CN114632407B - Method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas - Google Patents

Method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114632407B
CN114632407B CN202011472679.6A CN202011472679A CN114632407B CN 114632407 B CN114632407 B CN 114632407B CN 202011472679 A CN202011472679 A CN 202011472679A CN 114632407 B CN114632407 B CN 114632407B
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tail gas
solid waste
incineration tail
incineration
waste incineration
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CN114632407A (en
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杨光成
司徒达志
刘金和
陈祎
杨明辉
程建军
李建宇
张子炜
周江
陈佩
李程鑫
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
CGN Power Co Ltd
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
CGN Power Co Ltd
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas, which comprises the following steps: 1) Introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas; 2) The quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtering integrated device, acidic substances in the tail gas and deacidification agent are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction, and NO in the tail gas X Reacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, decomposing dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particles in the tail gas by a filter element; 3) The incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) enters a heat exchanger, and the temperature of the incineration tail gas is reduced; 4) Enhancement of the entering process of incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3)The mass transfer device and the alkali liquor are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction, and oxidant is introduced into the process strengthening mass transfer device to oxidize NO into N with high valence state 2 O 5 Further absorbing by alkali liquor; and 5) discharging the purified incineration tail gas through a chimney under the action of a draught fan.

Description

Method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas.
Background
Currently, disposal methods for hazardous waste, medical waste, and general solid waste are incineration disposal, sanitary landfill, and composting. Compared with other methods, the incineration method has the advantages of volume reduction, weight reduction, energy reuse and the like, so that the incineration method is an important technology for disposing hazardous waste, medical waste and general solid waste in China.
Hazardous waste, medical waste and general solid waste are various in variety and complex in composition, and the incinerated flue gas contains harmful components such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, dioxin and the like. At present, the main process flow for treating the solid waste incineration waste gas comprises the steps of waste heat exchange, quenching, dry deacidification, active carbon injection, bag dust removal, wet deacidification, flue gas reheating, SNCR, SCR denitration and the like. The process effectively removes dust, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and the like, but has the problems of more purification treatment steps, complex operation, high equipment input cost, high operation cost, large occupied area and the like.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a simple and economical method for purifying the solid waste incineration exhaust gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a simple and economic method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas, comprising the steps of:
1) Introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas;
2) The quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtering integrated device, acidic substances in the tail gas and deacidification agent are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction, and NO in the tail gas X Reacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, decomposing dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particles in the tail gas by a filter element; and
3) The incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) enters a heat exchanger, and the temperature is reduced;
4) The incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters process strengthening mass transfer equipment to perform acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and the process is strengthenedIntroducing oxidant into mass transfer equipment to oxidize NO into N with high valence state 2 O 5 Further absorbing by alkali liquor; and
5) The purified incineration tail gas is discharged through a chimney under the action of a draught fan.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 1), the cooling time of the quenching reflux tower is controlled within 1 second, and the temperature of the incineration tail gas is rapidly reduced to about 280-380 ℃.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 1), the incineration tail gas enters a quenching reflux tower in a tangential direction, rises along the tower wall in a rotating way, and dust in the incineration tail gas enters and is intercepted and removed by water mist under the action of centrifugal force.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 2), the flow rate of the incineration tail gas is 0.6-1m/min.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 2), the catalyst is Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 A system.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 2), the denitration agent is ammonia water, liquid ammonia or urea solution.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 2), the deacidification agent is sodium bicarbonate or slaked lime.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 3), after the incineration tail gas enters a heat exchanger, the temperature is reduced to below 180 ℃.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 4), the oxidant is ozone.
As an improvement of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, in the step 4), the alkali liquor contains Ca (OH) 2 Or NaOH.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 4), the process-enhanced mass transfer equipment generates waste liquid, and the waste liquid is conveyed to a quenching reflux tower through a reflux pump.
As an improvement of the solid waste incineration tail gas purification method, in the step 4), the rotating speed of the process strengthening mass transfer equipment is 500-2000rpm, and the pH value of the alkali liquor is about 9-11.
Compared with the prior art, in the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, the multi-effect filtration integrated device and the process reinforced mass transfer equipment are cooperatively treated, so that the occupied area is small, the equipment investment and operation cost is reduced, the process flow is simple, the operation is convenient, the harmful components such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, dioxin and the like in the flue gas can be effectively removed, and the ultralow emission of the tail gas is realized.
Drawings
The method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas and the technical effects thereof are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a solid waste incineration exhaust purification apparatus employed in the solid waste incineration exhaust purification method of the present invention.
Fig. 3A and 3B are schematic structural diagrams of a multi-effect filtration integrated device used in the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a quenching reflux tower; 2-multiple-effect filtration integrated device; 3-heat exchanger; 4-process mass transfer strengthening equipment; 5-induced draft fan; 6, a box body; 7-lifting means; 8-pulse means; 9-a multi-effect filter element; 10-an electric heater; 11-ash valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented herein for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas, which comprises the following steps:
1) Introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower 1, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas;
2) The quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtering integrated device 2, acidic substances in the tail gas and deacidification agent acid-base neutralization reaction, and NO in the tail gas X Reacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, decomposing dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particles in the tail gas by a filter element; and
3) The incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) enters a heat exchanger 3, and the temperature is reduced;
4) The incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters a process strengthening mass transfer device 4 to be subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and oxidant is introduced into the process strengthening mass transfer device 4 to oxidize NO into N in a high valence state 2 O 5 Further absorbing by alkali liquor; and
5) The purified incineration tail gas is discharged through a chimney under the action of an induced draft fan 5.
Specifically, in step 1), the quenching and refluxing tower 1 may include a tower body, an atomizing spray gun, a reflux pump, an ash bucket heater, a pressure gauge and a thermometer, the incineration tail gas enters the quenching and refluxing tower 1 in a tangential direction, rises along the tower wall in a rotating way, dust in the incineration tail gas enters and is intercepted and removed by water mist under the action of centrifugal force, and rapidly cools the high-temperature flue gas. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the quench reflux column 1 is cooled for a period of time controlled within 1 second and the temperature is rapidly reduced to about 280 ℃ to 380 ℃.
Specifically, in step 2), the multi-effect filtration integrated device 2 comprises a box 6, a lifting device 7, a pulse device 8, a multi-effect filter element 9, an electric heater 10 and an ash valve 11, wherein the multi-effect filter element 9 comprises nano-scale catalytic particles and a filter element matrix material. The solid waste incineration tail gas purification method adopts a dry deacidification method, adopts a filter element to filter and remove dust, adopts a selective catalytic method to perform denitration, and adopts a catalytic method to decompose dioxin. The filter element matrix material of the multi-effect filter integrated device 2 comprises aluminum silicate fibers and inorganic adhesive, can resist 380 ℃ high temperature, reduce the risk of acid dewing corrosion, has better resistance to high temperature and corrosive chemical substances than a filter bag (the service condition is 150-200 ℃) of a traditional bag-type dust collector, and has long service life (compared with the service life of the traditional filter bag for 2 years, the service life of the multi-effect filter element can reach about 5 years). The filter element of the multi-effect filtration integrated device 2 is fully covered with nano-scale catalytic particles, particles or dust are blocked on the outer surface of the filter element, harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide, heavy metals and the like are fully prevented from directly contacting with the catalyst, and the catalyst can show high-efficiency activity for a long time. The catalyst in the multi-effect filter element fiber can directly decompose dioxin, has no secondary pollutant and saves the running cost. So set up, denitration efficiency is between 85% -90%, and dioxin decomposition rate is about 99%, and dust removal efficiency is greater than 99%, and deacidification efficiency is greater than 50%.
The process-enhanced mass transfer device 4 comprises a tank, a centrifugal rotating device, a liquid spraying device and an ozone spraying device. The high-efficiency process reinforced mass transfer device 4 has high mass transfer efficiency and low energy consumption, can be used as the supplement of the multi-effect filtration integrated device 2, can cooperatively treat wastewater, and increases the operation benefit. According to one embodiment of the invention, the flow rate of the incineration tail gas is 0.6-1m/min.
In the step 2), a proper catalyst, a proper denitration agent and a proper deacidification agent can be selected according to actual needs. For example, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst is Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 The system is characterized in that the denitration agent is ammonia water, liquid ammonia or urea solution, and the deacidification agent is sodium bicarbonate or slaked lime. Through practical inspection, the deacidification efficiency is more than 90% by utilizing the reaction of the waste liquid and the acid gas, and the N is absorbed by utilizing the alkali liquor 2 O 5 The denitration efficiency is more than 80 percent.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in step 3), the temperature of the incineration tail gas is reduced to below 180 ℃ after entering the heat exchanger.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in step 4), the oxidizing agent is ozone and the lye is Ca (OH) containing solution 2 Or NaOH, the process-enhanced mass transfer device 4 generates waste liquid, the waste liquid is conveyed to the quenching and refluxing tower 1 through a refluxing pump, the process-enhanced mass transfer device 5 has a speed of 500-2000rpm, and the pH value of alkali liquor is about 9-11.
It can be seen from the above detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention that, compared with the prior art, in the method for purifying the solid waste incineration tail gas, the multi-effect filtration integrated device 2+ process enhanced mass transfer device 3 is cooperatively treated by two integrated tail gas purification technologies, so that the occupied area is small, the investment and operation cost of the device is reduced, the process flow is simple, the operation is convenient, and the harmful components such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, dioxin and the like in the flue gas can be effectively removed, thereby realizing the ultralow emission of the tail gas.
The present invention is also capable of suitable alterations and modifications in the above-described embodiments, in light of the above principles. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, but some modifications and changes of the invention should be also included in the scope of the claims of the invention. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way.

Claims (10)

1. The solid waste incineration tail gas purifying method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Introducing solid waste incineration tail gas into a quenching reflux tower, and rapidly reducing the temperature of the incineration tail gas; the incineration tail gas enters a quenching reflux tower in a tangential direction, and rises along the tower wall in a rotating way, dust in the incineration tail gas enters a water mist interception way under the action of centrifugal force to be removed, the cooling time of the quenching reflux tower is controlled within 1 second, and the temperature of the incineration tail gas is rapidly reduced to 280-380 ℃;
2) The quenched incineration tail gas enters a multi-effect filtration integrated device, the multi-effect filtration integrated device comprises a multi-effect filter element, the multi-effect filter element comprises nano-scale catalytic particles and a filter element matrix material, the filter element matrix material comprises aluminum silicate fibers and inorganic adhesives, acidic substances in the tail gas and acid-base neutralization reaction of deacidification agents, and NO in the tail gas X Reacting with a denitration agent under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen, decomposing dioxin in tail gas under the action of the catalyst, and filtering particles in the tail gas by a filter element; and
3) The incineration tail gas treated in the step 2) enters a heat exchanger, and the temperature is reduced;
4) The incineration tail gas flowing out of the heat exchanger in the step 3) enters a process enhanced mass transfer device to be subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction with alkali liquor, and oxidant is introduced into the process enhanced mass transfer device to oxidize NO into high-valence N 2 O 5 Further absorbing by alkali liquor, and reinforcing the rotating speed of mass transfer equipment in the process by 500-2000rpm; and
5) The purified incineration tail gas is discharged through a chimney under the action of a draught fan.
2. The method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the flow rate of the incineration exhaust gas is 0.6-1m/min.
3. The method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the catalyst is Mo-V-Ni-W/TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 A system.
4. The method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the denitration agent is ammonia water, liquid ammonia or urea solution.
5. The method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the deacidification agent is sodium bicarbonate or slaked lime.
6. The method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the temperature of the incineration tail gas is reduced to 180 ℃ or lower after the incineration tail gas enters a heat exchanger.
7. The method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the oxidizing agent is ozone.
8. The method for purifying solid waste incineration tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in thatIn step 4), the lye contains Ca (OH) 2 Or NaOH.
9. The method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the process-enhanced mass transfer device generates a waste liquid, and the waste liquid is sent to the quenching and refluxing tower through a refluxing pump.
10. The method for purifying solid waste incineration exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the pH value of the alkali solution is 9-11.
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