CN1146265A - 防止编码器缓冲器在视频压缩中上溢和下溢的方法及设备 - Google Patents
防止编码器缓冲器在视频压缩中上溢和下溢的方法及设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用以在视频压缩系统中防止编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的方法和设备。一个虚拟缓冲器设置在一个速率控制器中,用以模拟解码器缓冲器满(102)。一个比特序列由编码器(104)产生,编码器(104)由速率控制器控制,以防止解码器缓冲器下溢和上溢。然后,该比特序列由编码器缓冲器接收,以产生一个比特流(106)。该比特流与瞬时的信道比特率相对应。该比特流从编码器缓冲器出来经过一段延迟(108)后传送到解码器缓冲器。该延迟由速率控制器控制,以使编码器缓冲器满与虚拟缓冲器满(110)同步。该同步可防止编码器缓冲器的上溢和下溢。
Description
本发明涉及视频压缩领域,具体涉及控制用于存储已压缩的视频数据的编码器缓冲器。
众所周知,视频系统包括多个通信设备和通信信道,其中通信信道为通信设备提供通信媒体。例如,通信信道可以是有线连接或射频载波。为了提高视频系统的效率,需数字压缩在通信媒体上传输的视频信号。数字压缩在维持视频感觉质量的同时减小代表视频的比特个数。比特数的减少可以更有效地利用信道带宽并减少存储的要求。为了实现数字视频压缩,每个通信设备应含有一个编码器和一个解码器。编码器允许视频信号在通信信道上传输以前压缩。解码器能从通信信道上接收被压缩的视频并处理它。可以利用数字视频压缩的通信设备包括:高清晰度电视收发信机、电缆电视收发信机、可视电话机、计算机和便携式无线电设备。
业已对数字视频压缩规定了几个标准,其中包括国际电信联盟ITU-T建议H.261、国际标准化组织/国际电子委员会(ISO/IEC)11172-2国际标准MPEG-1和即将颁布的ISO/IEC13818-2标准MPEG-2。这些标准规定了解码器须解码的比特流的语法,从而明确了对解码器的要求。这允许在制作编码器时有一定的灵活性,但编码器必须能够产生符合规定语法的比特流。
为了最大限度地利用可用信道带宽,同时保证视频质量最佳,编码器应力求使其产生的比特数与可用信道带宽相匹配,这通常是通过选择用于代表视频帧或图像的比特目标数来完成的。比特目标数被称为目标比特分配。不同图像的目标比特分配是完全不同的,这取决于图像类型和其它考虑。对于器生成比特时的另一个考虑就是系统中每一个缓冲器的容量。由于编码器和解码器的比特率通常是不恒定的,所以在信道的两端设置了缓冲器,一个位于编码器之后且在信道之前,另一个位于信道之后且在解码器之前。缓冲器吸收比特率的波动。编码器通常必须保证编码器和解码器的缓冲器不会因为比特流的产生而上溢或下溢。
通常,特别是在颁布在视频压缩标准的情况下,一种以上的图像类型可用于编码图像。例如,MPEG利用了帧内编码图像、预测图像和双向预测图像。帧内编码图像仅利用当前图像本身所含的信息来编码。预测图像利用当前图像和先前编码图像作为参考,来对当前图像编码。由于利用于先前编码图像作为参考,因只需要对当前图像和先前编码图像的差别进行编码,故通常产生较少的比特数。类似地,双向编码图像除了利用当前图像外,还可以利用过去的和/或先前编码的图像作为参考,来编码当前图像。不同的图像类型所产生的比特数本来就不一样。由于帧内编码图像在编码时没有参考图像,它本来就比双向编码的图像需要更多的比特。同样,预测图像的比特数通常比双向编码的图像多,但少于帧内编码图像。不同的图像类型使编码器速率与信道速率匹配的问题更加复杂化,因为不同的图像本身需要使用多些或少些比特。另外,使用不同的图像类型也对控制系统中驻存的任何缓冲器下溢和上溢更加复杂化。
据此,现在需要一种用以防止视频压缩系统中的编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢并保证视觉质量的方法和设备。
图1示出根据本发明的一种用以防止视频压缩系统中的编码器缓冲器上溢和下的方法的实施例的流程图。
图2示出根据本发明的一种含有一个速率控制器用以防止视频压缩系统的编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的设备的实施例的方块图。
图3示出根据本发明的编码器缓冲器满和虚拟缓冲器满的示意图。
本发明是一种用以防止视频压缩系统中的编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的方法和设备。一个虚拟缓冲器设在速率控制器中,来模拟解码器缓冲器满。一个比特序列由编码器产生。编码器由速率控制器来控制,以防止解码器缓冲器下溢和上溢。该比特序列然后由编码器缓冲器接收,以产生一个比特流。该比特流与瞬时的信道比特率相对应。该比特流从编码器缓冲器出来经过一段延迟后,传送到解码器缓冲器,该延时由速率控制器控制,以使编码器缓冲器满与虚拟缓冲器满同步。该同步防止编码器缓冲器不致上溢和下溢。
本发明的压缩算法方案使用了具有不同统计特性的不同类型的图像。为了使总编码图像的质量最佳化,针对编码不同类型的图像都预定了目标比特数。根据图像类型和其它考虑,该比特数对于不同的图像是完全不同的。为了获得好的编码图像质量,所产生的比特数要保持接近目标比特分配。
在编码时,视频图像被划分成为许多连续的块。例如,在MPEG-1和MPEG-2中,每块都由像素组成。当每块被编码时,产生的比特数被列表于虚拟缓冲器内,比特流入编码器缓冲器中。接着编码器缓冲器通过信道将比特输出到解码器缓冲器。
逐块产生的比特数通常都各不相同,而输出到信道的比特数却是恒定的。每块产生的比特数可通过调节各块被量化的数量以相对的方式进行控制。在一个特定的量化步级下,所产生的确切的比特数依赖于图像的内容而变化,并且在该块利用选定的量化步级已被压缩后才得知。然而,通常是量化步级越高则所产生的比特数越少。
参考图1-3来更详细地描述本发明。图2以标号100示出根据本发明的一种用以防止视频压缩系统中的编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的方法的流程图。在步骤102,将一个虚拟缓冲器设置在速率控制器中,用以模拟解码器缓冲器满。在步骤104,一个比特序列由编码器产生。该编码器由速率控制器控制,以防止解码器缓冲器下溢和上溢。然后,在步骤106,该比特序列被编码器缓冲器接收,以产生一个比特流。该比特流与瞬时的信道比特率相对应。在步骤108,该比特流从编码器缓冲器出来,经过一段延迟后传送到解码器缓冲器。在步骤110,该延时由速率控制器控制,以使编码器缓冲器满与虚拟缓冲器满同步。该同步防止了编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢。
编码器缓冲器被设计得具有比解码器缓冲器大些的存储容量。开关的延时τ由下式确定:
式中β是预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸,B(T-)是初始解码器缓冲器满,
R是预定的平均信道比特率,F是预定的帧速率。瞬间的信道速率由速率控制器监视,以更新预定的平均信道速率。
图2以标号是200示根据本发明的其内含有一个速率控制器用以防止视频压缩系统中的编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的设备的方框图。该设备包括:一个编码器202、一个编码器缓冲器204、一个开关206、一个解码器缓冲器208和一个速率控制器210。该速率控制器包括一个虚拟缓冲器212。
编码器202根据输入视频帧214产生一个比特序列216。编码器缓冲器204接收比特序列216并产生一个比特流218。开关206延迟该比特流218的传输,以产生一个已延迟的比特流220。该延迟的比特流与瞬时的信道速率222相对应。解码器缓冲器208接收该已延迟的比特流220。虚拟缓冲器212含在速率控制器210中,控制编码器202,因而防止了解码器缓冲器208下溢和上溢。包含有虚拟缓冲器212的速率控制器210还控制开关206的延迟,以防止编码器缓冲器204上溢和下溢。
编码器缓冲器被设计得具有比解码器缓冲器大些的存储容量。开关的延时τ由下式确定: 式中β是预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸224,B(T-)是初始解码器缓冲器满226,
R是预定的平均信道比特率230,F是预定的帧速率228。瞬间的信道比特率222与延迟的比特流220相对应,由速率控制器210监视,以更新预定的平均信道速率230。
图3以标号300示出根据本发明的编码器缓冲器满310和虚拟缓冲器满306的示意图。缓冲器满302示为按帧304表示的时间的函数。预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸224与初始解码器缓冲器满226之差308描绘在时间零处,表示为:
β-B(T-)
编码器缓冲器满310与虚拟缓冲器满306之差δ314根据开关206的延时来更新,以匹配编码器缓冲器存储容量与解码器缓冲器存储容量的差值。
本发明提供了一种在视频压缩系统中的解码器缓冲器上溢和下溢已被防止时可用以防止编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的增强方法。其它的速率控制方法例如MPEG-2的TM5和MPEG-1的SM3都未曾提及缓冲器的上溢和下溢。
虽然上文已经描述了示例性的实施例,但本领域的技术人员显而易见可以作出许多替代和修改均未偏离本发明。据此,有意将所有这些替代和修改均包含在所附的权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用以在视频压缩系统中防止编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a)在一个速率控制器中建立一个虚拟缓冲器,以模拟解码器缓冲器满;
b)由一个编码器产生一个比特序列,其中该编码器由速率控制器控制,以防止解码器缓冲器下溢和上溢;
c)由编码器缓冲器接收该比特序列并产生一个比特流;
d)该比特流从编码器缓冲器出来经过一段延迟以后产生一个已延迟的比特流,传送到解码器缓冲器,其中该已延迟的比特流与瞬时的信道比特率相对应,及
e)由速率控制器控制该延时,以使编码器缓冲器满与虚拟缓冲器满同步,其中,该同步可防止编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的延时基于预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸、初始解码器缓冲器满、预定的平均信道比特率和预定的帧速率。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的延时由下式确定: 式中β是预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸,B(T-)是初始解码器缓冲器满,R是预定的平均信道比特率,F是预定的帧速率。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括由速率控制器监视瞬时的信道比特率,以更新预置的平均信道比特率。
6.一种用以在视频压缩系统中防止编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢的设备,其特征在于,包括:
一个编码器,可操作地耦合到一个速率控制器,用以根据输入视频帧产生一个比特序列;
一个编码器缓冲器,可操作地耦合到所述的编码器,用以接收该比特序列并产生一个比特流;
一个开关,可操作地耦合到所述的编码器缓冲器和速率控制器,用以产生一个延迟和防止该比特流从编码器缓冲器直接传送到解码器缓冲器,以产生一个已延迟的比特流,其中,该已延迟的比特流对应于瞬时的信道比特率;
所述的解码器缓冲器,可操作地耦合到该开关,用以接收该比特流;及
一个速率控制器,可操作地耦合到该开关,用以控制编码器,来防止解码器缓冲器下溢和上溢,还控制该开关的延时,以防止该编码器缓冲器上溢和下溢。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,一个预定的编码器缓冲器尺寸大于一个预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其特征在于,所述的时延基于该预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸、一个初始解码器缓冲器满、一个预定的平均信道比特率和一个预定的帧速率,及至少8A-8B中的一个可以选用:
8A)所述的延时由下式确定: 式中β是该预定的解码器缓冲器尺寸,B(B-)是该初始解码器缓冲器满,
R是该预定的平均信道比特率,F是该预定的帧速率;
8B)由该速率控制器监视该瞬时的信道比特率,以更新该预定的平均信道比特率。
9.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,该速率控制器包含一个虚拟缓冲器,用以模拟解码器缓冲器满。
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US08/392,583 US5619341A (en) | 1995-02-23 | 1995-02-23 | Method and apparatus for preventing overflow and underflow of an encoder buffer in a video compression system |
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CN95192611.XA Pending CN1146265A (zh) | 1995-02-23 | 1995-12-14 | 防止编码器缓冲器在视频压缩中上溢和下溢的方法及设备 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5619341A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0758509B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1146265A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2186627C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69523153T2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996026595A1 (zh) |
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- 1995-02-23 US US08/392,583 patent/US5619341A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-14 EP EP95943824A patent/EP0758509B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-14 CA CA002186627A patent/CA2186627C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-14 CN CN95192611.XA patent/CN1146265A/zh active Pending
- 1995-12-14 WO PCT/US1995/016358 patent/WO1996026595A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-14 DE DE69523153T patent/DE69523153T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1067831C (zh) * | 1998-07-15 | 2001-06-27 | 国家科学技术委员会高技术研究发展中心 | Mpeg-2视频解码器及其输入缓冲器的控制方法 |
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CN102638687A (zh) * | 2006-12-12 | 2012-08-15 | 梵提克斯公司 | 用于视频编码标准的改进的视频速率控制 |
CN107409219A (zh) * | 2015-04-13 | 2017-11-28 | 高通股份有限公司 | 用于显示流压缩的速率受限回退模式 |
CN107409219B (zh) * | 2015-04-13 | 2020-02-21 | 高通股份有限公司 | 译码视频信息的方法、设备、装置和计算机可读存储媒体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0758509A4 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
AU4520096A (en) | 1996-09-11 |
WO1996026595A1 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
CA2186627A1 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
AU678926B2 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
EP0758509A1 (en) | 1997-02-19 |
EP0758509B1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
DE69523153T2 (de) | 2002-07-11 |
CA2186627C (en) | 2000-08-08 |
US5619341A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
DE69523153D1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
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