CN114632407A - Method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas - Google Patents

Method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114632407A
CN114632407A CN202011472679.6A CN202011472679A CN114632407A CN 114632407 A CN114632407 A CN 114632407A CN 202011472679 A CN202011472679 A CN 202011472679A CN 114632407 A CN114632407 A CN 114632407A
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tail gas
incineration tail
solid waste
purifying
incineration
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CN114632407B (en
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杨光成
司徒达志
刘金和
陈祎
杨明辉
程建军
李建宇
张子炜
周江
陈佩
李程鑫
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
CGN Power Co Ltd
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
CGN Power Co Ltd
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    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
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    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas, which comprises the following steps: 1) introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas; 2) the quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtration integrated device, acid substances in the tail gas are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction with a deacidification agent, and NO in the tail gasXReacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, carrying out decomposition reaction on dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particulate matters in the tail gas by a filter element; 3) the incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) enters a heat exchanger, and the temperature of the incineration tail gas is reduced; 4) the incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters process enhanced mass transfer equipment to perform acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and an oxidant is introduced into the process enhanced mass transfer equipment to oxidize NO into high-valence N2O5Further absorbing by using alkali liquor; and 5) discharging the purified incineration tail gas through a chimney under the action of a draught fan.

Description

Method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas.
Background
Currently, disposal methods for hazardous waste, medical waste, and general solid waste are incineration disposal, landfills, and composting. Compared with other methods, the incineration method has the advantages of volume reduction, weight reduction, energy recycling and the like, so that the incineration method becomes an important technology for disposing hazardous waste, medical waste and general solid waste in China gradually.
Hazardous waste, medical waste and general solid waste are various in types and complex in components, and the smoke after incineration contains harmful components such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, dioxin and the like. At present, the main process flows of treating solid waste incineration waste gas comprise waste heat exchange, quenching, dry deacidification, activated carbon injection, cloth bag dedusting, wet deacidification, flue gas reheating, SNCR, SCR denitration and the like. The process effectively removes dust, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and the like, but has the problems of multiple purification treatment steps, complex operation, high equipment investment cost, high operation cost, large occupied area and the like.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a simple and economical method for purifying the tail gas from solid waste incineration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a simple and economic method for purifying the tail gas generated by solid waste incineration.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas, which comprises the following steps:
1) introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas;
2) the quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtration integrated device, acid substances in the tail gas are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction with a deacidification agent, and NO in the tail gasXReacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, carrying out decomposition reaction on dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particulate matters in the tail gas by a filter element; and
3) feeding the incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) into a heat exchanger, and reducing the temperature;
4) the incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters process enhanced mass transfer equipment to perform acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and an oxidant is introduced into the process enhanced mass transfer equipment to oxidize NO into high-valence N2O5Further absorbing by using alkali liquor; and
5) and discharging the purified incineration tail gas through a chimney under the action of a draught fan.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 1), the cooling time of the quenching reflux tower is controlled within 1 second, and the temperature of the incineration tail gas is rapidly reduced to about 280-380 ℃.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 1), the incineration tail gas enters a quenching reflux tower in a tangential direction, rotates and rises along the tower wall, and dust in the incineration tail gas enters under the action of centrifugal force and is intercepted and removed by water mist.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 2), the flow speed of the incineration tail gas is 0.6-1 m/min.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 2), the catalyst is Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO2-Al2O3And (4) preparing the system.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 2), the denitrifier is ammonia water, liquid ammonia or a urea solution.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 2), the deacidification agent is baking soda or slaked lime.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 3), the incineration tail gas enters a heat exchanger, and then the temperature is reduced to be below 180 ℃.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 4), the oxidant is ozone.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the tail gas generated by solid waste incineration, in the step 4), the alkali liquor contains Ca (OH)2Or NaOH.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 4), the process-enhanced mass transfer equipment generates waste liquid, and the waste liquid is conveyed to the quenching reflux tower through the reflux pump.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 4), the rotating speed of the process enhanced mass transfer equipment is 500-2000rpm, and the pH value of the alkali liquor is about 9-11.
Compared with the prior art, in the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, two integrated tail gas purification technologies of a multi-effect filtering integrated device and a process-enhanced mass transfer device are cooperatively processed, the occupied area is small, the equipment investment and operation cost is reduced, the process flow is simple, the operation is convenient, the harmful components such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and dioxin in the flue gas can be effectively removed, and the ultralow emission of the tail gas is realized.
Drawings
The following describes the method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas and the technical effects thereof in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid waste incineration tail gas purification device adopted by the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method of the invention.
Fig. 3A and 3B are schematic structural diagrams of a multi-effect filtering integrated device adopted by the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a quench reflux column; 2-a multi-effect filtration integrated device; 3-a heat exchanger; 4-process mass transfer enhancement equipment; 5-a draught fan; 6, a box body; 7-a lifting device; 8-a pulse device; 9-a multi-effect filter element; 10-an electric heater; 11-ash discharge valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the object, technical solution and technical effect of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas, which comprises the following steps:
1) introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower 1, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas;
2) the rapidly cooled incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtration integrated device 2, acid substances in the tail gas and a deacidification agent are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction, and NO in the tail gasXReacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, carrying out decomposition reaction on dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particulate matters in the tail gas by a filter element; and
3) the incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) enters a heat exchanger 3, and the temperature is reduced;
4) the incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters the process enhanced mass transfer equipment 4 to perform acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and an oxidant is introduced into the process enhanced mass transfer equipment 4 to oxidize NO into high-valence N2O5Further absorption by alkali liquor; and
5) the purified incineration tail gas is discharged through a chimney under the action of the induced draft fan 5.
Specifically, in step 1), the quenching reflux tower 1 may include a tower body, an atomizing spray gun, a reflux pump, an ash bucket heater, a pressure gauge and a thermometer, the incineration tail gas enters the quenching reflux tower 1 in a tangential direction, and rotates and rises along the tower wall, and dust in the incineration tail gas enters under the action of centrifugal force to be intercepted and removed by water mist, and the high-temperature flue gas is rapidly cooled. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling time of the quench reflux column 1 is controlled within 1 second and the temperature is rapidly reduced to about 280 ℃ to 380 ℃.
Specifically, in the step 2), the multi-effect filtering integrated device 2 comprises a box body 6, a lifting device 7, a pulse device 8, a multi-effect filtering core 9, an electric heater 10 and an ash discharge valve 11, wherein the multi-effect filtering core 9 comprises nano-scale catalytic particles and a filter core base material. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas adopts dry deacidification, adopts a filter element for filtering and dedusting, adopts a selective catalysis method for denitration, and adopts a catalysis method for decomposing dioxin. The filter element base material of the multi-effect filtering integrated device 2 comprises the aluminum silicate fiber and the inorganic adhesive, can resist the high temperature of 380 ℃, reduces the risk of acid condensation corrosion, has better resistance to high temperature and corrosive chemical substances than the traditional bag-type dust collector filter bag (the use condition is 150-200 ℃) and has long service life (compared with the traditional filter bag, the service life of 2 years, the service life of the multi-effect filter element can reach about 5 years). The filter element of the multi-effect filtering integrated device 2 is full of nano-scale catalytic particles, particles or dust are blocked on the outer surface of the filter element, harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide and heavy metals are fully prevented from directly contacting with the catalyst, and the catalyst can show high-efficiency activity for a long time. The catalyst in the fibers of the multi-effect filter element can directly decompose dioxin, no secondary pollutant exists, and the operation cost is saved. So set up, denitration efficiency is between 85% -90%, and the dioxin decomposition rate is about 99%, and dust collection efficiency is greater than 99%, and deacidification efficiency is greater than 50%.
The process strengthening mass transfer equipment 4 comprises a box body, a centrifugal rotating device, a liquid spraying device and an ozone spraying device. The high-efficiency process-enhanced mass transfer equipment 4 has high mass transfer efficiency and low energy consumption, can be used as a supplement of the multi-effect filtering integrated device 2, can cooperatively treat wastewater and increases the operation benefit. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the flow rate of the incineration off-gas is 0.6 to 1 m/min.
In the step 2), a proper catalyst, a proper denitration agent and a proper deacidification agent can be selected according to actual needs. For example, according to one embodiment of the invention, the catalyst is Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO2-Al2O3In the system, the denitrifying agent is ammonia water, liquid ammonia or urea solution, and the deacidifying agent is baking soda or slaked lime. Through practical inspection, the waste liquid reacts with acid gas to deacidify and removeThe acid efficiency is more than 90 percent, and the alkali liquor is utilized to absorb N2O5And the denitration efficiency is more than 80%.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the step 3), the temperature of the incineration tail gas is reduced to below 180 ℃ after the incineration tail gas enters the heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 4), the oxidant is ozone, and the alkali solution contains Ca (OH)2Or NaOH, the process-enhanced mass transfer device 4 generates waste liquid, the waste liquid is conveyed to the quenching reflux tower 1 through a reflux pump, the process-enhanced mass transfer device 5 has the speed of 500-2000rpm, and the pH value of the alkali liquor is about 9-11.
In combination with the above detailed description of the specific embodiment of the present invention, it can be seen that, compared with the prior art, in the method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas of the present invention, the multiple-effect filtration integrated device 2+ process-enhanced mass transfer device 3 performs synergistic treatment of two integrated tail gas purification technologies, so that the occupied area is small, the equipment investment and operation cost is reduced, the process flow is simple, the operation is convenient, the harmful components such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, dioxin, etc. in the flue gas can be effectively removed, and the ultra-low emission of the tail gas is realized.
The present invention can be modified and adapted appropriately from the above-described embodiments, according to the principles described above. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (12)

1. A method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas;
2) the quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtration integrated device, acid substances in the tail gas are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction with a deacidification agent, and NO in the tail gasXIs reacted with a denitrating agent under the action of a catalyst to generateNitrogen, and dioxin in the tail gas is subjected to decomposition reaction under the action of a catalyst, and particulate matters in the tail gas are filtered by a filter element; and
3) feeding the incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) into a heat exchanger, and reducing the temperature;
4) the incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters process enhanced mass transfer equipment to perform acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and an oxidant is introduced into the process enhanced mass transfer equipment to oxidize NO into high-valence N2O5Further absorption by alkali liquor; and
5) and discharging the purified incineration tail gas through a chimney under the action of a draught fan.
2. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the cooling time of the quenching reflux tower is controlled within 1 second, and the temperature of the incineration tail gas is rapidly reduced to about 280-380 ℃.
3. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the incineration tail gas enters the quenching reflux tower in a tangential direction, and rotates and rises along the tower wall, and dust in the incineration tail gas enters under the action of centrifugal force and is intercepted and removed by water mist.
4. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the flow rate of the incineration tail gas is 0.6-1 m/min.
5. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the catalyst is Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO2-Al2O3And (3) preparing a system.
6. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration exhaust gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the denitrifier is ammonia water, liquid ammonia or urea solution.
7. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the deacidification agent is baking soda or slaked lime.
8. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the temperature of the incineration tail gas is reduced to below 180 ℃ after the incineration tail gas enters the heat exchanger.
9. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the oxidant is ozone.
10. The method for purifying tail gas from incineration of solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the lye is Ca (OH) -containing alkali2Or NaOH.
11. The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the process-enhanced mass transfer device generates waste liquid, and the waste liquid is conveyed to the quenching reflux tower through a reflux pump.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the process-enhanced mass transfer device in step 4) is 500-2000rpm, and the pH value of the alkali solution is about 9-11.
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