CN114628918A - Beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on loaded PIN diode - Google Patents
Beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on loaded PIN diode Download PDFInfo
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- CN114628918A CN114628918A CN202210277488.7A CN202210277488A CN114628918A CN 114628918 A CN114628918 A CN 114628918A CN 202210277488 A CN202210277488 A CN 202210277488A CN 114628918 A CN114628918 A CN 114628918A
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode, which sequentially comprises a first metal layer, a dielectric substrate and a second metal layer from top to bottom. Eight identical rectangular radiation grooves are arranged on the surface of the first metal layer, and each radiation groove is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the center line of the wide side of the first metal layer. And a PIN diode is loaded at the center of each radiation slot and used for controlling the state of the radiation slot. Cylindrical metal connecting rods are uniformly distributed on the edge of the medium substrate and are connected with the first metal layer and the second metal layer to form a single-wide-edge open-circuit cavity structure. By respectively setting eight PIN diodes to be in a conducting state or a stopping state, different radiation beams can be obtained, and the beam scanning range is-56 degrees to +56 degrees. The working frequency point of the invention is 5.8 GHz. The-10 dB impedance bandwidth is 8.6%. The gain of the 0 ° beam is 11.6 dBi. The invention has the advantages of excellent electrical property, wide beam coverage range, high flexibility and the like, and is suitable for a wireless system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode.
Background
In the field of wireless communication, the reconfigurable antenna is widely applied by the characteristics of interference resistance, high safety, large coverage range and the like. Moreover, compared with the traditional phased array antenna, the beam reconfigurable antenna is usually smaller, and the design of the antenna array is simpler, more economical and more flexible. The substrate integrated waveguide has the advantages of being capable of planarizing a three-dimensional waveguide structure, and due to the fact that the PCB processing technology is mature, the processing size can be accurately controlled, fine processing is facilitated, and realization and improvement of device performance are facilitated. The substrate integrated waveguide back cavity slot antenna inherits the advantages of the traditional back cavity slot antenna and shows additional advantages in the aspects of cost, appearance and plane integration, so that the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity slot antenna is a good candidate for reconfigurable antenna design. In the last decade, a series of wave beam reconfigurable methods based on substrate integrated waveguide are proposed at home and abroad, the wave beam reconfigurable method is most commonly realized by loading electronic devices on a slot array, and the antenna has smaller volume and weight and more importantly higher coverage and flexibility. Based on the structure, the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode has the advantages of excellent electrical performance, wide beam coverage range, high flexibility and the like, and is expected to be widely applied to a wireless system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode, which has the advantages of good coverage, high flexibility, small volume, simple structure, easiness in processing and debugging and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode comprises a first metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2 and a second metal layer 3 from top to bottom in sequence; cylindrical metal connecting rods 4 are uniformly distributed on the edge of the medium substrate 2; the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 are the same in shape and are rectangular; eight rectangular radiation grooves 5 with the same shape and eight PIN diodes 6 are arranged on the surface of the first metal layer 1; the proposed beam reconfigurable slot array antenna is placed along the z-axis.
Further, the medium substrate 2 of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode adopts a single layer of F4BM220, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the tangent value of a positive loss angle is 0.001; the dielectric substrate 2 has a thickness of 2 mm.
Further, the cylindrical metal connecting rod 4 of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode is connected with the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 to form a single-wide-side open-circuit cavity structure, so that a metal wall of the dielectric integrated waveguide is formed.
Further, the rectangular radiation slot 5 of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode is respectively composed of a radiation slot 51, a radiation slot 52, a radiation slot 53, a radiation slot 54, a radiation slot 55, a radiation slot 56, a radiation slot 57 and a radiation slot 58; each radiation groove is uniformly distributed on two sides of the central line of the wide side of the first metal layer 1, and a PIN diode is loaded at the center of each radiation groove.
Further, the PIN diode 6 of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode is respectively composed of a PIN diode 61, a PIN diode 62, a PIN diode 63, a PIN diode 64, a PIN diode 65, a PIN diode 66, a PIN diode 67 and a PIN diode 68, and is used for controlling the state of the radiation slot. By controlling any one of two PIN diodes symmetrically distributed along the broadside to be in a conducting state, two opposite electric field distributions are obtained, and the radiation phases have a 180-degree difference.
Further, the working frequency point of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode is 5.8 GHz; when PIN diodes 61, 63, 66 and 68 are arranged to be turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angle of the array antenna is 0 degree, and 3dB lobes cover-10 degrees to +10 degrees; when PIN diodes 61, 63, 64 and 66 are set to be turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-15 degrees and +15 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-25 degrees to-5 degrees and +5 degrees to +25 degrees; when the PIN diodes 61, 62, 67 and 68 are turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-30 degrees and +30 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-40 degrees to-20 degrees and +20 degrees to +40 degrees; when the PIN diodes 61, 62, 63 and 64 are set to be conducted, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-45 degrees and +45 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-56 degrees to-33 degrees and +33 degrees to +56 degrees; finally, the state of the eight PIN diodes is controlled to realize a beam scanning range of-56 degrees to +56 degrees; at 0 ° radiation beam, the simulated-10 dB impedance matching bandwidth is 8.6%, at which point the maximum gain achieved is 11.6 dBi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode has the advantages of small size, compact structure, excellent electrical performance and the like by arranging the plurality of densely distributed radiation slots on the upper metal sheet, and is suitable for small base stations and scenes with limited space;
2. according to the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the PIN diode loading, the PIN diode is loaded on the radiation slot, so that flexible beam control is realized, the advantages of high flexibility and wide beam coverage range are achieved, and the requirement of a multi-beam base station on wide-angle scanning coverage can be met;
3. the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode selects a single-layer F4BM220 material with the thickness of 2mm as a dielectric substrate, has low cost in high-frequency plates, and is easy for batch production and large-scale application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, wherein:
1-a first metal layer, 2-a dielectric substrate, 3-a second metal layer, 4-a cylindrical metal connecting rod, 5-eight rectangular radiating grooves and 6-eight PIN diodes.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective structure of a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode in the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is simulation transmission phases and phase differences under excitation of different slots of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is simulated reflection coefficient amplitudes of different radiation beams of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode in the embodiment.
Fig. 5 is simulation gain amplitudes of different radiation beams of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
The invention provides a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode, which has the following specific implementation mode:
referring to fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode, which includes, in order from top to bottom, a first metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2, and a second metal layer 3; the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 are the same in shape and are rectangular; cylindrical metal connecting rods 4 are uniformly distributed on the edge of the medium substrate 2; eight rectangular radiation grooves 5 with the same shape and eight PIN diodes 6 are arranged on the surface of the first metal layer 1; the thicknesses of the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 are both 0.2 mm; the dielectric substrate 2 adopts a single layer of F4BM220, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the tangent value of a positive loss angle is 0.001; the thickness of the medium substrate 2 is 2 mm; the cylindrical metal connecting rod 4 is connected with the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 to form a single-wide-edge open-circuit cavity structure, so that a metal wall of the dielectric integrated waveguide is formed; the rectangular radiation groove 5 is respectively composed of a radiation groove 51, a radiation groove 52, a radiation groove 53, a radiation groove 54, a radiation groove 55, a radiation groove 56, a radiation groove 57 and a radiation groove 58; each radiation groove is uniformly distributed on two sides of the central line of the wide side of the first metal layer 1, and a PIN diode is loaded at the center of each radiation groove; the PIN diode 6 is composed of a PIN diode 61, a PIN diode 62, a PIN diode 63, a PIN diode 64, a PIN diode 65, a PIN diode 66, a PIN diode 67, and a PIN diode 68, respectively, and is used to control the state of the radiation slot. Two opposite electric field distributions are obtained by controlling any one of two PIN diodes which are symmetrically distributed along the wide side to be in a conducting state, so that the radiation phase has a 180-degree difference; when PIN diodes 61, 63, 66 and 68 are arranged to be conducted and the other ends are cut off, the beam pointing angle of the array antenna is 0 degree, and 3dB lobes cover-10 degrees to +10 degrees; when PIN diodes 61, 63, 64 and 66 are set to be turned on or turned off, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-15 degrees and +15 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-25 degrees to-5 degrees and +5 degrees to +25 degrees; when the PIN diodes 61, 62, 67 and 68 are turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-30 degrees and +30 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-40 degrees to-20 degrees and +20 degrees to +40 degrees; when the PIN diodes 61, 62, 63 and 64 are set to be conducted, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-45 degrees and +45 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-56 degrees to-33 degrees and +33 degrees to +56 degrees; finally, the state of the eight PIN diodes 6 is controlled to realize a beam scanning range of-56 degrees to +56 degrees.
In the present invention, the length L of the first metal layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2, and the second metal layer 3 is 128mm, and the width a is 26.1 mm. The diameter d of the metal connecting rod 4 is 1mm, and the adjacent distance p of each metal connecting rod is 2.3 mm. The rectangular radiation slot 5 has a length of 22.7mm and a width of 0.9 mm. The distance between the center of each radiation groove and the center line of the wide edge of the metal layer is 1.4mm, and the distance L1 between the centers of two adjacent radiation grooves along the z-axis direction is 29.2 mm.
As fig. 3 shows the simulated transmission phase and phase difference under the excitation of different slots of the antenna in the working frequency band, it can be seen that the transmission phase difference under the excitation of two different slots is stabilized at 180 °.
As shown in fig. 4, the simulated reflection coefficients of the antenna array in 4 different radiation modes in the working frequency band are shown, and it can be seen that when the radiation beam is 0 °, the frequency band with the reflection coefficient smaller than-10 dB covers 5.55GHz to 6.05 GHz.
As the simulation gains of the antenna array under 4 different radiation beams are shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the beam scanning range covers-56 ° - +56 °, and the maximum gain is 11.6dBi in the radiation mode of 0 °.
Therefore, the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode has the characteristics of excellent electrical performance, simple structure, convenience in processing and debugging, wide working frequency band, wide beam coverage range, high flexibility and the like.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on a loaded PIN diode comprises a first metal layer 1, a dielectric substrate 2 and a second metal layer 3 from top to bottom in sequence; cylindrical metal connecting rods 4 are uniformly distributed on the edge of the medium substrate 2; the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 are the same in shape and are rectangular; eight rectangular radiation grooves 5 with the same shape and eight PIN diodes 6 are arranged on the surface of the first metal layer 1; the proposed beam reconfigurable slot array antenna is placed along the z-axis.
2. According to claim 1, the medium substrate 2 of the PIN diode loaded beam reconfigurable slot array antenna adopts a single layer of F4BM220, the relative dielectric constant is 2.2, and the tangent value of a positive loss angle is 0.001; the dielectric substrate 2 has a thickness of 2 mm.
3. According to claim 1, the cylindrical metal connecting rod 4 of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode is connected with the first metal layer 1 and the second metal layer 3 to form a single-wide-side open-circuit cavity structure, so that the metal wall of the dielectric integrated waveguide is formed.
4. According to claim 1, the rectangular radiation slot 5 of the PIN diode loaded beam reconfigurable slot array antenna is respectively composed of a radiation slot 51, a radiation slot 52, a radiation slot 53, a radiation slot 54, a radiation slot 55, a radiation slot 56, a radiation slot 57 and a radiation slot 58; each radiation groove is uniformly distributed on two sides of the central line of the wide side of the first metal layer 1, and a PIN diode is loaded at the center of each radiation groove.
5. According to claim 1, the PIN diode 6 of the PIN diode-loaded beam reconfigurable slot array antenna is composed of a PIN diode 61, a PIN diode 62, a PIN diode 63, a PIN diode 64, a PIN diode 65, a PIN diode 66, a PIN diode 67 and a PIN diode 68, respectively, and is used for controlling the state of a radiation slot; by controlling any one of two PIN diodes symmetrically distributed along the wide side to be in a conducting state, two opposite electric field distributions are obtained, and the radiation phases have a 180-degree difference.
6. According to claim 1, the operating frequency point of the beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on the loaded PIN diode is 5.8 GHz; when PIN diodes 61, 63, 66 and 68 are arranged to be turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angle of the array antenna is 0 degree, and 3dB lobes cover-10 degrees to +10 degrees; when PIN diodes 61, 63, 64 and 66 are set to be turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-15 degrees and +15 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-25 degrees to-5 degrees and +5 degrees to +25 degrees; when the PIN diodes 61, 62, 67 and 68 are turned on and turned off, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-30 degrees and +30 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-40 degrees to-20 degrees and +20 degrees to +40 degrees; when the PIN diodes 61, 62, 63 and 64 are set to be conducted, the beam pointing angles of the array antenna are-45 degrees and +45 degrees, and 3dB lobes cover-56 degrees to-33 degrees and +33 degrees to +56 degrees; finally, the state of the eight PIN diodes 6 is controlled to realize a beam scanning range of-56 degrees to +56 degrees; at 0 ° radiation beam, the simulated-10 dB impedance matching bandwidth is 8.6%, where the maximum gain is 11.6 dBi.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210277488.7A CN114628918B (en) | 2022-03-21 | Beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on loading PIN diode |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210277488.7A CN114628918B (en) | 2022-03-21 | Beam reconfigurable slot array antenna based on loading PIN diode |
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| CN114628918A true CN114628918A (en) | 2022-06-14 |
| CN114628918B CN114628918B (en) | 2024-07-19 |
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