were calculated:
included angle of the cutter: boc=atan [ BC/OC ];
length of the cutter corner edge: ob=sqrt [ bc2+oc2];
included angle: angle AOB = ASIN [ AB/OB ];
included angle between cutter axis and U axle: angle aoc= angle boc+ & AOB;
s4: selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining;
as shown in fig. 3, the milling rough machining step: the milling rough machining process of the worm is completed by calculating a machining depth coordinate X, B axis positive direction starting point angle, a B axis positive direction ending point angle, a B axis negative direction starting point angle, a B axis negative direction ending point angle, a C axis positive rotation angle, a C axis negative rotation angle and the like through nesting each other in a depth cycle and a width cycle, positioning an X/U/Z axis and carrying out B/C axis in an intermodal manner (the movement direction and the mutual relation of the X axis and the Z axis of a machine tool are vertical directions, Z is a left-right movement straight line, U is a straight line parallel to the X axis, B is a rotation axis on an XZ coordinate plane, and C is a rotation axis rotating around the Z axis).
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
initializing a current cutting radius, and if the cutting radius is smaller than or equal to 0, indicating that the current machining is primary machining, wherein the current cutting radius is equal to the diameter/2 of the outer circle (namely, the outer circle radius);
initializing the current cutting width, and if the cutting width is less than or equal to 0, representing that the current machining is primary machining, wherein the current cutting width=the diameter/2 of the milling cutter (namely, the radius of the milling cutter);
initializing a milling depth cycle completion flag to 0, indicating that the milling depth cycle is not complete;
initializing a milling width cycle completion flag to 0, indicating that the milling width cycle is not complete;
initial X-axis coordinate = inner and outer circle center distance-current cutting radius;
calculating the current milling depth OE=the previous milling depth+the feeding amount of each time in the milling shaft direction, and when the milling depth circulation is completed, calculating the current milling depth OE=the inner circle diameter/2;
calculating milling width ef=last cutter milling width+transverse feed, and when the milling width cycle is completed, the current milling width ef=rough milling cutter diameter/2;
the B rotating shaft is operated to a B shaft milling negative starting point angle in an absolute value and feeding mode per minute;
in this embodiment, the absolute value refers to the distance from the point corresponding to one number on the number axis to the origin, and the feed per minute refers to the length of the tool movement path per minute.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the OJ line segment of fig. 2 corresponds to OC of fig. 4, and the PMNK profile of fig. 2 corresponds to the grinding head profile of fig. 4, thereby obtaining: the included angle between the axial length OG of the milling cutter and the zero-degree straight line AO in fig. 4 is the starting point angle of the axial line of the milling cutter, which is also called as the negative starting point angle = angle AOC +eog of B-axis milling, and takes a negative value according to the machine tool structure.
In this embodiment, the angle between the axial length OG OF the milling cutter and the current milling depth OE +.eog= +.eof- +.gof, where the angle eof=asin [ EF/OF ] is calculated in an auxiliary manner for the auxiliary triangular angle OEF]Auxiliary calculation angle of auxiliary triangle OGFs GOF=Atan [ FG/OG ]]Auxiliary triangle OEF auxiliary calculation long side
Auxiliary calculation straight edge OG of auxiliary triangle OGFs, i.e. milling cutter axial length +.>
Milling tool radius FG = milling tool diameter/2, millingWork single side width ef= [ ef—single side margin ×2]/2；
The X-ray axis runs to the calculated X-axis coordinate position in an absolute value and feeding mode every minute, and X-axis coordinate = inner and outer circle center distance-milling cutter axis length OG;
b, C shaft joint operation is carried out to the position of the calculated negative end point angle of the B shaft and the calculated coordinate position of the operation angle required by the C shaft positive machining in a relative value and feeding mode per minute;
in the present embodiment, the relative value is a difference from a standard value.
In this embodiment, since the machining process of the worm workpiece has symmetry with respect to the center line (i.e., the line segment OC in fig. 4), the B-axis milling negative end point angle = AOC- & gteog is obtained.
In this embodiment, the required running angle for the C-axis positive working=the B-axis milling negative end point angle.
The B rotating shaft is operated to the calculated forward starting point angle of B shaft milling in an absolute value and feeding mode per minute;
because the machining process of the worm workpiece has symmetry relative to a central line (namely a line segment OJ in fig. 2), a positive value of a forward starting point angle of B-axis milling machining is obtained, namely the angle AOC+EOG is obtained according to the machine tool structure.
The B, C shaft intermodal runs to the calculated B-axis positive endpoint angle and calculated C-axis negative process desired run angle coordinate positions at relative values, feed per minute.
In this embodiment, the workpiece machining process has symmetry about the centerline (i.e., segment OC in fig. 4) due to the worm. And obtaining a positive end point angle of B-axis milling machining= - [ -AOC- ] -EOG ], and taking a relative value of the positive end point angle of B-axis relative to the start point angle according to the operation mode of the machine tool.
The required running angle for the negative C-axis machining = positive B-axis milling end point angle × worm gear ratio.
Judging whether the width circulation is completed or not, wherein the judgment basis is as follows: whether the milling width is larger than or equal to the milling unilateral width. If so, finishing the width cycle, entering the next depth cycle, continuing to operate the worm milling depth cycle, otherwise, jumping to milling the width calculation, and entering the next width cycle.
Judging whether the deep circulation is completed or not, wherein the judgment basis is as follows: whether the current milling depth OE is greater than or equal to the inner diameter/2. If yes, the deep cycle is ended, the rough milling is ended, the main cycle is skipped to be processed, the selection judgment of the rough milling and the finish milling is carried out, and if not, the next deep cycle is entered.
As shown in fig. 5, the grinding finishing step specifically includes:
the grinding process is only a deep cycle, and the dimension of the worm in the width direction is controlled by the diameter of the grinding head. The accurate grinding process of the worm can be completed by controlling the X-axis machining depth, positioning the U/Z axis and carrying out B/C axis intermodal transportation.
And calculating the operation angle required by the forward machining of the C axis. As shown in fig. 4, since the worm workpiece machining process has symmetry with respect to the centerline (i.e., line segment OA in the drawing), it is derived that: and the required running angle of the C-axis forward machining=the included angle between the cutter axis and the U-axis +.AOC.times.2. The worm gear ratio.
And calculating the current milling depth OC=the previous milling depth+the feeding amount of each time in the direction of the knife sharpening axis. If the "depth cycle" has been completed, the current milling depth oc=inner diameter/2;
the X-axis coordinate=center distance between the inner and outer circles-current milling depth OC.
The X linear axis runs to the calculated X axis coordinate position in an absolute value and feeding mode per minute;
the B, C shaft joint operation is operated to the coordinate positions of calculated 'included angle AOC 2 of the cutter shaft line and the U shaft' and calculated 'operation angle required by C shaft forward machining' in a relative value and feeding mode per minute.
The B, C shaft joint operation is operated to the coordinate positions of calculated negative direction 'included angle between the cutter shaft line and the U shaft is 2 AOC' and calculated negative direction 'required operation angle for positive C shaft machining' in a feeding mode of relative value per minute.
Judging whether the deep circulation is completed or not, wherein the judgment basis is as follows: whether the current finish depth OC is greater than or equal to the inner diameter/2.
If so, the side depth cycle is ended, the finish grinding processing module is ended, and the whole worm processing process is ended. Otherwise, the process jumps to the current milling depth calculation and enters the next depth cycle.
In this embodiment, only the most basic shape parameters, milling parameters, grinding parameters of the worm need to be input. The system can automatically complete the whole process from rough machining to finish machining of the whole roller worm. And (3) different worm products are processed later, and only part of parameters are required to be changed in the interface. The manual intervention is not needed in the middle of the processing process, so that the labor cost and the working time cost are saved, and meanwhile, due to the fact that automatic processing is realized, one worker can operate a plurality of devices at the same time, the production cost is further saved, the error of manual operation is reduced, the qualification rate of products is improved, and the problems of machine tool collision, cutter breakage, cutter early abrasion and the like caused by misoperation are reduced.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for a worm, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters;
performing parameter inspection and judgment, and judging whether the shape parameters and the processing parameters meet preset conditions or not;
after the parameter inspection and judgment, carrying out a worm machining step, and selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining;
the milling rough machining steps specifically comprise: initializing milling rough machining parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the milling depth of the last cutter and the feeding amount of each time in the direction of a milling cutter shaft, and the milling width is the superposition of the milling width of the last cutter and the transverse feeding amount;
the B rotating shaft is operated to a B-axis milling negative starting point angle, the X-axis is operated to a calculated X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle minus the length of the milling cutter, B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis negative end point angle and the C-axis positive operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis positive operation, the B rotating shaft is operated to the B-axis milling positive starting point angle, and B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis positive end point angle and the C-axis negative operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis negative operation;
and (3) milling width cycle judgment: judging whether the milling width is larger than or equal to the milling unilateral width, if so, ending the width cycle, and performing worm milling depth cycle, otherwise, performing the next milling width cycle;
and (3) milling depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current milling depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the depth cycle, finishing rough milling, selecting and judging milling rough milling and grinding finish milling, otherwise, entering the next milling depth cycle;
the grinding finishing step specifically comprises the following steps: initializing grinding finishing parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the previous milling depth and the feeding amount of the knife in the knife sharpening shaft direction each time;
the X-axis is operated to an X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between an inner circle and an outer circle minus the current milling depth, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a first angle and a C-axis, the first angle is twice the included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a second angle and a negative C-axis, and the second angle is twice the included angle between the cutter axis and the U-axis;
and (3) grinding depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current finish machining depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the grinding depth cycle, finishing the whole worm machining process, and otherwise, entering the next grinding depth cycle.
2. The combined milling and grinding automatic machining method for a worm according to claim 1, wherein the worm parameters comprise length of the worm, center distance between inner circle and outer circle, diameter of inner circle and gear ratio of worm and gear;
the rough milling parameters comprise the diameter of a rough milling cutter, single-side allowance, transverse feed amount, each feed amount in the axial direction of the rough milling cutter, main shaft rotating speed, first cutter cutting speed and normal cutting speed;
the fine grinding parameters comprise the diameter of a fine grinding wheel, the feeding amount of each time in the direction of a fine grinding cutter shaft, the rotating speed of a main shaft and the grinding speed.
3. The automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for the worm according to claim 1, wherein in the milling rough machining step, the B rotating shaft is operated to a B-axis milling negative starting point angle, the B-axis milling negative starting point angle is an overlapping value of an included angle AOC and an included angle EOG, the included angle AOC is an included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, and the included angle EOG is an included angle between a cutter axis length OG and a current milling depth OE.
4. The automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for the worm according to claim 1, wherein in the milling rough machining step, the negative end point angle of B-axis milling is an included angle AOC minus an included angle EOG, the required operation angle of C-axis positive machining is the negative end point angle of B-axis milling multiplied by the worm gear transmission ratio, wherein the included angle AOC is an included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, and the included angle EOG is an included angle between the length OG of the cutter axis and the current milling depth OE.
5. The automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for the worm according to claim 1, wherein in the milling rough machining step, the angle of the forward starting point of the B-axis milling is the superimposed value of an angle AOC and an angle EOG, wherein the angle AOC is the angle between the axis of the tool and the U-axis, and the angle EOG is the angle between the axis length OG of the milling tool and the current milling depth OE.
6. The automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for the worm according to claim 1, wherein the positive end point angle of the B axis takes a relative value with respect to the start point angle, and the required operation angle for the negative machining of the C axis is the positive end point angle of the B axis milling multiplied by the worm gear ratio.
7. The automatic machining method combining milling and grinding for a worm according to claim 1, wherein the front milling depth is half the diameter of the inner circle when the milling depth cycle is completed, and the front milling width is half the diameter of the rough milling tool when the milling width cycle is completed.
8. The combined milling and grinding automatic machining method for a worm of claim 1, wherein when the grinding depth cycle is completed, the current milling depth is half the diameter of the inner circle.
9. An automatic machining system for a worm that combines milling and grinding, comprising: the device comprises a parameter acquisition module, a parameter inspection judging module, a processing selection module, a milling rough processing module, a grinding finish processing module, a milling width circulation judging module, a milling depth circulation judging module and a milling depth circulation judging module;
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring worm parameters, rough milling parameters and finish milling parameters;
the parameter checking and judging module is used for performing parameter checking and judging, and judging whether the shape parameter and the processing parameter meet preset conditions or not;
the machining selection module is used for selecting milling rough machining or grinding finish machining;
the milling rough machining module is used for performing milling rough machining and specifically comprises the following steps: initializing milling rough machining parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the milling depth of the last cutter and the feeding amount of each time in the direction of a milling cutter shaft, and the milling width is the superposition of the milling width of the last cutter and the transverse feeding amount;
the B rotating shaft is operated to a B-axis milling negative starting point angle, the X-axis is operated to a calculated X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between the inner circle and the outer circle minus the length of the milling cutter, B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis negative end point angle and the C-axis positive operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis positive operation, the B rotating shaft is operated to the B-axis milling positive starting point angle, and B, C axis joint operation is operated to the B-axis positive end point angle and the C-axis negative operation angle coordinate position required by the C-axis negative operation;
the milling width circulation judging module is used for carrying out milling width circulation judgment: judging whether the milling width is larger than or equal to the milling unilateral width, if so, ending the width cycle, and performing worm milling depth cycle;
the milling depth circulation judging module is used for carrying out milling depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current milling depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the depth circulation, and finishing the rough milling;
the grinding finishing module is used for grinding finishing and specifically comprises: initializing grinding finishing parameters, and calculating the current milling depth, wherein the current milling depth is the superposition of the previous milling depth and the feeding amount of the knife in the knife sharpening shaft direction each time;
the X-axis is operated to an X-axis coordinate position, the X-axis coordinate is the center distance between an inner circle and an outer circle minus the current milling depth, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a first angle and a C-axis, the first angle is twice the included angle between a cutter axis and a U-axis, B, C-axis intermodal operation is operated to a position of an operation angle coordinate required by positive machining of a second angle and a negative C-axis, and the second angle is twice the included angle between the cutter axis and the U-axis;
the grinding depth circulation judging module is used for carrying out grinding depth circulation judgment: judging whether the current finish machining depth is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the inner circle, if so, finishing the circulation of the finish machining depth, and finishing the whole worm machining process.
10. A computing device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a program executable by the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program stored by the memory, implements the combined milling and grinding automated machining method for a worm as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CA2539360C (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2013-11-26 | Trinary Anlagenbau Gmbh | Neutral data computer control system for a machine tool used to produce workpieces with a threaded surface and associated machine tool |
| CN1907615A (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2007-02-07 | 重庆大学 | Toroid worm numerical control machine capable of making up center distance |
| CN101579812B (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2011-04-06 | 广州市敏嘉制造技术有限公司 | Method and processing center for external thread rotary milling and grinding |
| CN201906895U (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-07-27 | 上海合纵重工机械有限公司 | Four-linkage enveloping worm numerical control (NC) grinding composite machine tool |
| CN203509230U (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-04-02 | 南京彩云机械电子制造有限公司 | Precise worn combined machining machine tool |
| DE102015209917A1 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-01 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Method and machine tool for machining same workpieces in series by milling and / or grinding |
| CN106312198A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-01-11 | 重庆大学 | Worm compound processing machine tool |
| CN110064934B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-10-09 | 成都工业职业技术学院 | Machine tool for machining end face worm |
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