CN114639750A - Flexible photovoltaic device and production method - Google Patents
Flexible photovoltaic device and production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114639750A CN114639750A CN202011384956.8A CN202011384956A CN114639750A CN 114639750 A CN114639750 A CN 114639750A CN 202011384956 A CN202011384956 A CN 202011384956A CN 114639750 A CN114639750 A CN 114639750A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
- H01L31/02363—Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
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- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
- H01L31/03926—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate comprising a flexible substrate
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible photovoltaic device and a production method thereof, relating to the technical field of photovoltaics. The flexible photovoltaic device comprises a transparent polymer film, a front adhesive film, a battery string, a rear adhesive film and a rear polymer film which are sequentially stacked; the front adhesive film is positioned on the front surface of the battery string; the front surface of the transparent polymer film has a first nano-concave structure. The first nanometer concave structure can effectively promote the luminous flux of visible light, and then effectively promote the utilization ratio of light, promote photoelectric conversion efficiency, promoted flexible photovoltaic device's power-to-weight ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a flexible photovoltaic device and a production method thereof.
Background
At present, a flexible photovoltaic device with higher power-to-weight ratio and flexibility and bendability is urgently needed in the fields of spaceflight and aviation so as to meet the requirements of special environments.
The structure of the existing flexible photovoltaic device is generally as follows from front to back: the front surface transparent polymer film/adhesive film/battery string/adhesive film/rear polymer film generally adopts the polymer film as a packaging material to realize flexibility and bending and improve the power-weight ratio.
However, the inventors have found in the course of studying the above-described technology that: the power-weight ratio of the existing flexible photovoltaic device is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flexible photovoltaic device and a production method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the power-weight ratio of the conventional flexible photovoltaic device is low.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flexible photovoltaic device comprising: the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film are sequentially stacked;
the front adhesive film is positioned on the front surface of the battery string;
the front surface of the transparent polymer film is provided with a first nanometer concave structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first nanometer concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film can effectively improve the luminous flux of visible light, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of light, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and improving the power-to-weight ratio of the flexible photovoltaic device.
Optionally, the front surface of the rear polymer film has a second nano concave structure.
Optionally, the flexible photovoltaic device further comprises: a metal reflective layer; the metal reflecting layer is deposited on the front surface of the rear polymer film, and after the metal reflecting layer is deposited, the second nanometer concave structure is not filled by the metal reflecting layer.
Optionally, the first nano concave structures are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film.
Optionally, the concave depth of the first nano concave structure in the transparent polymer film is 50nm-1 um; the size of the first nanometer concave structure in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction is 100nm-2 um.
Optionally, the second nano concave structures are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the rear polymer film.
Optionally, the concave depth of the second nano concave structure in the rear polymer film is 50nm-1 um; the size of the second nanometer concave structure in the direction vertical to the stacking direction is 100nm-2 um.
Optionally, the material of the metal reflective layer is selected from at least one of silver, copper, titanium and aluminum;
the thickness of the metal reflecting layer is 10-100 nm.
Optionally, the transparent polymer film and the rear polymer film are both made of at least one material selected from polyimide, ethylene-tetrachloroethylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene;
the light transmittance of the transparent polymer film is greater than or equal to 90%;
the refractive index of the transparent polymer film is 1.3-1.5;
the thicknesses of the transparent polymer film and the rear polymer film are both 20-100 um;
the front adhesive film and the rear adhesive film are made of at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene octene co-elastomer;
the thicknesses of the front adhesive film and the rear adhesive film are both 20-100 um.
Optionally, the battery string comprises at least one solar cell;
the solar cell is selected from at least one of a silicon heterojunction solar cell, a flexible gallium arsenide solar cell, a flexible perovskite/silicon heterojunction laminated solar cell, a flexible copper indium gallium selenide solar cell and a perovskite solar cell;
the thickness of the solar cell is 20-100 um.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method of producing a flexible photovoltaic device, comprising the steps of:
arranging a single-layer first nanosphere on the front surface of the transparent polymer film in an LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) mode;
forming a first nanometer concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film at the position corresponding to the first nanospheres;
sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film, and laminating; the front adhesive film is positioned on the front surface of the battery string.
Optionally, before the step of sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film, and the rear polymer film, the method further includes:
arranging a single layer of second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film in an LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) mode;
and forming a second nanometer concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film at the position corresponding to the second nanospheres.
Optionally, before the step of sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film, and the rear polymer film, the method further includes:
depositing a metal reflecting layer on the front surface of the rear polymer film, wherein the second nanometer concave structure is not filled by the metal reflecting layer after the metal reflecting layer is deposited;
the steps of sequentially laminating and laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film comprise:
and sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film deposited with the metal reflecting layer, and laminating.
Optionally, the step of forming a first nano concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film at a position corresponding to the first nanospheres includes:
laminating a transparent polymer film provided with a single layer of first nanospheres, wherein the first nanospheres are used as a mold in the laminating process, the surface shape of the first nanospheres is transferred to the front surface of the transparent polymer film, and the first nano concave structure is formed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film;
removing the first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film, and remaining the first nano-concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film.
Optionally, the step of forming a second nano concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film at a position corresponding to the second nanospheres includes:
laminating the rear polymer film provided with a single layer of second nanospheres, wherein the second nanospheres are used as a mold in the laminating process, the surface shape of the second nanospheres is transferred to the front surface of the rear polymer film, and the second nano concave structure is formed on the front surface of the rear polymer film;
and removing the second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film, and keeping a second nano concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film.
Optionally, in the step of laminating the transparent polymer film provided with the monolayer of the first nanospheres, the laminating temperature is greater than or equal to the first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film and less than or equal to the sum of the first glass transition temperature and 20 ℃;
the transparent polymer film has a first glass transition temperature greater than or equal to 180 ℃.
Optionally, in the step of laminating the rear polymer film provided with the single layer of the second nanospheres, the laminating temperature is greater than or equal to the second glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film, and is less than or equal to the sum of the second glass transition temperature and 20 ℃;
the second glass transition temperature of the post-polymer film is greater than or equal to 180 ℃.
Optionally, in the step of laminating the transparent polymer film provided with the monolayer of the first nanospheres, the laminating temperature is 180 ℃ to 220 ℃, and the laminating pressure is one atmosphere.
Optionally, in the step of laminating the rear polymer film provided with the second nanospheres as a single layer, the laminating temperature is 180 ℃ to 220 ℃, and the laminating pressure is one atmosphere.
Optionally, the first nanosphere and the second nanosphere are both metal oxide nanospheres;
the particle sizes of the first nanosphere and the second nanosphere are both 100nm-2 um.
Optionally, the first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film is greater than or equal to the sum of the third glass transition temperature of the front adhesive film and 20 ℃.
Optionally, the second glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film is greater than or equal to the sum of the fourth glass transition temperature of the rear adhesive film and 20 ℃.
Optionally, the material of each of the first nanosphere and the second nanosphere is selected from at least one of silicon oxide, titanium oxide and aluminum oxide.
Optionally, in the step of removing the first nanospheres located on the front surface of the transparent polymer film, the first nanospheres are removed with a base or an acid.
Optionally, in the step of depositing the metal reflective layer on the front surface of the rear polymer film, the metal reflective layer is deposited by sputtering or electron beam evaporation.
The production method of the flexible photovoltaic device has the same or similar beneficial effects as the flexible photovoltaic device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a first flexible photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a second flexible photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a third flexible photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of forming a transparent polymer film having a first nano-concave structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step of forming a rear polymer thin film having a second nano-concave structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the figure numbering:
1-transparent polymer film, 11-first nanometer concave structure, 12-first nanosphere, 2-front adhesive film, 3-battery string, 4-rear adhesive film, 5-metal reflecting layer, 6-rear polymer film, 61-second nanosphere and 62-second nanometer concave structure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a first flexible photovoltaic device in the embodiment of the present invention. The flexible photovoltaic device includes: the battery pack comprises a transparent polymer film 1, a front adhesive film 2, a battery string 3, a rear adhesive film 4 and a rear polymer film 6 which are sequentially stacked. The front adhesive film 2 is positioned on the front surface of the battery string 3, and the rear adhesive film 4 is positioned behind the battery string 3. The rear face of the battery string 3 is opposed to the front face.
The front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 is provided with a first nanometer concave structure 11, and the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 is the surface of the transparent polymer film 1 far away from the front adhesive film 2. The number of the first nano concave structures 11 provided on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 is not particularly limited. The first nanometer concave structure 11 is concave towards the back direction of the transparent polymer film 1, the first nanometer concave structure 11 on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 can effectively improve the luminous flux of visible light, and then effectively improve the utilization rate of light, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improve the power-to-weight ratio of the flexible photovoltaic device.
The first nano concave structure 11 may be formed by: arranging a single layer of first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 by adopting an LB (Langmuir Blodgett) mode, laminating the transparent polymer film 1 provided with the single layer of first nanospheres, using the first nanospheres as a mold in the laminating process, transferring the surface shape of the first nanospheres to the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1, and then removing the first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 to form the first nano concave structure 11 on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1. Through lamination, the adhesion force of the first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 is stronger, and a more stable and uniform first nano concave structure 11 can be obtained.
The schematic structure of the flexible photovoltaic device shown in fig. 1 can be applied to all cells and all components.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second flexible photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. On the basis of fig. 1, in the flexible photovoltaic device, the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 has a second nano concave structure, and the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 is the surface of the rear polymer film 6 close to the rear adhesive film 4. The number of the second nano concave structures which the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 has is not particularly limited. The second nano concave structure is concave towards the back direction of the back polymer film 6. The second nanometer concave structure of the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 can effectively improve the scattering of long-wave light penetrating through the battery string, effectively improve the light path, further effectively improve the utilization rate of light, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and improve the power-to-weight ratio of the flexible photovoltaic device.
The second nano concave structure may be formed by: and arranging a single layer of second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 in an LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) mode, laminating the rear polymer film 6 provided with the single layer of second nanospheres, taking the second nanospheres as a mold in the laminating process, transferring the surface shape of the second nanospheres to the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, removing the second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, and forming a second nano concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6. Through lamination, the second nanospheres have stronger adhesion to the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, and a more stable and uniform second nano concave structure can be obtained.
The schematic structure of the flexible photovoltaic device shown in fig. 2 can be applied to a bifacial cell or a bifacial assembly.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third flexible photovoltaic device in the embodiment of the present invention, which is suitable for a double-sided battery and a single-sided assembly. The flexible photovoltaic device further comprises: a metal reflective layer 5.
The metal reflecting layer 5 is deposited on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, and after the metal reflecting layer 5 is deposited, the metal reflecting layer 5 does not fill the second nanometer concave structure, the scattering of long-wave light penetrating through the battery string can be effectively improved by the second nanometer concave structure which is not filled, the light transmission path is effectively improved, the metal reflecting layer 5 deposited on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 can effectively improve the reflection of the long-wave light penetrating through the battery string, the light transmission path is effectively improved, the light utilization rate is effectively improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and the power-to-weight ratio of the flexible photovoltaic device is improved.
Compared with the conventional nano light trapping structure which forms a specific nano structure by using a Nanoimprint method such as Emboss, the forming method of the first nano concave structure 11 and the second nano concave structure in the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple process, suitability for large-area preparation and lower cost. Meanwhile, in the process of preparing the first nano concave structure 11 and the second nano concave structure, the existing laminating equipment can be utilized, and the technological parameters and the equipment parameters are basically matched without adding new technological equipment.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, the concave depth L1 of the first nano concave structure 11 in the transparent polymer film 1 is 50nm to 1um, and the size L2 of the first nano concave structure 11 in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction is 100nm to 2 um. The size of the first nano concave structures 11 may be further adjusted within the above size range to further improve the luminous flux of visible light.
Optionally, the concave depth of the second nano concave structure in the rear polymer film 6 is 50nm-1um, and the size of the second nano concave structure in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction is 100nm-2 um. The size of the second nano concave structure can be further adjusted within the above size range, so as to further improve the luminous flux of visible light.
Optionally, the first nano concave structures 11 are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1, so as to further effectively improve scattering of long-wave light penetrating through the battery string, and effectively improve an optical path.
Optionally, the second nano concave structures are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, so that scattering of long-wave light penetrating through the battery string is further effectively improved, and an optical path is effectively improved.
Optionally, the material of the metal reflective layer 5 is at least one selected from silver, copper, titanium and aluminum, and the reflectivity of the metal reflective layer 5 formed by the above materials is higher, so that the reflection of the long-wave light passing through the battery string is more effectively improved.
Optionally, the thickness of the metal reflective layer 5 is 10-100nm, and the thickness of the metal reflective layer 5 is the size of the metal reflective layer 5 in the stacking direction of the front adhesive film 2, the battery string 3, and the rear adhesive film 4. The metal reflecting layer 5 with the thickness is higher in reflectivity, and the reflection of long-wave light penetrating through the battery string is improved more effectively.
Optionally, the transparent polymer film 1 and the rear polymer film 6 are made of at least one material selected from Polyimide (PI), ethylene-tetrachloroethylene copolymer (ETFE), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Polyethylene (PE).
Optionally, the transparent polymer film 1 has a light transmittance of 90% or more, increasing the luminous flux of visible light. The light transmittance of the rear polymer film 6 is not particularly limited. The front adhesive film 2 also has good light transmittance.
Optionally, the transparent polymer film has a refractive index of 1.3 to 1.5, increasing the luminous flux of visible light. The thicknesses of the transparent polymer film 1 and the rear polymer film 6 are both 20-100um, and the thicknesses are the sizes of the front adhesive film 2, the battery string 3 and the rear adhesive film 4 in the laminating direction.
Optionally, the materials of the front adhesive film 2 and the rear adhesive film 4 are selected from at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyethylene octene co-elastomer (POE). The thicknesses of the front adhesive film 2 and the rear adhesive film 4 are both 20-100um, and the thicknesses are the sizes of the front adhesive film 2, the battery string 3 and the rear adhesive film 4 in the stacking direction.
Optionally, the cell string 3 includes at least one solar cell, and the solar cell is selected from at least one of a Silicon Heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell, a flexible gallium arsenide solar cell, a flexible perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cell, a flexible Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) solar cell, and a perovskite solar cell. The thickness of the solar cell is 20-100um, and the thickness is the size of the front adhesive film 2, the cell string 3 and the rear adhesive film 4 in the laminating direction. The first nanometer concave structure 11, the second nanometer concave structure and the metal reflecting layer 5 in the embodiment of the invention can fully prolong the optical path of visible light, improve the absorption of the solar cell to long-wave light, fully make up for the reduction of short-circuit current possibly caused by the reduction of the thickness of the solar cell, and particularly fully make up for the reduction of short-circuit current possibly caused by the reduction of the thickness of the solar cell.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a production method of the flexible photovoltaic device, which comprises the following steps:
and step S1, arranging a single layer of first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film in an LB mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the LB (Langmuir Blodgett) mode is to uniformly arrange the first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film to form a single layer of the first nanospheres. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step of forming a transparent polymer film having a first nano concave structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 4, the first step is located above the uppermost arrow, and the first step is a result indication of step S1. In a first step, a single layer of first nanospheres 12 is disposed on the front surface of transparent polymer film 1.
Optionally, the first nanospheres 12 are metal oxide nanospheres, and the first nanospheres 12 of the above materials are on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1, so that a relatively stable and uniform first nanostructure can be obtained.
Optionally, the material of the first nanosphere 12 is at least one selected from silicon oxide, titanium oxide, and aluminum oxide, and the first nanosphere 12 of the above materials is on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1, so that a relatively stable and uniform first nanostructure can be obtained.
Optionally, referring to fig. 4, the particle size d1 of the first nanosphere 12 is 100nm-2um, and the first nanostructure formed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 is further beneficial to improving the luminous flux of visible light. The more specific particle size can be specifically selected according to the shape and size of the desired light trapping structure.
Step S2, forming a first nano concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film at a position corresponding to the first nanospheres.
The first nano concave structure may be formed at a position corresponding to the first nano sphere 12 on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 by pressing the first nano sphere 12.
Optionally, the step S2 may include: and laminating the transparent polymer film provided with the monolayer of the first nanospheres, wherein the first nanospheres are used as a mold in the laminating process, the surface shape of the first nanospheres is transferred to the front surface of the transparent polymer film, and the first nano concave structure is formed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film. Removing the first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film, and remaining the first nano-concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film.
Specifically, the lamination process of the transparent polymer film provided with the single layer of the first nanospheres may be performed using an existing laminator. In fig. 4, the second step is that the first nanospheres 12 are partially or totally pressed into the transparent polymer film 1 during the lamination process, and the first nanospheres 12 act as a mold to transfer the surface shape of the first nanospheres 12 to the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1.
Optionally, in the process of laminating the transparent polymer film provided with the monolayer of the first nanospheres, the laminating temperature is greater than or equal to the first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1, and is less than or equal to the sum of the glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1 and the temperature of 20 ℃. That is, the lamination temperature needs to be greater than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1 and needs to be less than or equal to +20 ℃ of the glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1, and in this case, the portion of the transparent polymer film 1 where the first nanospheres are not provided is hardly or less deformed, and does not affect the light transmittance of the transparent polymer film 1.
Optionally, in the process of laminating the transparent polymer film provided with the single layer of the first nanospheres, the laminating temperature can further be 180 ℃ to 220 ℃, and the laminating pressure is one atmospheric pressure, so that not only can better lamination be realized on the existing laminating machine, but also the part of the transparent polymer film 1 not provided with the first nanospheres hardly deforms or deforms slightly, and the light transmittance of the transparent polymer film 1 is not influenced.
Optionally, the first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1 is greater than or equal to 180 ℃, so that in the laminating process of the existing laminating machine, better laminating can be realized, and the part of the transparent polymer film 1 without the first nanospheres hardly deforms or deforms slightly, so that the light transmittance of the transparent polymer film 1 is not influenced.
Optionally, the first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1 is greater than or equal to the sum of the third glass transition temperature of the front adhesive film 2 and 20 ℃. The first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film 1 is greater than or equal to the sum of the fourth glass transition temperature of the rear adhesive film 4 and 20 ℃, the whole process is suitable for the existing laminating machine, and in the laminating process, the size of the transparent polymer film 1 is stable. Whether the third glass transition temperature of the front adhesive film 2 is equal to the fourth glass transition temperature of the rear adhesive film 4 is not particularly limited.
The first nanospheres 12 pressed into the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 are removed, and the first nanospheres 12 are removed from the transparent polymer film 1, so that the first nano concave structure 11 located on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1 is formed. In fig. 4, the third step is illustrated by the transparent polymer film having the first nano-concave structure.
Alternatively, in the step of removing the first nanospheres 12 located on the front surface of the transparent polymer film 1, the first nanospheres 12 are removed using alkali or acid, and the process of removing the first nanospheres 12 is simple without damaging the transparent polymer film 1. One or more combinations of common acids may be selected, or one or more combinations of common bases may be selected. For example, NaOH is used to remove the first nanosphere 12, or HCl, HF, H2SO4The first nanospheres 12 are washed away by an isochoric acid combination.
Step S3, sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film, and laminating; the front adhesive film is positioned on the front surface of the battery string.
The transparent polymer film 1, the front adhesive film 2, the battery string 3, the rear adhesive film 4 and the rear polymer film 6 are sequentially stacked and laid on a laminating machine to complete the lamination of the device. When laminating, firstly vacuumizing, heating to 130-160 ℃, pressurizing to 80 +/-10 kpa, enabling molten EVA or POE to flow and fill the gaps between the transparent polymer film 1, the rear polymer film 6 and the solar cell under the extrusion effect, simultaneously discharging air bubbles in the middle, enabling the transparent polymer film 1, the rear polymer film 6 and the solar cell to be tightly bonded together through adhesive films, cooling and solidifying, and then taking out to finish the preparation of the flexible photovoltaic device.
Optionally, before the step S3, the method may further include the following steps S4, S5, and S6.
And step S4, arranging a single layer of second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film in an LB mode.
Step S4 is similar to step S1, and is not repeated here to avoid redundancy. Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step of forming a rear polymer thin film having a second nano concave structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 5, the first step is located above the uppermost arrow, and the first step is a result indication of step S4. Below the uppermost arrow is the second step. Below the middle arrow is the third step. Located below the lowermost arrow is the fourth step. In the first step, a single layer of second nanospheres 61 is disposed on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6.
Optionally, the second nanospheres 61 are metal oxide nanospheres, and the second nanospheres 61 of the above materials are on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, so that a stable and uniform second nanostructure can be obtained.
Optionally, the material of the second nanosphere 61 is selected from at least one of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, and aluminum oxide, and the second nanosphere 61 of the above materials is on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, so that a more stable and uniform second nanostructure can be obtained.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, the particle size d2 of the second nanosphere 61 is 100nm to 2um, and then the second nanostructure formed on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 is more favorable for improving the scattering of the long-wave light passing through the battery string, thereby effectively improving the light passing path. The more specific particle size can be specifically selected according to the shape and size of the desired light trapping structure.
And step S5, forming a second nanometer concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film at the position corresponding to the second nanometer ball.
The second nano concave structure may be formed on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 at a position corresponding to the second nano spheres 61 by pressing the second nano spheres.
Optionally, step S5 may specifically be: laminating the rear polymer film provided with a single layer of second nanospheres, wherein the second nanospheres are used as a mold in the laminating process, the surface shape of the second nanospheres is transferred to the front surface of the rear polymer film, and a second nano concave structure is formed on the front surface of the rear polymer film; and removing the second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film, and keeping the second nano concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film.
The lamination of the rear polymer film provided with the second nanospheres of a single layer is similar to the lamination of the transparent polymer film provided with the first nanospheres of a single layer, and the description thereof is omitted to avoid repetition. As shown in the second step with reference to fig. 5, the second nanospheres 61 are partially or entirely pressed into the rear polymer film 6 during the lamination process, and the second nanospheres 61 act as a mold to transfer the surface shape of the second nanospheres 61 to the front surface of the rear polymer film 6.
Alternatively, in the lamination of the rear polymer film provided with the second nanospheres of the single layer, the lamination temperature is greater than or equal to the second glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film 6, and less than or equal to the sum of the glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film 6 and the temperature of 20 ℃. That is, the lamination temperature needs to be greater than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film 6, and needs to be less than or equal to +20 ℃ of the rear polymer film 6, in which case the portion of the rear polymer film 6 where the second nanospheres are not provided is hardly deformed or is less deformed.
Alternatively, in the lamination of the rear polymer film provided with the second nanospheres of a single layer, the lamination temperature can further be 180 ℃ to 220 ℃, and the lamination pressure is one atmospheric pressure, which not only can achieve better lamination on the existing laminator, but also the portion of the rear polymer film 6 not provided with the second nanospheres hardly deforms or deforms less.
Optionally, the second glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film 6 is greater than or equal to 180 ℃, so that in the lamination process of the existing laminator, better lamination can be achieved, and the portion of the rear polymer film 6 without the first nanospheres is hardly or slightly deformed.
Optionally, the second glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film 6 is greater than or equal to the sum of the fourth glass transition temperature of the rear adhesive film 4 and 20 ℃. The second glass transition temperature of the rear polymer film 6 is greater than or equal to the sum of the third glass transition temperature of the front adhesive film 2 and 20 ℃, the whole process is suitable for the existing laminating machine, and in the laminating process, the size of the rear polymer film 6 is stable.
The removal of the second nanospheres is similar to the removal of the first nanospheres and will not be described herein in detail to avoid repetition. As shown with reference to the third step in fig. 5, a schematic illustration of the formation of the rear polymer film 6 having the second nano-concave structures 62 is provided.
Alternatively, in the step of removing the second nanospheres 61 located on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6, the second nanospheres 61 are removed by using alkali or acid, and the process of removing the second nanospheres 61 is simple and does not damage the rear polymer film 6. One or more combinations of common acids may be selected, or one or more combinations of common bases may be selected. For example, NaOH is used to remove the second nanospheres 61, or HCl, HF, H2SO4The second nanospheres 61 are washed away by an isochoric acid combination.
Step S6, depositing a metal reflective layer on the front surface of the rear polymer film, wherein the metal reflective layer does not fill the second nano concave structure after the metal reflective layer is deposited.
Referring to the fourth step in fig. 5, after the metal reflective layer 5 is deposited, the metal reflective layer 5 does not fill the second nano concave structure.
Optionally, the metal reflective layer 5 may be deposited on the front surface of the rear polymer film 6 by sputtering or electron beam evaporation, which is a simple process.
The step S3 may be to sequentially stack and laminate the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film, and the rear polymer film deposited with the metal reflective layer.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments and embodiments, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, which are presented by way of illustration and not of limitation, and that various changes in form and detail may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (25)
1. A flexible photovoltaic device, comprising: the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film are sequentially stacked;
the front adhesive film is positioned on the front surface of the battery string;
the front surface of the transparent polymer film is provided with a first nanometer concave structure.
2. The flexible photovoltaic device of claim 1, wherein the front surface of the back polymer film has a second nano-concave structure.
3. The flexible photovoltaic device of claim 2, further comprising: a metal reflective layer; the metal reflecting layer is deposited on the front surface of the rear polymer film, and after the metal reflecting layer is deposited, the second nanometer concave structure is not filled by the metal reflecting layer.
4. The flexible photovoltaic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first nano-concave structures are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film.
5. The flexible photovoltaic device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first nano-concave structure has a concave depth of 50nm to 1um in the transparent polymer thin film; the size of the first nanometer concave structure in the direction vertical to the stacking direction is 100nm-2 um.
6. The flexible photovoltaic device of claim 2, wherein the second nano-concave structures are uniformly distributed on the front surface of the back polymer film.
7. The flexible photovoltaic device of claim 2, wherein the second nano-concave structure has a concave depth of 50nm-1um in the back polymer film; the size of the second nanometer concave structure in the direction vertical to the stacking direction is 100nm-2 um.
8. The flexible photovoltaic device of claim 3, wherein the material of the metal reflective layer is selected from at least one of silver, copper, titanium, and aluminum;
the thickness of the metal reflecting layer is 10-100 nm.
9. Flexible photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the transparent polymer film and the rear polymer film are both made of at least one of polyimide, ethylene-tetrachloroethylene copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene;
the light transmittance of the transparent polymer film is greater than or equal to 90%;
the refractive index of the transparent polymer film is 1.3-1.5;
the thicknesses of the transparent polymer film and the rear polymer film are both 20-100 um;
the front adhesive film and the rear adhesive film are made of at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene octene co-elastomer;
the thicknesses of the front adhesive film and the rear adhesive film are both 20-100 um.
10. The flexible photovoltaic device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the string of cells comprises at least one solar cell;
the solar cell is selected from at least one of a silicon heterojunction solar cell, a flexible gallium arsenide solar cell, a flexible perovskite/silicon heterojunction laminated solar cell, a flexible copper indium gallium selenide solar cell and a perovskite solar cell;
the thickness of the solar cell is 20-100 um.
11. A method of producing a flexible photovoltaic device, comprising the steps of:
arranging a single-layer first nanosphere on the front surface of the transparent polymer film in an LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) mode;
forming a first nanometer concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film at the position corresponding to the first nanospheres;
sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film, and laminating; the front adhesive film is positioned on the front surface of the battery string.
12. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device according to claim 11, wherein the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the cell string, the rear adhesive film, and the rear polymer film are sequentially laminated, and before the laminating step, the method further comprises:
arranging a single layer of second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film in an LB (Langmuir-Blodgett) mode;
and forming a second nanometer concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film at the position corresponding to the second nanospheres.
13. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device according to claim 12, wherein the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the cell string, the rear adhesive film, and the rear polymer film are sequentially laminated, and before the laminating step, the method further comprises:
depositing a metal reflecting layer on the front surface of the rear polymer film, wherein the second nanometer concave structure is not filled by the metal reflecting layer after the metal reflecting layer is deposited;
the steps of sequentially laminating and laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film comprise:
and sequentially laminating the transparent polymer film, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the rear adhesive film and the rear polymer film deposited with the metal reflecting layer, and laminating.
14. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device, as claimed in claim 11, wherein said step of forming a first nanometric concave structure on the front surface of said transparent polymeric film in correspondence of said first nanospheres comprises:
laminating a transparent polymer film provided with a single layer of first nanospheres, wherein the first nanospheres are used as a mold in the laminating process, the surface shape of the first nanospheres is transferred to the front surface of the transparent polymer film, and the first nano concave structure is formed on the front surface of the transparent polymer film;
removing the first nanospheres on the front surface of the transparent polymer film, and remaining the first nano-concave structure on the front surface of the transparent polymer film.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the step of forming a second nano-concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film at a position corresponding to the second nanospheres comprises:
laminating the rear polymer film provided with a single layer of second nanospheres, wherein the second nanospheres are used as a mold in the laminating process, the surface shape of the second nanospheres is transferred to the front surface of the rear polymer film, and the second nano concave structure is formed on the front surface of the rear polymer film;
and removing the second nanospheres on the front surface of the rear polymer film, and keeping a second nano concave structure on the front surface of the rear polymer film.
16. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device, according to claim 14, characterized in that said step of laminating the transparent polymeric film provided with a single layer of first nanospheres is carried out at a temperature greater than or equal to the first glass transition temperature of said transparent polymeric film and less than or equal to the sum of said first glass transition temperature and a temperature of 20 ℃;
the transparent polymer film has a first glass transition temperature greater than or equal to 180 ℃.
17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that in the step of laminating the post-polymer film provided with a monolayer of second nanospheres, the temperature of lamination is greater than or equal to the second glass transition temperature of the post-polymer film and less than or equal to the sum of the second glass transition temperature and a temperature of 20 ℃;
the second glass transition temperature of the post-polymer film is greater than or equal to 180 ℃.
18. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device, as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that said step of laminating the transparent polymeric film provided with a monolayer of first nanospheres is carried out at a temperature of between 180 ℃ and 220 ℃ and at a pressure of one atmosphere.
19. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device, as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that said step of laminating the post-polymer film provided with a monolayer of second nanospheres is carried out at a temperature of 180 ℃ to 220 ℃ and at a pressure of one atmosphere.
20. The method of producing a flexible photovoltaic device according to claim 12, wherein the first nanosphere and the second nanosphere are metal oxide nanospheres;
the particle sizes of the first nanosphere and the second nanosphere are both 100nm-2 um.
21. The method of claim 16 or 18, wherein the first glass transition temperature of the transparent polymer film is greater than or equal to the sum of the third glass transition temperature of the pre-adhesive film and 20 ℃.
22. The method of claim 17 or 19, wherein the second glass transition temperature of the post-polymer film is greater than or equal to the sum of the fourth glass transition temperature of the post-adhesive film and 20 ℃.
23. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device according to claim 12, wherein the materials of the first nanosphere and the second nanosphere are selected from at least one of silicon oxide, titanium oxide and aluminum oxide.
24. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device, as claimed in claim 14, wherein said step of removing said first nanospheres located on the front surface of said transparent polymer film, wherein said first nanospheres are removed with a base or an acid.
25. The method for producing a flexible photovoltaic device according to claim 13, wherein the step of depositing a metal reflective layer on the front surface of the rear polymer film is performed by sputtering or electron beam evaporation.
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