CN114624660B - Antenna transmitting direction diagram, antenna receiving direction diagram and beam direction diagram testing method - Google Patents
Antenna transmitting direction diagram, antenna receiving direction diagram and beam direction diagram testing method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- G01S7/4026—Antenna boresight
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antenna transmitting pattern, a receiving pattern and a beam pattern testing method, wherein an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on an outer field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and is used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, main beams of the auxiliary antenna and main beams of the radar antenna are aligned to the reflector, and the transmitting pattern or the receiving pattern is tested by utilizing the echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver or the echo intensity received by the radar. The radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves and receiving back scattering power are arranged at the same physical position, so that the flexibility is high and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar testing, and particularly relates to a method for measuring a radar antenna transmitting directional diagram, a radar antenna receiving directional diagram and a radar beam directional diagram in a far field.
Background
The antenna pattern is a pattern for expressing the directivity of an antenna, and the term "antenna directivity" refers to the relationship between the relative value of the antenna radiation field and the spatial direction under the condition of the same distance R in a far zone.
The performances of antenna beam pointing, beam width, side lobe suppression and the like are important foundations and requirements of radar performance, and the performance parameters can be intuitively embodied through a beam pattern. Currently, there are mainly several methods for radar pattern or antenna pattern measurement: near field darkroom method, far field method, compact range, etc. The directional diagrams measured by the near field darkroom method and the compact range method are accurate and reliable, and have the disadvantages that a probe is required to collect the amplitude and phase distribution of the near field of an antenna, and the test time is long; the near-field darkroom has high construction cost and large investment, is limited by the field, and can not measure the beam pattern once the radar leaves the factory; the far field method is quick in measurement and low in investment compared with a near field darkroom, but a special site still needs to be built for testing. These methods are either difficult to reuse after the radar outfield is erected or too expensive to equip each radar with a far field test platform.
In order to overcome these problems, efforts are continually being made to be able to test beam patterns more conveniently, quickly and flexibly at the test site or external field. The application publication number is CN113281576A, and the name is Chinese patent literature of an antenna pattern test method based on internal calibration multi-wave-position test, wherein the normal wave beam and amplitude-phase distribution data and the like of darkroom test are combined, the wave beam pattern of the multi-wave-position can be calculated by utilizing the radar internal calibration test, and the test efficiency is greatly improved. The method has obvious advantages in the aspect of beam antenna pattern test of the large multi-beam phased array radar, and the calculation error is overlarge due to insufficient space sampling points when the radar beams with fewer receiving and transmitting channels are tested; and a radar (such as a mechanically scanned parabolic antenna radar) with only one receiving and transmitting channel cannot adopt the method at all.
The application publication number is CN113341238A, and the name is China patent literature of a method for measuring an antenna pattern by using solar radiation, wherein the method for measuring the antenna pattern by using solar radiation is proposed, the antenna pattern can be tested in an external field, the problem that the antenna pattern is limited in a microwave darkroom is solved, and the antenna pattern measurement can be realized by using a system to observe the solar radiation intensity under a sunny condition without other test instruments and special test environments. However, the method has obvious limitations that firstly, the method can only utilize a high-sensitivity receiver to test the brightness temperature through solar radiation, obviously can only test the receiving beam pattern but can not test the transmitting beam pattern, and secondly, when the caliber size of an antenna is insufficient or the sensitivity of the receiver is not high enough, the method cannot be effectively utilized, namely, the applicability of the method is not high.
Therefore, the conventional far-field method tests the pattern, the caliber size of the antenna and the far-field conditions under different working frequency conditions are different, so that the receiving and transmitting antennas are required to be positioned at different physical positions, and the adaptability of the test platform is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antenna transmitting directional diagram, an antenna receiving directional diagram and a beam directional diagram testing method, which are used for solving the problem that the transmitting directional diagram and the receiving directional diagram cannot be tested conveniently and at low cost after a radar is erected in an external field.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme: an antenna emission pattern testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the transmission pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S11: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted to enable the main beam of the auxiliary antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S12: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating azimuth angle and pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S13: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector;
Step S14: the radar transmits synchronous pulse signals and trigger signals to the auxiliary transceiver while sequentially transmitting electromagnetic wave signals of different beams with different frequencies; setting the wave beam to be detected with the sequence number m of the electromagnetic wave signal with the frequency f n as b m;
The auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records echo intensity P tnm of a distance library where the signal reflected by the reflector is located and an included angle between the normal of the array surface of the radar antenna and the connecting line of the step S12, and transmits the echo intensity to the radar; wherein P tnm represents the echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f n and beam b m;
Step S15: maintaining the working state of the step S14, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse azimuth angles and pitch angles required to be tested, and recording electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, wave beam serial numbers of electromagnetic wave signals and echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
Step S16: determining azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S15;
step S17: and drawing a transmitting direction diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
Further, the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
Further, the reflector is a metal sphere, and the metal sphere satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere and is insensitive to the working wavelength of the radar, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
Further, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is larger than the sum of the receiving sensitivity of the auxiliary transceiver, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
Further, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is as follows:
Pr1＝Pt1*Gt1*Gr1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r1 is electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna, P t1 is radar transmitting power, G t1 is transmitting gain of the radar antenna, G r1 is receiving gain of the auxiliary antenna, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is reflecting section area of the reflector, lambda is radar working wavelength.
The invention also provides an antenna receiving pattern testing method, an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on the radar erection external field, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and is used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the receiving pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
Step S21: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted to enable the main beam of the auxiliary antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S22: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating azimuth angle and pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
Step S23: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector;
Step S24: the radar transmits a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, and the auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits electromagnetic wave signals of different wave beams with different frequencies according to the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal; let the beam of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the radar with the frequency f i be b j;
The radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity P rij of a distance base where the signal reflected by the reflector is located and the included angle between the normal of the array surface of the radar antenna and the connecting line of the step S22; wherein P rij represents the echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f i and beam b j;
Step S25: maintaining the working state of the step S24, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse azimuth angles and pitch angles required to be tested, and recording electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, wave beam serial numbers of electromagnetic wave signals and echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
Step S26: determining azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S25;
step S27: and drawing a receiving direction diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
Further, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is greater than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the maximum sidelobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
Further, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is as follows:
Pr2＝Pt2*Gt2*Gr2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r2 is electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna, P t2 is auxiliary transceiver transmitting power, G t2 is auxiliary antenna transmitting gain, G r2 is radar antenna receiving gain, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, σ is reflecting cross-section area of the reflector, λ is radar working wavelength.
The invention also provides an antenna beam pattern testing method, an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in the radar erection external field, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and is used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the beam pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
Step S31: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted to enable the main beam of the auxiliary antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S32: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating azimuth angle and pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S33: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector;
Step S34: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver so that the radar and the auxiliary transceiver synchronously work in a cooperative manner;
The radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies and different wave beams, the auxiliary transceiver sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance bank where the signals transmitted by the radar and reflected by the reflector are located, and the radar sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance bank where the signals transmitted by the auxiliary transceiver and reflected by the reflector are located;
Step S35: maintaining the working state of the step S34, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse azimuth angles and pitch angles required to be tested, and recording electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, wave beam serial numbers of electromagnetic wave signals and echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
Step S36: determining azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the radar based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers and the echo intensities of the electromagnetic wave signals corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S35;
Step S37: drawing a transmitting direction diagram according to the echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle; and drawing a receiving direction diagram according to the echo intensity received by the radar and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
Further, the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
Preferably, the reflector is a metal sphere, and the metal sphere satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
Wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
Compared with the traditional far field method for directly measuring the directional diagram, the antenna transmitting directional diagram, the antenna receiving directional diagram and the beam directional diagram testing method provided by the invention have the advantages that the directional diagram is indirectly tested by measuring the power reflected by the reflector, the radar antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves and receiving backward scattered power and the auxiliary antenna are positioned at the same physical position, and the flexibility is high and the cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawing in the description below is only one embodiment of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radar erection outfield structure in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is shown, however, only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technical scheme of the application is described in detail below by specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna emission pattern testing method, which mainly utilizes a radar system, an auxiliary antenna, an auxiliary transceiver and a reflector suspended in the air are additionally arranged to realize the antenna pattern testing, a specific structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with a radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and is used for back scattering (namely reflection or refraction) electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector.
The radar is a radar of a transmission or reception pattern (or beam pattern) to be detected, and the radar can be a single-beam or multi-beam radar which is not received, is not received or is received. The radar is provided with a high-precision positioning device; the azimuth angle and/or the pitch angle of the radar antenna can rotate under the action of a radar servo motor; the radar transmits the electromagnetic wave signals and simultaneously transmits the synchronous pulse signals and other control signals to the auxiliary transceiver so as to realize the synchronous and cooperative work of the two transceivers and test the beam pattern.
The reflector back-scatters electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna to the radar antenna or back-scatters electromagnetic wave signals from the radar antenna to the auxiliary antenna; the reflector is provided with a high-precision positioning device.
The auxiliary antenna is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals (shown by a solid line in fig. 1), and the electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted to the radar antenna after passing through the reflector, or receiving electromagnetic wave signals (shown by a broken line in fig. 1) transmitted by the radar antenna and passing through the reflector.
The auxiliary transceiver can synchronously generate a transmitting excitation signal and transmit the transmitting excitation signal to the auxiliary antenna for transmitting when testing a radar receiving beam pattern according to signals or instructions issued by the radar; when the radar transmitting beam pattern is tested, the synchronous receiving process is carried out on the signal which is transmitted by the radar and is received by the auxiliary antenna and passes through the reflector, the auxiliary transceiver can process the electromagnetic wave signal which is received by the auxiliary antenna and then transmit the processed electromagnetic wave signal to the radar, and the radar can obtain the intensity of the reflected signal which is received by the auxiliary antenna.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary transceiver is an analog transceiver or a digital transceiver, the processing of the electromagnetic wave signal by the analog transceiver is low noise amplification, frequency conversion, filtering, and the like, and the processing of the electromagnetic wave signal by the digital transceiver is low noise amplification, frequency conversion, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, and the like.
Based on the structure shown in fig. 1, the antenna transmission pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S11: the reflector is suspended in the air, and the reflector suspension position satisfies the following conditions:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar. The reflector remains in place and the reflective properties during the test.
In one embodiment of the invention, the scattering properties of the reflector are in the optical region, e.g. the reflector is a metal sphere and the metal sphere fulfils the following conditions:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
Wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere, and sigma is insensitive to the working wavelength of the radar when the above relation is satisfied.
Step S12: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector, and the back scattering echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver is strongest.
When the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the center of the reflector, the back scattering echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver is strongest, the influence of clutter such as auxiliary antenna side lobes and ground features is avoided, the test accuracy is improved, the main lobe of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector, and the orientation and the position of the auxiliary antenna are kept unchanged in the subsequent steps.
The auxiliary antenna aperture size should have its main beam width greater than the pattern angular resolution, e.g., the auxiliary antenna aperture size should have its main beam width greater than 10 times (or greater) the pattern angular resolution. When the gain error allowed by the pattern is, for example, 0.3dB, the corresponding beam width should be defined as 0.3dB beam width.
When the transmission calibration is performed, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are aligned with the reflector) is larger than the sum of the receiving sensitivity of the auxiliary transceiver, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is:
Pr1＝Pt1*Gt1*Gr1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r1 is electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna, P t1 is radar transmitting power, G t1 is transmitting gain of the radar antenna, G r1 is receiving gain of the auxiliary antenna, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is reflecting section area of the reflector, lambda is radar working wavelength.
Step S13: and obtaining the geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information.
The radar and the reflector are both provided with a positioning device, longitude and latitude information and altitude information of the reflector and longitude and latitude information and altitude information of the radar can be obtained through the positioning device, and azimuth angle phi 0 and pitch angle theta 0 of a connecting line between the reflector and a radar antenna can be calculated according to the longitude and latitude information and the altitude information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude information and the altitude information of the radar.
Step S14: and adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned with the reflector.
Step S15: the radar transmits electromagnetic wave signals of different beams with different frequencies in sequence and simultaneously transmits a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver so as to realize synchronous and cooperative work of the two; the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to the reflector, reflected or refracted by the reflector and then transmitted back to the auxiliary antenna, the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity P tnm of the distance base where the signal reflected by the reflector is located (namely the electromagnetic wave power corresponding to the distance base), and the included angle between the normal line of the array surface of the radar antenna and the connecting line of the step S13, and transmits the echo intensity to the radar.
The radar sequentially transmits pulse electromagnetic wave signals with the frequency of f n (n=1, 2,3, …), and the beam b m（m=1,2,3,…）;Ptnm required to be tested can be independently set to represent the echo intensities corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signals of the nth frequency f n and the mth beam b m.
Step S16: maintaining the working state of the step S15, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse an azimuth angle (- tmax,+φtmax) and a pitch angle (-theta tmax,+θtmax) of a required test, and recording the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, namely recording (f n,bm,Ptnm,φt,θt).
Step S17: based on the step S16, the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles to be tested can be obtained, and the azimuth angle phi t0 and the pitch angle theta t0 corresponding to the maximum echo intensity P t0 are determined.
Step S18: and drawing a transmitting direction diagram according to the corresponding relation between the echo intensity P tmn, the azimuth angle phi t and the pitch angle theta t.
The azimuth angle phi t0 and the pitch angle theta t0 corresponding to the maximum echo intensity P t0 are the direction of the transmitting beam, the matlab or other drawing software is utilized to draw the test results (P tnm,φt,θt) of the beam b m and the frequency f n, and the beam transmitting direction diagram with the working frequency f n、bm is obtained, namely, the normalized radar antenna transmitting beam three-dimensional direction diagram is drawn.
According to the antenna receiving pattern testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on an outer field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector, as shown in fig. 1. The receiving pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S21: the reflector is suspended in the air, and the reflector suspension position satisfies the following conditions:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar. The reflector remains in place and the reflective properties during the test.
In one embodiment of the invention, the scattering properties of the reflector are in the optical region, e.g. the reflector is a metal sphere and the metal sphere fulfils the following conditions:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
Wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere, and sigma is insensitive to the working wavelength of the radar when the above relation is satisfied.
Step S22: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector, and the back scattering echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver is strongest.
In the receiving calibration, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are aligned with the reflector) is larger than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the maximum sidelobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is:
Pr2＝Pt2*Gt2*Gr2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r2 is electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna, P t2 is auxiliary transceiver transmitting power, G t2 is auxiliary antenna transmitting gain, G r2 is radar antenna receiving gain, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, σ is reflecting cross-section area of the reflector, λ is radar working wavelength.
Step S23: and obtaining the geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information.
The radar and the reflector are both provided with a positioning device, longitude and latitude information and altitude information of the reflector and longitude and latitude information and altitude information of the radar can be obtained through the positioning device, and azimuth angle phi 0 and pitch angle theta 0 of a connecting line between the reflector and a radar antenna can be calculated according to the longitude and latitude information and the altitude information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude information and the altitude information of the radar.
Step S24: and adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned with the reflector.
Step S25: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver so as to realize synchronous and cooperative work of the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal; the auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits electromagnetic wave signals of different wave beams with different frequencies according to the synchronous pulse signals and the trigger signals; the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to the reflector, and is back scattered to the radar antenna, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity P rij of the distance base where the signal reflected by the reflector is located and the included angle between the normal line of the array surface of the radar antenna and the connecting line of the step S24.
The auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits pulse electromagnetic wave signals with the frequency of f i (i=1, 2,3, …), and each pulse electromagnetic wave signal with the frequency can independently set the echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signals of the ith frequency f i and the jth beam b j as the beam b j（j=1,2,3,…）;Prij to be tested.
Step S26: maintaining the working state of the step S25, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse an azimuth angle (- rmax,+φrmax) and a pitch angle (-theta rmax,+θrmax) of a required test, and recording the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, namely recording (f i,bj,Prij,φr,θr).
Step S27: based on the step S26, the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles to be tested can be obtained, and the azimuth angle phi r0 and the pitch angle theta r0 corresponding to the maximum echo intensity P r0 are determined.
Step S28: and drawing a receiving direction diagram according to the corresponding relation between the echo intensity P rij, the azimuth angle phi r and the pitch angle theta r.
The azimuth angle phi r0 and the pitch angle theta r0 corresponding to the maximum echo intensity P r0 are the direction of the received wave beam, and the test results (P rij,φr,θr) of the wave beam b j and the frequency f i are drawn by matlab or other drawing software to obtain a wave beam receiving direction diagram with the working frequency f i、bj, namely a normalized three-dimensional wave beam receiving direction diagram of the radar antenna is drawn.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna beam pattern testing method, wherein an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on the radar erection external field, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector, as shown in figure 1. The antenna beam pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S31: the reflector is suspended in the air, and the reflector suspension position satisfies the following conditions:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar. The reflector remains in place and the reflective properties during the test.
In one embodiment of the invention, the scattering properties of the reflector are in the optical region, e.g. the reflector is a metal sphere and the metal sphere fulfils the following conditions:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere, and sigma is insensitive to the working wavelength of the radar when the conditions are met.
Step S32: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is opposite to the reflector.
When the transmission calibration is performed, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are aligned with the reflector) is larger than the sum of the receiving sensitivity of the auxiliary transceiver, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is:
Pr1＝Pt1*Gt1*Gr1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r1 is electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna, P t1 is radar transmitting power, G t1 is transmitting gain of the radar antenna, G r1 is receiving gain of the auxiliary antenna, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is reflecting section area of the reflector, lambda is radar working wavelength.
In the receiving calibration, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are aligned with the reflector) is larger than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the maximum sidelobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is:
Pr2＝Pt2*Gt2*Gr2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r2 is electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna, P t2 is auxiliary transceiver transmitting power, G t2 is auxiliary antenna transmitting gain, G r2 is radar antenna receiving gain, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, σ is reflecting cross-section area of the reflector, λ is radar working wavelength.
Step S33: and obtaining the geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information.
The radar and the reflector are both provided with a positioning device, longitude and latitude information and altitude information of the reflector and longitude and latitude information and altitude information of the radar can be obtained through the positioning device, and azimuth angle phi 0 and pitch angle theta 0 of a connecting line between the reflector and a radar antenna can be calculated according to the longitude and latitude information and the altitude information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude information and the altitude information of the radar.
Step S34: and adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned with the reflector.
Step S35: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, so that the radar and the auxiliary transceiver synchronously work in a cooperative manner; the radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies and different wave beams, the auxiliary transceiver sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance bank where the signals transmitted by the radar and reflected by the reflector are located, and the radar sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance bank where the signals transmitted by the auxiliary transceiver and reflected by the reflector are located.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies and different beams means that: an electromagnetic wave signal with the radar transmitting frequency f 1 and the wave beam b 1 is back scattered to an auxiliary antenna through a reflector, and the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity P t11 of a distance base where the signal is located; The auxiliary transceiver transmits an electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f 1 and wave beam b 1, the electromagnetic wave signal is back scattered to a radar antenna through a reflector, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity P r11 of a range bin where the signal is located. An electromagnetic wave signal with the radar transmitting frequency f 2 and the wave beam b 2 is back scattered to an auxiliary antenna through a reflector, and the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity P t22 of a distance base where the signal is located; The auxiliary transceiver transmits an electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f 2 and wave beam b 2, the electromagnetic wave signal is back scattered to a radar antenna through a reflector, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity P r22 of a range bin where the signal is located. An electromagnetic wave signal with the radar transmitting frequency f 3 and the wave beam b 3 is back scattered to an auxiliary antenna through a reflector, and the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity P t33 of a distance base where the signal is located; The auxiliary transceiver transmits an electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f 3 and wave beam b 3, the electromagnetic wave signal is back scattered to a radar antenna through a reflector, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity P r33 of a range bin where the signal is located. The electromagnetic wave signals are alternately and sequentially transmitted in this way, and the simultaneous test of the transmitting direction diagram and the receiving direction diagram is realized.
Step S36: maintaining the working state of the step S35, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse an azimuth angle (- max,+φmax) and a pitch angle (-theta max,+θmax) of a required test, and recording the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, namely recording (f n,bm,Ptnm,Prnm, phi, theta).
Step S37: based on the step S36, the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles to be tested can be obtained, and the azimuth angle phi t0 and the pitch angle theta t0 corresponding to the maximum echo intensity P t0 received by the auxiliary transceiver, and the azimuth angle phi r0 and the pitch angle theta r0 corresponding to the maximum echo intensity P r0 received by the radar are determined;
Step S38: drawing a transmitting direction diagram according to the echo intensity P tnm received by the auxiliary transceiver and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle phi and the pitch angle theta; and drawing a receiving direction diagram according to the echo intensity P rnm received by the radar and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle phi and the pitch angle theta.
The foregoing disclosure is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The antenna emission pattern testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on an outer field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the transmission pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S11: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted to enable the main beam of the auxiliary antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S12: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating azimuth angle and pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S13: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector;
Step S14: the radar transmits synchronous pulse signals and trigger signals to the auxiliary transceiver while sequentially transmitting electromagnetic wave signals of different beams with different frequencies; setting the wave beam to be detected with the sequence number m of the electromagnetic wave signal with the frequency f n as b m;
The auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records echo intensity P tnm of a distance library where the signal reflected by the reflector is located and an included angle between the normal of the array surface of the radar antenna and the connecting line of the step S12, and transmits the echo intensity to the radar; wherein P tnm represents the echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f n and beam b m;
Step S15: maintaining the working state of the step S14, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse azimuth angles and pitch angles required to be tested, and recording electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, wave beam serial numbers of electromagnetic wave signals and echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
Step S16: determining azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S15;
step S17: and drawing a transmitting direction diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
2. The antenna transmission pattern testing method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
3. The antenna transmission pattern testing method according to claim 1, wherein the reflector is a metal ball, and the metal ball satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
Wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
4. The antenna transmission pattern testing method of claim 1, wherein the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is greater than the sum of the auxiliary transceiver reception sensitivity, the radar antenna maximum side lobe suppression absolute value, and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
5. The method for testing an antenna transmission pattern according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is:
Pr1＝Pt1*Gt1*Gr1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r1 is electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna, P t1 is radar transmitting power, G t1 is transmitting gain of the radar antenna, G r1 is receiving gain of the auxiliary antenna, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is reflecting section area of the reflector, lambda is radar working wavelength.
6. The antenna receiving pattern testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on an outer field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the receiving pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
Step S21: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted to enable the main beam of the auxiliary antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S22: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating azimuth angle and pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
Step S23: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector;
Step S24: the radar transmits a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, and the auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits electromagnetic wave signals of different wave beams with different frequencies according to the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal; let the beam of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the radar with the frequency f i be b j;
The radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity P rij of a distance base where the signal reflected by the reflector is located and the included angle between the normal of the array surface of the radar antenna and the connecting line of the step S22; wherein P rij represents the echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal with frequency f i and beam b j;
Step S25: maintaining the working state of the step S24, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse azimuth angles and pitch angles required to be tested, and recording electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, wave beam serial numbers of electromagnetic wave signals and echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
Step S26: determining azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensities corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S25;
step S27: and drawing a receiving direction diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
7. The antenna reception pattern testing method of claim 6, wherein the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is greater than a sum of radar sensitivity, a radar antenna maximum side lobe suppression absolute value, and a system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
8. The antenna reception pattern testing method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the calculation formula of the electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is:
Pr2＝Pt2*Gt2*Gr2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R4
Wherein, P r2 is electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna, P t2 is auxiliary transceiver transmitting power, G t2 is auxiliary antenna transmitting gain, G r2 is radar antenna receiving gain, R is distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, σ is reflecting cross-section area of the reflector, λ is radar working wavelength.
9. The antenna beam pattern testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged on an outer field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for back scattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the beam pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
Step S31: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse receiving and transmitting working state, and the azimuth and pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted to enable the main beam of the auxiliary antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S32: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating azimuth angle and pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S33: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector;
Step S34: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver so that the radar and the auxiliary transceiver synchronously work in a cooperative manner;
The radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies and different wave beams, the auxiliary transceiver sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance bank where the signals transmitted by the radar and reflected by the reflector are located, and the radar sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance bank where the signals transmitted by the auxiliary transceiver and reflected by the reflector are located;
Step S35: maintaining the working state of the step S34, taking a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse azimuth angles and pitch angles required to be tested, and recording electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, wave beam serial numbers of electromagnetic wave signals and echo intensities corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
Step S36: determining azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and azimuth angles and pitch angles corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the radar based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies, the beam serial numbers and the echo intensities of the electromagnetic wave signals corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S35;
Step S37: drawing a transmitting direction diagram according to the echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle; and drawing a receiving direction diagram according to the echo intensity received by the radar and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
10. The antenna beam pattern testing method of claim 9, wherein the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D2/λ
Wherein R is the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna, D is the sum of D and l, D is the larger of the caliber size of the radar antenna and the caliber size of the auxiliary antenna, l is the distance between the auxiliary antenna and the center of the array plane of the radar antenna, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
11. The antenna beam pattern testing method of claim 10, wherein the reflector is a metal sphere and the metal sphere satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
Wherein r is the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflecting cross-sectional area of the metal sphere, and lambda is the working wavelength of the radar.
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