CN114643318B - Prestressing tool and shot blasting forming method for complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard - Google Patents
Prestressing tool and shot blasting forming method for complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/06—Deforming sheet metal, tubes or profiles by sequential impacts, e.g. hammering, beating, peen forming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/92—Making other particular articles other parts for aircraft
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The application relates to a prestress fixture for a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, which comprises a rigid combined frame and a plurality of flexible light components, wherein the rigid combined frame is used for implementing elastic prestress clamping and fixing on the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard; one end of each flexible light component is connected with the bottom corner of the rigid combined frame, and the other end of each flexible light component is used for being connected with the top end area of the hanging frame of the shot blasting machine tool. The application also relates to a prestress shot blasting forming method of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard. The prestress tool and the shot blasting forming method for the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard aim to solve the problems that the prestress tool is uneven in weight distribution along the length, locally and obviously overweight, the total weight is close to the hanging limit of equipment, and the like, so that the wallboard cannot be shot blasted to form, and the appearance requirement of the wallboard is difficult to meet.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of material processing, in particular to a pre-stress tool and a shot blasting forming method of a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard.
Background
The shot blasting forming is a forming method which utilizes high-speed shot flow to impact the surface of the integral wall plate of the metal strap rib so as to lead the surface layer material of the sprayed surface to generate plastic deformation, thus leading to residual stress and gradually leading the part to reach the requirement of the shape curvature.
At present, the shot blasting forming technology is widely applied to the aviation manufacturing industry, and has become the preferred or even the only forming means of the metal wing panel of the large and medium-sized aircraft, for example, the whole wing panel of the aeroplane such as foreign air passenger and boeing aircraft such as B747 and A380, and the aircraft such as domestic ARJ and C919 is almost formed by shot blasting.
Generally, aircraft skin panel type members having relatively gentle shapes are formed by free stress shot peening. The skin panel components with complex shapes are subjected to a prestress shot blasting forming process, and the skin panel components are always clamped in a prestress tool fixed in a hanging frame of a shot blasting machine tool in the forming process; the total weight of the prestress tool and the skin panel components is generally about two tons, and the total weight is within the rated hoisting load of the shot blasting machine tool; the length of the prestress tool is generally larger than that of the skin panel type member and is generally equal to that of the hanging frame of the shot blasting machine tool; the weights of the prestress tool and the skin panel components are basically and uniformly distributed along the length of the tool, and the load on the hoisting beam of the shot blasting machine tool is basically and uniformly distributed, and the deformation deflection of the shot blasting machine tool in a working state is within an allowable range, so that the shot blasting machine tool can reliably, stably and continuously run.
At present, complex skin panel components, in particular complex hyperbolic (including double convex, saddle and torsion) exterior ribbed integral panels, are difficult to shot-blast molding, and the main problem is that the local exterior after shot-blast molding is difficult to reach the required exterior under the existing shot-blast molding technical condition, and particularly the curvature of panel ribs is too small to meet the design requirement, so that the application of the integral panels with good weight reduction effect and structural efficiency is limited, and the integral panels become the manufacturing technical bottleneck of related advanced aircrafts.
Breaking through the technical bottleneck of manufacturing the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, a reinforced pre-stressing tool (hereinafter referred to as a heavy pre-stressing tool) is required to be adopted, and shot blasting forming is carried out on the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard under a sufficiently large pre-stressing state. Namely, a large enough elastic prestress is locally applied to a complex hyperbolic shape area of the integral wall plate with the ribs, and a quite large local elastic prestress is needed, wherein the prestress is generated by components on a heavy prestress tool such as a plurality of columns and accessories, the dead weight of each column can reach hundreds of kilograms, and other components on the heavy prestress tool are required to be reinforced to increase the strength and the rigidity, so that the prestress tool is uneven in weight distribution along the length direction, locally and obviously overweight is caused, the total weight is doubled or even doubled, and the allowable bearing capacity limit of the suspension of the shot blasting machine tool is nearly even reached. Therefore, the hanging beam, the frame and the like of the shot blasting machine are obviously deformed, the hanging system cannot be reset and a plurality of movements interfere, and as a result, the shot blasting forming of the integral wall plate with the ribs of the complex hyperbolic shape cannot be performed at all.
Therefore, the inventor provides a prestressing tool and a shot blasting forming method of a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the application provides a prestress tool and a shot blasting forming method for a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, which solve the technical problems that the prestress tool is uneven in weight distribution along the length, local overweight is obvious, the total weight is close to the hanging limit of equipment, and the like, so that the prestress tool cannot be shot blasting formed and the appearance requirement of the wallboard is difficult to meet.
(2) Technical proposal
The application provides a prestress fixture for a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, which comprises a rigid combined frame and a plurality of flexible light components, wherein the rigid combined frame is used for implementing elastic prestress clamping and fixing on the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard; one end of each flexible light component is connected with the bottom corner of the rigid combined frame, and the other end of each flexible light component is used for being connected with the top end area of the hanging frame of the shot blasting machine tool.
Further, the rigid combined frame is a hollow rectangular or hollow I-shaped section bar.
Further, a plurality of the flexible lightweight members are respectively located at both sides of the rigid composite frame.
Further, the flexible light component is steel wire, steel bar or pipe.
The application also provides a prestress shot blasting forming method of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, which comprises the following steps:
pre-treating a slab of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard;
clamping and fixing the pretreated plate blank on the pre-stress tool;
performing shot blasting forming on the slab which is clamped in the prestress tool and meets elastic prestress according to the shot blasting forming process requirement;
and disassembling the wall plate after shot blasting forming and performing shot blasting correction on the wall plate.
Further, the slab of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard is pretreated, specifically: the plate blank is cleaned before shot blasting, and the inner surface and the outer surface of a non-shot blasting area of the plate blank are shielded according to the shot blasting requirement.
Further, the pre-treated plate blank is clamped and fixed on the pre-stress tool, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
installing the prestress tool on a hanging frame of a shot blasting machine;
clamping the slab on the pre-stress tool so that the elastic pre-stress on the slab meets the process requirement;
and screwing the flexible light component on the pre-stressed tool to balance the bearing of the hoisting beam of the shot blasting machine tool and ensure that the deformation deflection is in an allowable range.
Further, according to the requirement of the shot peening forming process, the shot peening forming is performed on the slab which is clamped in the prestress tool and meets the elastic prestress, specifically:
and (3) shot blasting the outer surface of the slab in a mode of prestress shot blasting forming of the doubly curved profile ribbed integral wallboard, and determining a treatment mode for the inner surface of the slab according to the complex doubly curved profile.
Further, the processing mode is determined on the inner surface according to the complex hyperbolic shape, specifically:
the inner surface of the biconvex shaped region is not peened and the inner surface of the non-biconvex shaped region is peened only the upper half of the ribs but not the other inner surfaces.
Further, the method for disassembling the wall plate after shot peening and shaping and shot peening and shaping the wall plate specifically comprises the following steps:
loosening each flexible light component on the prestressing tool, and unloading prestressing force, the tool and the wallboard in sequence;
and performing shot blasting correction treatment on the wall plate after shot blasting according to the shot blasting forming effect.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the application is directed to a structural form of a shot-peening-formed prestress tool, namely a structural form of an organic combination of a rigid part and a light flexible part, which can be used as a structural form of a shot-peening-formed prestress tool for a complex hyperbolic (including biconvex, saddle and torsion) shape integral panel, and can also be used as a structural form of a shot-peening-formed prestress tool for other skin panel components such as a hyperbolic shape skin panel, a general skin panel and the like. Compared with a full-rigidity prestress tool without a light flexible component, the light prestress tool has the advantages that the structure of the prestress tool can be greatly simplified, the number of parts is reduced, the material consumption and the structure weight are reduced, the manufacturing cost is obviously reduced, and the manufacturing period and the occupation of a factory building field are shortened. On the basis of the prestress tool structure form, the prestress shot blasting forming method for the integral wall plate with the ribs of the complex hyperbolic shape can effectively eliminate shot blasting forming defects and waste products of the wall plate, can effectively control shot blasting deformation and forming precision of the wall plate, realizes high-precision, high-performance, long-service-life and large-batch shot blasting forming of the wall plate, and is also beneficial to shot blasting forming of wall plate members with complex hyperbolic shape.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the outline structure of a milling blank of a complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-stress tool according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hanging state of a pre-stressing tool during shot-peening forming according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hanging state of a pre-stressing tool during another shot forming according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of an intermediate complex hyperbolic shape region of a shot-peened complex hyperbolic shape ribbed monolithic panel according to an embodiment of the application.
In the figure:
1-a rigid composite frame; 2-a flexible lightweight assembly; 3-hoisting the cross beam; 4-hanging a frame; 100-a complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard blank; 200-forming the complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application, i.e., the application is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements in parts, components and connections without departing from the spirit of the application.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-stressing tool for a complex doubly curved ribbed integral wallboard, provided by the embodiment of the present application, where the pre-stressing tool may include a rigid composite frame 1 and a plurality of flexible light components 2, and the rigid composite frame 1 is used to implement elastic pre-stressing clamping and fixing on the complex doubly curved ribbed integral wallboard; one end of each flexible light component 2 is connected with the bottom corner of the rigid combined frame 1, and the other end is used for being connected with the top end area of the hanging frame 4 of the shot blasting machine tool.
In the above embodiment, the prestress tool for the complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard is different from the existing prestress tool structural form and the prior prestress tool structural form, adopts a brand new structural form and consists of two parts of a rigid combined frame 1 and a flexible light component 2.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the rigid combined frame 1 is mainly composed of hollow rectangular or hollow i-shaped sectional materials and other light structures, and is used for implementing elastic prestress clamping and realizing main functions of a prestress tool; the flexible light component 2 is mainly composed of two or more flexible material components such as steel wires, steel bars or pipes and the like which are arranged at left and right sides of the prestress tool, one end of the flexible material component is connected with the bottom angle of the rigid combined frame 1, the other end of the flexible material component is connected with the upper end and other parts of the hanging frame 4 of the shot blasting machine tool, so that the problems of uneven weight distribution and partial overweight of the prestress tool, deformation of the hanging beam 3 and the hanging frame 4 and the like are effectively solved, and the flexible light component is an essential component of the prestress tool for the integral wall plate with the ribs in the complex hyperbolic shape.
The rigid combined frame is a prestress tool (which is commonly used at present) and is mainly composed of rigid components, and mainly comprises a frame, guide rails, upright posts and bolts, wherein the guide rails are horizontally fixed on an upper frame beam and a lower frame beam of the frame in pairs (or in pairs) by the bolts, the guide rails can move left and right on the upper frame beam and the lower frame beam of the frame when the bolts on the guide rails are loosened, the guide rails can be fixed by the bolts on the guide rails after being moved to any set position, and a plurality of pairs (or pairs) of guide rails can be arranged on the upper frame beam and the lower frame beam of the frame.
The upright posts are vertically fixed on the upper and lower paired (or double) mounted guide rails by screws, the upright posts can move forwards and backwards between the upper and lower paired guide rails when the screws are removed, the upright posts can be fixed by screwing the screws on the upright posts after the upright posts move to any determined position of a plurality of set positions, and at most two upright posts can be arranged on the paired guide rails.
The bolts are arranged on the upright posts, the positions of the bolts can be changed up and down along the upright posts, and a plurality of bolts can be distributed and arranged on one upright post.
According to the elastic prestress clamping and fixing requirements of the shot-blasting forming hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, after the number and positions of bolts, upright posts and guide rails are determined and the wallboard is installed together with the wallboard, the wallboard can be subjected to prestress and the prestress can be controlled by controlling the feeding amount of the bolts distributed on the upright posts at the front and rear (or inner and outer surfaces) of the wallboard.
Wherein, in the case of using the flexible lightweight member, as shown in FIG. 3, after the flexible lightweight member is pre-tensioned, a tensile force L is generated inside 1 、L 2 The vertical component forces are respectively T 1 、T 2 The total weight of the prestressed clamped integral wall plates on the rigid combined frame is G, the force born by the middle position of the hanging beam is P, and G, P, T 1 、T 2 There is a relationship g=p+t between the four 1 +T 2 The equation can be transformed to p=g-T 1 -T 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Due to T 1 ＞0，T 2 And the force born by the middle position of the hanging beam is obviously reduced by decomposing part of the bearing force P of the middle position of the hanging beam into the forces T1 and T2 born by the two end regions of the hanging beam through the pre-tightening flexible light component, so that the problem of local overweight is solved. In addition, if T1+T2 > G, P is less than 0, namely the middle stress of the hanging beam is changed from downward pulling to upward pushing, so that the middle stress and deformation condition of the hanging beam are thoroughly changed.
Typically, the pre-stressing tool is fixed to the hanger frame 4 of the shot peening machine. Before the plate blank is pre-stressed and clamped, flexible light components such as steel wires, steel bars or pipes are firstly loosened so as to pre-stress and clamp the wallboard.
Aiming at the technical problems of shot blasting forming of a complex hyperbolic (including double convex, saddle and torsion) profile ribbed integral wallboard, the problems that the prestress tool weight is unevenly distributed along the length, the prestress tool weight is locally and obviously overweight, the overall weight is close to the hanging limit of equipment and the like, so that the prestress tool cannot be subjected to shot blasting forming and the appearance requirement of the wallboard is difficult to meet are solved, the technical bottleneck of shot blasting forming is broken through, long service life, high performance and low cost forming are realized, technological progress and application of shot blasting forming are promoted, and development and production of an advanced aerospace vehicle are promoted. Meanwhile, a brand-new method is provided for designing, manufacturing and using the shot peening tool for the skin panel members.
The prestress tool can effectively expand the forming capability and the application range of the shot blasting machine tool, and the prestress tool formed by the flexible light component and the rigid combined frame can be suitable for the prestress shot blasting forming of the conventional shot blasting machine tool and even for ribbed integral wall plates and skin wall plate members with more complex hyperbolic shapes, so that the forming capability and the application range of the conventional shot blasting machine tool are effectively expanded.
As a preferred embodiment, the rigid composite frame 1 is a hollow rectangular or hollow i-section. The hollow rectangular or hollow I-shaped section is selected to lighten the overall weight of the prestress tool.
As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of flexible lightweight members 2 are located on either side of the rigid composite frame 1. The flexible light component 2 adopts the arrangement mode, so that the problems of uneven weight distribution, partial overweight, hanging beam and frame deformation and the like of the prestress tool can be effectively solved, and the self weight and the weight of the whole prestress tool can be furthest reduced. Specifically, the number of the flexible light components 2 is preferably selected to be even, and half of the flexible light components are respectively arranged on two sides of the rigid combined frame 1, so as to ensure that the stress on the two sides can be more uniform.
As a preferred embodiment, the flexible lightweight member 2 is a steel wire, a steel bar or a pipe. Wherein, select steel wire, reinforcing bar or tubular product to alleviate the whole weight of prestressing force frock.
The embodiment of the application also provides a prestress shot blasting forming method of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard, which comprises the following steps:
s100, pre-treating a slab of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard;
s200, fixing and clamping the pretreated plate blank on a pre-stress tool;
s300, performing shot blasting forming on the slab which is clamped in the prestress tool and meets elastic prestress according to the shot blasting forming process requirement;
s400, disassembling the wall plate after shot blasting forming and performing shot blasting correction on the wall plate.
In the embodiment, the shot blasting forming of the integral wall plate with the rib in the complex hyperbolic shape (comprising double convex, saddle and torsion) is realized, and the problems that the shot blasting machine cannot operate, the wall plate cannot be shot blasting formed and the like caused by the local overweight of the prestressed tool are solved by adopting the prestressed tool consisting of the flexible light component and the rigid component, so that the shot blasting forming of the integral wall plate with the rib in the complex hyperbolic shape is realized, and the shot blasting forming of the wall plate type component with the skin in the complex shape is also facilitated.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S100, the slab of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard is pretreated, specifically: the plate blank is cleaned before shot blasting, and the inner surface and the outer surface of a non-shot blasting area of the plate blank are shielded according to the shot blasting requirement.
In particular, the method and the requirements for processing the slab are basically the same as those of a common wallboard slab. The blank, namely the blank of the complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard used for shot blasting after milling, has an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein the outer surface is mostly plane, and the inner surface comprises a reinforcing boss, a weight reducing groove, a plurality of ribs (or stringers) and the like. Before shot-blasting forming, the plate blank is cleaned, so that the surface of the plate blank is free of greasy dirt, moisture and pollution. Then shielding and protecting the inner surface and the outer surface of the non-shot-blasting area of the plate blank according to the shot-blasting forming requirement.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S200, the pretreated slab is fixedly clamped on the prestressed tooling, and specifically includes the following steps:
s201, mounting a prestress tool on a hanging frame of a shot blasting machine;
s202, clamping the plate blank on a pre-stress tool so that the elastic pre-stress on the plate blank meets the process requirement;
s203, tightening the flexible light component on the pre-stress tool to balance the bearing of the hoisting beam of the shot blasting machine tool and enable deformation deflection to be in an allowable range.
Specifically, the pre-stressing clamping requirement and the pre-stressing clamping mode of the slab are approximately the same as those of a general hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard slab, and the slab is fixedly clamped on a pre-stressing tool, but the elastic pre-stressing on the wallboard slab must be enabled to meet the shot peening forming process requirement of the complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard slab so as to promote shot peening forming.
The flexible light components such as steel wires or steel bars and the like which are positioned at the left and right sides of the pre-stress tool are tensioned, so that the load on the hoisting beam of the shot blasting machine is balanced as much as possible, the deflection exceeding of the hoisting beam and the frame is avoided, the normal resetting of the hoisting system is realized, the feeding motion interference of the wall plates is eliminated, and the stable and reliable operation and forming process of the shot blasting machine are ensured.
Before shot forming, it is necessary to shield and protect the possibly sprayed fasteners, tools and fixtures on one hand and avoid various motion interferences on the other hand.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S300, according to the requirement of the shot peening process, the shot peening is performed on the slab that is clamped in the prestressing tool and satisfies the elastic prestressing, specifically:
and (3) shot blasting the outer surface of the slab in a mode of prestress shot blasting forming of the double-curved profile ribbed integral wallboard, and determining a treatment mode for the inner surface of the slab according to the complex double-curved profile.
The above steps S100 to S400 are all prepared for the shot forming operation.
1. Preparation work
1) Using a rigid composite frame (rigid pre-stressing tool) on a shot-blasting machine;
2) The method comprises the steps of applying necessary and enough elastic prestress to a hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard clamped in a rigid combined frame by changing and adjusting the feeding amount of bolts on vertical upright posts positioned on two sides of the inner surface and the outer surface of the wallboard;
3) After confirming that the applied elastic prestress meets the prestress shot-blasting forming requirement of the wallboard, fixing the wallboard and the rigid combined frame;
4) The light flexible components distributed on two sides of the rigid combination tool are screwed and regulated, so that the phenomena of local concentration, uneven distribution, overrun deflection, motion interference, incapability of shot blasting and the like of the suspended beam load along the length are eliminated, and the normal, stable and reliable operation of the shot blasting forming process is ensured;
5) The non-peened areas/surfaces on the wall plate and rigid composite frame are effectively shielded.
2. Shaping shot
1) Firstly, performing shot blasting forming on the outer surface;
2) Secondly, shot peening is performed on the inner surface (also called an inner profile), wherein shot peening is not performed on the inner surface corresponding to the biconvex shape region of the wallboard; but for the inner surface of the wall plate corresponding to the non-biconvex shape area, only the upper half part (namely the top part) of the rib is shot-blasted, but other inner surface areas are not shot-blasted at all;
3) Then, performing supplementary shot blasting forming on the area which is shielded by the rigid combined frame (the prestress tool) and is not sprayed by shot blasting;
4) Finally, loosening the light flexible assembly, then loosening the bolts on the upright posts, which are tightly pressed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the wallboard, and unloading all external loads on the wallboard, thereby obtaining the hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard with the profile basically meeting the requirements, but not completely meeting the profile precision requirements, and at the moment, some local profiles of the wallboard still do not meet the precision requirements, and the local profiles can finally meet the profile precision requirements only by needing subsequent shot blasting correction.
3. Shaping and correcting shape
During shot blasting and shaping, the inner surface and the outer surface of the wall plate shape error superscript area and the relevant area can be effectively shot blasting and shaping according to the actual shape condition of the wall plate (at the moment, the shot blasting and shaping area can comprise all outer surfaces of the wall plate or all inner surfaces of the wall plate), so that the shape of the wall plate completely meets the precision requirement, and finally, the hyperbolic shape integral wall plate with qualified shape is obtained, and shot blasting and shaping of the hyperbolic shape integral wall plate (particularly the hyperbolic shape integral wall plate with large curvature) is realized.
As a preferred embodiment, the inner surface of the material is processed according to a complex hyperbolic shape, specifically:
the inner surface of the biconvex shaped region is not peened and the inner surface of the non-biconvex shaped region is peened only the upper half of the ribs but not the other inner surfaces.
The inner surface of the wall plate is divided into two different cases, wherein the first case is used for carrying out no shot blasting treatment on the inner surface of the biconvex appearance area, and the second case is used for carrying out shot blasting treatment on the inner surface of the non-biconvex appearance area only on the upper half surface area of the ribs but not on the other inner surface areas, so that the complex hyperbolic (including biconvex, saddle and torsion) appearance ribbed integral wall plate is obtained, and shot blasting forming of the complex hyperbolic (including biconvex, saddle and torsion) appearance ribbed integral wall plate is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S400, the panel after shot peening is disassembled and shot peening is performed for shaping, specifically including the steps of:
s401, loosening each flexible light component on the prestressed fixture, and unloading the prestressing force, the fixture and the wallboard in sequence;
s402, performing shot peening correction treatment on the wall plate after shot peening according to the shot peening effect.
Specifically, when the complex hyperbolic profile ribbed integral wallboard is disassembled after shot blasting forming, firstly, the steel wire, the steel bar or the pipe on the prestressed tooling is loosened, and then the prestressing force, the tooling and the wallboard are unloaded in sequence. Finally, according to the conventional method, the integral wallboard with the ribs in the complex hyperbolic shape after the shot forming is subjected to necessary shot forming, shaping, and the like according to the shot forming effect.
Examples
Taking the shot blasting forming of the ribbed integral wallboard with the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) shape as an example, the milled slab is shown in figure 1, the wallboard material is 2024-T351 aluminum alloy, and the yield limit sigma s =370 Mpa, length 19000mm, number of tendons 5. Here, the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) shaped region is located substantially in the middle region of the wall plate.
Step one, aiming at the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) profile ribbed integral wallboard (see figure 1), cleaning the surface, and shielding the surface of a non-shot forming area of the integral wallboard by using adhesive tape and the like.
And secondly, pre-stressing clamping the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) profile ribbed integral wallboard milling plate blank.
First, a pre-stressing tool (see fig. 2) of a complex hyperbolic (biconvex) exterior ribbed integral panel is mounted on a peened hanger frame. The prestress tool is different from the past structural form, adopts a brand new structural form and consists of a rigid combined frame and a flexible light component; the rigid combined frame mainly comprises hollow rectangular or hollow I-shaped sections and the like, and is used as a prestress tool for elastically prestress clamping and fixing the wall plates; the flexible light assembly mainly comprises two steel bars arranged at left and right sides of the prestress tool, one end of the flexible light assembly is connected with a bottom corner of the rigid combined frame, the other end of the flexible light assembly is connected with the upper end part of the hanging frame of the shot blasting machine tool, and the flexible light assembly is used for effectively solving the problems that the prestress tool is uneven in weight distribution and overweight locally, and the hanging cross beam and the frame deform. Before the slab is pre-stressed and clamped, flexible light components such as steel wires, steel bars or pipes are loosened so as to pre-stress and clamp the slab.
Secondly, clamping the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) profile ribbed integral wallboard on a pre-stress tool to enable the elastic pre-stress on the wallboard blank to reach the process requirement, thereby facilitating shot blasting forming. The whole clamping is basically consistent with the prestress clamping requirement and mode of a common biconvex profile ribbed whole wallboard blank.
Thirdly, flexible light component steel bars and the like (see fig. 3 and 4) positioned on the left and right sides of the pre-stressing tool are screwed, so that the load bearing on the hoisting beam of the shot blasting machine tool is balanced, deformation deflection is controlled within an allowable range, and the operation of the shot blasting machine tool and the shot blasting forming process are ensured to be reliable, stable and continuous.
Finally, shielding and protecting the fastener and the fixture which are easy to be damaged by spraying according to the requirement of the shot forming process, and operating the shot blasting machine tool in order to avoid motion interference.
And thirdly, performing shot blasting forming on the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) profile ribbed integral wallboard blank clamped in the prestress tool and obtaining enough elastic prestress according to the shot blasting forming process requirement. The exterior surface of the panel is peened in a manner that is typical of the prestress peened forming of a ribbed monolithic panel of hyperbolic (biconvex) shape, but the interior surface is not peened at all. After the shot forming process is completed, the unloading prestress, the tooling and the wallboard are prepared.
And fourthly, when the integral wallboard with the rib in the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) shape is disassembled after shot blasting forming, firstly, loosening two flexible light assembly reinforcing steel bars and the like on the left and right sides of the split prestress tool, and secondly, unloading the prestress, the tool and the wallboard in sequence. Then, depending on the shot forming effect, shot correction and the like are performed on the complex doubly curved (biconvex) shaped ribbed integral panel after shot forming. Finally, the shot blasting forming of the complex hyperbolic (biconvex) exterior ribbed integral wallboard is realized, and the qualified complex hyperbolic (biconvex) exterior ribbed integral wallboard meeting the design technical requirements is obtained (see figure 5).
It should be understood that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in an incremental manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments are all referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments. The application is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known method techniques is omitted here for the sake of brevity.
The above is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations of this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The prestress shot blasting forming method of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard is characterized by applying a prestress tool, wherein the prestress tool comprises a rigid combined frame (1) and a plurality of flexible light components (2), and the rigid combined frame (1) is used for implementing elastic prestress clamping and fixing on the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard; one end of each flexible light component (2) is connected with the bottom corner of the rigid combined frame (1), and the other end of each flexible light component is used for being connected with the top end area of a hanging frame (4) of the shot blasting machine tool, and the method comprises the following steps:
pre-treating a slab of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard;
clamping and fixing the pretreated plate blank on the pre-stress tool;
performing shot blasting forming on the slab which is clamped in the prestress tool and meets elastic prestress according to the shot blasting forming process requirement;
disassembling the wall plate after shot blasting forming and performing shot blasting correction on the wall plate;
the method for clamping and fixing the pretreated plate blank on the pre-stress tool specifically comprises the following steps:
installing the prestress tool on a hanging frame of a shot blasting machine;
clamping the slab on the pre-stress tool so that the elastic pre-stress on the slab meets the process requirement;
and screwing the flexible light component on the pre-stressed tool to balance the bearing of the hoisting beam of the shot blasting machine tool and ensure that the deformation deflection is in an allowable range.
2. The method for forming the prestressed shot blasting of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the slab of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard is pretreated, specifically: the plate blank is cleaned before shot blasting, and the inner surface and the outer surface of a non-shot blasting area of the plate blank are shielded according to the shot blasting requirement.
3. The method for forming the prestress shot blasting of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method is characterized in that the slab which is clamped in the prestress tool and meets elastic prestress is shot blasting according to the shot blasting process requirement, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) shot blasting the outer surface of the slab in a mode of prestress shot blasting forming of the doubly curved profile ribbed integral wallboard, and determining a treatment mode for the inner surface of the slab according to the complex doubly curved profile.
4. The method for forming the prestressed shot blasting of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to claim 3, wherein the method for determining the processing mode of the inner surface of the complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to the complex hyperbolic shape is specifically as follows:
the inner surface of the biconvex shaped region is not peened and the inner surface of the non-biconvex shaped region is peened only the upper half of the ribs but not the other inner surfaces.
5. The method for prestress shot-peening forming of a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the method for disassembling and shot-peening forming the wallboard comprises the following steps:
loosening each flexible light component on the prestressing tool, and unloading prestressing force, the tool and the wallboard in sequence;
and performing shot blasting correction treatment on the wall plate after shot blasting according to the shot blasting forming effect.
6. The method for prestress shot-blast forming of a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the rigid combined frame (1) is a hollow rectangle or hollow I-shaped section.
7. The method of pre-stressing shot-peening of a complex doubly curved ribbed monolithic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said flexible lightweight elements (2) are located on either side of said rigid composite frame (1).
8. The method for prestress shot-peening forming of a complex hyperbolic ribbed integral wallboard according to claim 1, wherein the flexible lightweight component (2) is steel wire, steel bar or pipe.
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| CN115090751B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-04-05 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Method for improving shot blasting forming limit of ribbed integral wallboard |
| CN115635004B (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2024-02-23 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Shot blasting forming method for saddle-shaped ribbed wallboard |
| CN117696686B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-05-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | T-shaped welding structure deformation correction and weld reinforcement combined machining method |
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