CN114624660A - Antenna transmitting directional diagram, receiving directional diagram and beam directional diagram testing method - Google Patents
Antenna transmitting directional diagram, receiving directional diagram and beam directional diagram testing method Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- G01S7/4026—Antenna boresight
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antenna transmitting directional diagram, receiving directional diagram and beam directional diagram testing method, wherein an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with a radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering an electromagnetic wave signal from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, a main beam of the auxiliary antenna and a main beam of the radar antenna are both aligned to the reflector, and a transmitting directional diagram or a receiving directional diagram is tested by using the echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver or the echo intensity received by the radar. The radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna for transmitting the electromagnetic waves and receiving the backward scattering power are in the same physical position, so that the flexibility is high and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar testing, and particularly relates to a method for measuring a transmitting directional diagram, a receiving directional diagram and a beam directional diagram of a radar antenna in a far field.
Background
An antenna pattern is a pattern for indicating the directivity of an antenna, the so-called "antenna directionSex "means the same distance in the remote zoneRThe relative value of the antenna radiation field versus the spatial direction.
The performances of antenna beam pointing, beam width, side lobe suppression and the like are important bases and requirements for excellent radar performance, and the performance parameters can be intuitively reflected through a beam pattern. Currently, there are several main methods for measuring a radar pattern or an antenna pattern: near field darkroom, far field, compact field, and the like. Directional diagrams measured by a near-field darkroom method and a compact field method are accurate and reliable, and the method has the disadvantages that a probe is required to acquire the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna near field, and the test time is long; the near-field darkroom has high construction cost and large investment, and is limited by a field, and once the radar leaves a factory, the beam direction diagram can not be measured by the near-field darkroom; the far field method is rapid in measurement, the investment is relatively low compared with a near field darkroom, and a special field needs to be built for testing. These methods are difficult to reuse after the radar field is set up, or it is too expensive to have a far field test platform for each radar.
In order to overcome these problems, efforts are constantly being made to be able to test beam patterns in a test field or an external field more conveniently, quickly and flexibly. For example, the application publication No. CN113281576A entitled a chinese patent document of an antenna pattern testing method based on internal calibration multiple wave position testing, combines the normal beam and amplitude phase distribution data of darkroom testing, etc., and can calculate the beam pattern of multiple wave positions by using radar internal calibration testing, thereby greatly improving the testing efficiency. The method has obvious advantages in the aspect of beam antenna directional diagram test of the large-scale multi-beam phased array radar, and when the radar beam with less receiving and transmitting channels is tested, the calculation error is overlarge due to insufficient space sampling points; however, radar with only one transmit-receive channel (such as a mechanical scanning parabolic antenna radar) cannot adopt the method at all.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN113341238A entitled method for measuring antenna pattern by using solar radiation, which proposes a method for measuring antenna pattern by using solar radiation, the antenna pattern can be tested in an external field, which solves the problem of limitation in testing antenna pattern in a microwave darkroom, and the antenna pattern can be measured only by using the system itself to observe the solar radiation intensity under a sunny condition without using other testing instruments and meters and special testing environments. However, the method has obvious limitations, namely, the method can only utilize a high-sensitivity receiver to test the brightness temperature through solar radiation, obviously can only test a receiving beam pattern but cannot test a transmitting beam pattern, and when the size of the antenna aperture is not enough or the sensitivity of the receiver is not high enough, the method cannot be effectively utilized, namely, the method is not high in applicability.
Therefore, in the traditional far-field method for testing the directional diagram, the far-field conditions are different under the conditions of different antenna aperture sizes and different working frequencies, so that the receiving and transmitting antenna is required to be positioned at different physical positions, and the adaptability of the test platform is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antenna transmitting directional diagram, a receiving directional diagram and a beam directional diagram testing method, which aim to solve the problem that the transmitting directional diagram and the receiving directional diagram cannot be conveniently tested at low cost after a radar is erected in an external field.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering an electromagnetic wave signal from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the emission pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S11: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the direction and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector;
step S12: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S13: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line to enable the array surface of the radar antenna to be aligned with the reflector;
step S14: the radar transmits the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver while sequentially transmitting the electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams; set the frequency tof nThe electromagnetic wave signal to be measured has a wave beam with the sequence number mb m；
The auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal reflected by the reflector is locatedP tnmAnd an included angle between the normal of the radar antenna array surface and the step S12 connecting line, and transmitting the echo intensity to a radar; whereinP tnmIndicating a frequency off nThe wave beam isb mThe echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal of (a);
step S15: keeping the working state of the step S14, controlling a radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle and the pitch angle to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, and recording the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals, the beam sequence number of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
step S16: determining the azimuth angle and the pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequency, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S15;
step S17: and drawing a transmitting directional diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
Further, the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAnd withlThe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Further, the reflector is a metal ball, and the metal ball satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ris the radius of the metal ball, sigma is the reflection section area of the metal ball and is not sensitive to the radar working wavelength,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Further, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna is larger than the sum of the receiving sensitivity of the auxiliary transceiver, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
Further, the calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the auxiliary antenna is as follows:
P r1＝P t1*G t1*G r1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r1in order to assist the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the antenna,P t1in order to transmit power for the radar,G t1in order to be the transmission gain of the radar antenna,G r1in order to assist the reception gain of the antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
The invention also provides a method for testing the reception directivity of the antenna, wherein an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the receiving direction graph testing method comprises the following steps:
step S21: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the azimuth and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector;
step S22: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S23: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line to enable the array surface of the radar antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S24: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, and the auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams according to the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal; let the frequency received by the radar bef i The beam of the electromagnetic wave signal isb j ；
The radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal reflected by the reflector is locatedP rijAnd the included angle between the normal of the radar antenna array surface and the connecting line in the step S22; whereinP rijIndicating a frequency off i The wave beam isb j The echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal of (a);
step S25: keeping the working state of the step S24, controlling a radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle and the pitch angle to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, and recording the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals, the beam sequence number of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
step S26: determining the azimuth angle and the pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequency, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S25;
step S27: and drawing a receiving directional diagram according to the corresponding relation of the echo intensity and the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
Further, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is larger than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
Further, the calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the radar antenna is as follows:
P r2＝P t2*G t2*G r2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r2for the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the radar antenna,P t2in order to assist the transceiver in transmitting power,G t2in order to assist the transmission gain of the antenna,G r2in order to be the reception gain of the radar antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
The invention also provides an antenna beam directional pattern testing method, wherein an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the beam pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S31: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the azimuth and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector;
step S32: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S33: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line to enable the array surface of the radar antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S34: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, so that the radar and the auxiliary transceiver synchronously and cooperatively work;
the radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams, the auxiliary transceiver sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance library in which the signals transmitted by the radar and reflected by the reflector are located, and the radar sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signals transmitted by the auxiliary transceiver and reflected by the reflector are located;
step S35: keeping the working state of the step S34, controlling a radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle and the pitch angle to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, and recording the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals, the beam sequence number of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
step S36: determining an azimuth angle and a pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and an azimuth angle and a pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the radar based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles, the beam sequence numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals, and the echo intensities obtained in the step S35;
step S37: drawing a transmitting directional diagram according to the echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle; and drawing a receiving directional diagram according to the intensity of the echo received by the radar and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
Further, the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAndlthe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Preferably, the reflector is a metal ball, and the metal ball satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,ris the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the metal sphere,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional far-field method for directly measuring the directional diagram, the antenna transmitting directional diagram, receiving directional diagram and beam directional diagram testing method provided by the invention has the advantages that the directional diagram is indirectly tested by utilizing the power reflected by the measuring reflector, the radar antenna for transmitting electromagnetic waves and receiving backward scattering power and the auxiliary antenna are at the same physical position, the flexibility is high, and the cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an external field structure of a radar installation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples. These several specific embodiments may be combined with each other below, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
The antenna emission directional diagram test method provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly utilizes a radar system, an auxiliary antenna, an auxiliary transceiver and a reflector suspended in the air are additionally arranged to realize the test of an antenna directional diagram, the specific structural schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering (namely reflecting or refracting) electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector.
The radar is a radar of a transmitting or receiving directional pattern (or beam pattern) to be measured, and the radar can be a single-beam or multi-beam radar which only transmits, only receives or can transmit and receive. The radar is provided with a high-precision positioning device; the azimuth angle and/or the pitch angle of the radar antenna can be rotated under the action of the radar servo motor; the radar sends the electromagnetic wave signal and simultaneously sends the synchronous pulse signal and other control signals to the auxiliary transceiver so as to realize the synchronous cooperative work of the sending and the receiving of the two transceivers to test the beam pattern.
The reflector backscatters the electromagnetic wave signal from the auxiliary antenna to the radar antenna or backscatters the electromagnetic wave signal from the radar antenna to the auxiliary antenna; the reflector is provided with a high-precision positioning device.
The auxiliary antenna is used for transmitting an electromagnetic wave signal (as shown by a solid line in fig. 1) which is transmitted to the radar antenna through the reflector, or receiving an electromagnetic wave signal (as shown by a dotted line in fig. 1) which is transmitted by the radar antenna and passes through the reflector.
The auxiliary transceiver can synchronously generate a transmitting excitation signal and transmit the transmitting excitation signal to the auxiliary antenna for transmission when testing a radar receiving beam pattern according to a signal or an instruction sent by the radar; when a radar transmitting beam directional diagram is tested, signals transmitted by the radar and received by the auxiliary antenna and transmitted by the reflector are synchronously received and processed, the auxiliary transceiver can process electromagnetic wave signals received by the auxiliary antenna and then transmit the electromagnetic wave signals to the radar, and the radar can obtain the strength of the reflected signals received by the auxiliary antenna.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary transceiver is an analog transceiver or a digital transceiver, the analog transceiver processes the electromagnetic wave signal by low noise amplification, frequency conversion, filtering, and the like, and the digital transceiver processes the electromagnetic wave signal by low noise amplification, frequency conversion, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, and the like.
Based on the structure shown in fig. 1, the method for testing the antenna emission pattern comprises the following steps:
step S11: the reflector is suspended in the air, and the suspension position of the reflector meets the following conditions:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAndlthe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength. The reflector keeps the position and the reflection performance unchanged in the test process.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the scattering property of the reflector is in the optical zone, for example, the reflector is a metal sphere, and the metal sphere satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein the content of the first and second substances,rthe radius of the metal ball is, and sigma is the reflection section area of the metal ball, and sigma is not sensitive to the radar working wavelength when the relation is satisfied.
Step S12: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, the direction and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector, and the strength of the backward scattering echo received by the auxiliary transceiver is strongest at the moment.
When the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the center of the reflector, the intensity of the backward scattering echo received by the auxiliary transceiver is strongest, the influence of clutter such as auxiliary lobes of the auxiliary antenna, ground objects and the like is avoided, the test accuracy is improved, at the moment, the main lobe of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector, and the orientation and the position of the auxiliary antenna are kept unchanged in the subsequent steps.
The aperture size of the auxiliary antenna is such that its main beam width is larger than the pattern angular resolution, e.g. the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna is such that its main beam width is larger than 10 times (or larger) the pattern angular resolution. When the gain error allowed by the pattern is, for example, 0.3dB, the corresponding beam width should be limited to 0.3 dB.
In transmission calibration, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are both aligned with the reflector) is greater than the sum of the receiving sensitivity of the auxiliary transceiver, the absolute value of the maximum sidelobe suppression of the radar antenna, and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the auxiliary antenna is as follows:
P r1＝P t1*G t1*G r1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r1in order to assist the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the antenna,P t1in order to transmit power for the radar,G t1in order to be the transmission gain of the radar antenna,G r1in order to assist the reception gain of the antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Step S13: and acquiring the geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information.
The radar and the reflector are provided with positioning devices, the longitude and latitude and the height information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude and the height information of the radar can be obtained through the positioning devices, and the azimuth angle phi of a connecting line between the reflector and a radar antenna can be calculated according to the longitude and latitude and the height information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude and the height information of the radar0And a pitch angle theta0。
Step S14: and adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector.
Step S15: the radar transmits the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver while sequentially transmitting the electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different beams so as to realize synchronous cooperative work of the two; the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted to the reflector, reflected or refracted by the reflector and transmitted back to the auxiliary antenna, and the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal reflected by the reflector is locatedP tnm(i.e. the electromagnetic wave power corresponding to the located range bin) And the included angle between the normal of the radar antenna array surface and the connecting line in the step S13, and transmitting the echo strength to the radar.
The radar transmits in sequence at a frequency off n(n =1,2,3, …), and the pulse electromagnetic wave signal of each frequency can independently set the beam to be testedb m（m=1,2,3,…）；P tnmRepresents the nth frequencyf nMth beamb mThe echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal of (1).
Step S16: keeping the working state of the step S15, and controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle (-phi) to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as the centertmax，+φtmax) And angle of pitch (— θ)tmax，+θtmax) Recording the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, that is, (f n，b m，P tnm，φt，θt）。
Step S17: based on the step S16, the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, the beam numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals, and the echo intensities that are required to be tested can be obtained, and the maximum echo intensity is determinedP t0Corresponding azimuth angle phit0And a pitch angle thetat0。
Step S18: according to the echo intensityP tmnAnd an azimuth angle phitAnd a pitch angle thetatAnd drawing a transmitting directional diagram according to the corresponding relation.
Maximum echo intensityP t0Corresponding azimuth angle phit0And a pitch angle thetat0I.e. pointing the transmitted beam, the beam is steered using matlab or other mapping softwareb mFrequency off nTest results of (A), (B)P tnm，φt，θt) Is plotted to obtain the working frequency off n、b mAnd (4) a beam emission directional diagram, namely drawing a normalized radar antenna emission beam three-dimensional directional diagram.
According to the antenna reception directional diagram test method provided by the embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar erection, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with a radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector, as shown in fig. 1. The receiving direction graph testing method comprises the following steps:
step S21: the reflector is suspended in the air, and the suspension position of the reflector meets the following conditions:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAndlthe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength. The reflector keeps the position and the reflection performance unchanged in the test process.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the scattering property of the reflector is in the optical zone, for example, the reflector is a metal sphere, and the metal sphere satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,rthe radius of the metal ball is, and sigma is the reflection section area of the metal ball, and sigma is not sensitive to the radar working wavelength when the relation is satisfied.
Step S22: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, the direction and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector, and the strength of the backward scattering echo received by the auxiliary transceiver is strongest at the moment.
In the receiving calibration, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are both aligned to the reflector) is larger than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the radar antenna is as follows:
P r2＝P t2*G t2*G r2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r2for the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the radar antenna,P t2in order to assist the transceiver in transmitting power,G t2in order to assist the transmission gain of the antenna,G r2in order to be the reception gain of the radar antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Step S23: and acquiring the geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information.
The radar and the reflector are provided with positioning devices, the longitude and latitude and the height information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude and the height information of the radar can be obtained through the positioning devices, and the azimuth angle phi of a connecting line between the reflector and a radar antenna can be calculated according to the longitude and latitude and the height information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude and the height information of the radar0And a pitch angle theta0。
Step S24: and adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector.
Step S25: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver to realize synchronous cooperative work of the two; the auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams according to the synchronous pulse signals and the trigger signals; electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted to the reflector and then are back-scattered to the radar antenna, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signals reflected by the reflector are locatedP rijAnd the included angle between the normal of the radar antenna array surface and the connecting line in the step S24.
The auxiliary transceiver transmits in sequence at a frequency off i Pulse of (i =1,2,3, …)The electromagnetic wave signals of each frequency can be independently set to be testedb j （j=1,2,3,…）；P rijRepresents the ith frequencyf i Jth wave beamb j The echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal of (1).
Step S26: keeping the working state of the step S25, and controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle (-phi) to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as the centerrmax，+φrmax) And angle of pitch (— θ)rmax，+θrmax) Recording the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, that is, (f i ，b j ，P rij，φr，θr）。
Step S27: based on the step S26, the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, the beam numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals, and the echo intensities that are required to be tested can be obtained, and the maximum echo intensity is determinedP r0Corresponding azimuth angle phir0And a pitch angle thetar0。
Step S28: according to the echo intensityP rijAnd an azimuth angle phirAnd a pitch angle thetarAnd drawing a receiving directional diagram according to the corresponding relation.
Maximum echo intensityP r0Corresponding azimuth angle phir0And a pitch angle thetar0I.e. to direct the received beam, the beam is steered using matlab or other mapping softwareb j Frequency off i Test results of (A), (B)P rij，φr，θr) Is plotted to obtain the working frequency off i 、b j And (4) a beam receiving directional diagram, namely drawing a normalized radar antenna receiving beam three-dimensional directional diagram.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna beam directional pattern testing method, wherein an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar erection, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector, as shown in figure 1. The antenna beam pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S31: the reflector is suspended in the air, and the suspension position of the reflector meets the following conditions:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAndlthe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength. The reflector keeps the position and the reflection performance unchanged in the test process.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the scattering property of the reflector is in the optical zone, for example, the reflector is a metal sphere, and the metal sphere satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein the content of the first and second substances,rthe radius of the metal ball is, sigma is the reflection section area of the metal ball, and sigma is not sensitive to the radar working wavelength when the condition is met.
Step S32: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the direction and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is opposite to the reflector.
In transmission calibration, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the auxiliary antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are both aligned with the reflector) is greater than the sum of the receiving sensitivity of the auxiliary transceiver, the absolute value of the maximum sidelobe suppression of the radar antenna, and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the auxiliary antenna is as follows:
P r1＝P t1*G t1*G r1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r1in order to assist the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the antenna,P t1in order to transmit power for the radar,G t1in order to be the transmission gain of the radar antenna,G r1in order to assist the reception gain of the antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
In the receiving calibration, the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna (when the radar antenna and the auxiliary antenna are both aligned to the reflector) is larger than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the maximum side lobe suppression absolute value of the radar antenna and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the radar antenna is as follows:
P r2＝P t2*G t2*G r2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r2for the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the radar antenna,P t2in order to assist the transceiver in transmitting power,G t2in order to assist the transmission gain of the antenna,G r2in order to be the reception gain of the radar antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
Step S33: and acquiring the geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information.
The radar and the reflector are provided with positioning devices, the longitude and latitude and the height information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude and the height information of the radar can be obtained through the positioning devices, and the azimuth angle phi of a connecting line between the reflector and a radar antenna can be calculated according to the longitude and latitude and the height information of the reflector and the longitude and latitude and the height information of the radar0And pitchAngle theta0。
Step S34: and adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line, so that the array surface of the radar antenna is aligned to the reflector.
Step S35: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, so that the radar and the auxiliary transceiver synchronously and cooperatively work; the radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams, the auxiliary transceiver sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signals transmitted by the radar and reflected by the reflector are located, and the radar sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signals transmitted by the auxiliary transceiver and reflected by the reflector are located.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the alternating transceiving of electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies and different beams by the radar and the auxiliary transceiver means: the radar transmitting frequency isf 1The wave beam isb 1The electromagnetic wave signal is back-scattered to the auxiliary antenna after passing through the reflector, and the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal is positionedP t11(ii) a Auxiliary transceiver transmitting frequency off 1The wave beam isb 1The electromagnetic wave signal is back-scattered to a radar antenna after passing through a reflector, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance library in which the signal is positionedP r11. Radar transmission frequency off 2The wave beam isb 2The electromagnetic wave signal is back-scattered to the auxiliary antenna after passing through the reflector, and the auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal is positionedP t22(ii) a Auxiliary transceiver transmitting frequency off 2The wave beam isb 2The electromagnetic wave signal is back-scattered to a radar antenna after passing through a reflector, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance library in which the signal is positionedP r22. Radar transmission frequency off 3The wave beam isb 3The electromagnetic wave signal is scattered to the auxiliary antenna after passing through the reflector, and the auxiliary transceiver receives and measuresAnd recording the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal is locatedP t33(ii) a Auxiliary transceiver transmitting frequency off 3The wave beam isb 3The electromagnetic wave signal is back-scattered to a radar antenna after passing through a reflector, and the radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance library in which the signal is positionedP r33. The electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted in turn in this way, and the simultaneous test of the transmitting directional diagram and the receiving directional diagram is realized.
Step S36: keeping the working state of the step S35, and controlling the radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle (-phi) to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as the centermax，+φmax) And angle of pitch (— θ)max，+θmax) Recording the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles, that is, (f n，b m，P tnm，P rnm，φ，θ）。
Step S37: based on the step S36, the frequencies of the electromagnetic wave signals corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles to be tested, the beam numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals, and the echo intensities can be obtained, and the maximum echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver is determinedP t0Corresponding azimuth angle phit0And a pitch angle thetat0And maximum echo intensity received by the radarP r0Corresponding azimuth angle phir0And a pitch angle thetar0；
Step S38: based on the strength of the echoes received by the auxiliary transceiverP tnmDrawing a transmitting directional diagram according to the corresponding relation of the azimuth angle phi and the pitch angle theta; according to the intensity of the echo received by the radarP rnmAnd drawing a receiving directional diagram according to the corresponding relation of the azimuth angle phi and the pitch angle theta.
The above disclosure is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present disclosure may be easily conceived by those skilled in the art and shall be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The antenna emission directional diagram testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with a radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the emission pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S11: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the azimuth and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector;
step S12: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S13: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line to enable the array surface of the radar antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S14: the radar transmits the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver while sequentially transmitting the electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams; set the frequency tof nThe electromagnetic wave signal to be measured has a wave beam with the sequence number mb m；
The auxiliary transceiver receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal reflected by the reflector is locatedP tnmAnd an included angle between the normal of the radar antenna array surface and the step S12 connecting line, and transmitting the echo intensity to a radar; whereinP tnmIndicating a frequency off nThe wave beam isb mThe echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal of (a);
step S15: keeping the working state of the step S14, controlling a radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle and the pitch angle to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, and recording the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals, the beam sequence number of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
step S16: determining the azimuth angle and the pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequency, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S15;
step S17: and drawing a transmitting directional diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
2. The antenna transmission pattern testing method of claim 1, wherein the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAnd withlThe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reflector is a metal ball, and the metal ball satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ris the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the metal sphere,λis the radar operating wavelength.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the maximum electromagnetic power received by the auxiliary antenna is greater than the sum of the auxiliary transceiver receive sensitivity, the absolute maximum sidelobe suppression for the radar antenna, and the system loss between the auxiliary antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
5. The method for testing the antenna emission pattern according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the auxiliary antenna is as follows:
P r1＝P t1*G t1*G r1*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,P r1in order to assist the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the antenna,P t1in order to transmit power for the radar,G t1in order to be the transmission gain of the radar antenna,G r1in order to assist the reception gain of the antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
6. The antenna reception directional diagram testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with a radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the receiving direction graph testing method comprises the following steps:
step S21: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the direction and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector;
step S22: acquiring geographic position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographic position information;
step S23: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line to enable the array surface of the radar antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S24: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, and the auxiliary transceiver sequentially transmits electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams according to the synchronous pulse signal and the trigger signal; provided with radarReceived at a frequency off i Of electromagnetic wave signals ofb j ；
The radar receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signal reflected by the reflector is locatedP rijAnd the included angle between the normal of the radar antenna array surface and the connecting line in the step S22; whereinP rijIndicating a frequency off i The wave beam isb j The echo intensity corresponding to the electromagnetic wave signal of (a);
step S25: keeping the working state of the step S24, controlling a radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle and the pitch angle to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, and recording the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals, the beam sequence number of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
step S26: determining the azimuth angle and the pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequency, the beam number of the electromagnetic wave signal and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained in the step S25;
step S27: and drawing a receiving directional diagram according to the echo intensity and the corresponding relation of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
7. The antenna reception pattern testing method of claim 6, wherein the maximum electromagnetic wave power received by the radar antenna is greater than the sum of the radar sensitivity, the absolute value of the maximum sidelobe suppression of the radar antenna, and the system loss between the radar antenna and the auxiliary transceiver.
8. The antenna reception pattern test method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the calculation formula of the power of the electromagnetic wave received by the radar antenna is:
P r2＝P t2*G t2*G r2*σ*λ2/(4π)3*R 4
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P r2for the power of the electromagnetic waves received by the radar antenna,P t2in order to assist the transceiver in transmitting power,G t2in order to assist the transmission gain of the antenna,G r2in order to be the reception gain of the radar antenna,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the reflector,λis the radar operating wavelength.
9. The antenna beam pattern testing method is characterized in that an auxiliary transceiver, an auxiliary antenna and a reflector are arranged in an external field of a radar frame, the auxiliary transceiver is respectively connected with the radar and the auxiliary antenna, the reflector is suspended in the air and used for backscattering electromagnetic wave signals from the auxiliary antenna or the radar antenna to the radar antenna or the auxiliary antenna, and a positioning device is arranged on the reflector; the beam pattern testing method comprises the following steps:
step S31: the auxiliary transceiver is in a pulse transceiving working state, and the azimuth and the pitching direction of the auxiliary antenna are adjusted, so that the main beam of the auxiliary antenna is aligned to the reflector;
step S32: acquiring geographical position information of the reflector and the radar, and calculating an azimuth angle and a pitch angle of a connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna according to the geographical position information;
step S33: adjusting the radar antenna according to the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the connecting line to enable the array surface of the radar antenna to be aligned to the reflector;
step S34: the radar sends a synchronous pulse signal and a trigger signal to the auxiliary transceiver, so that the radar and the auxiliary transceiver synchronously and cooperatively work;
the radar and the auxiliary transceiver alternately receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies and different wave beams, the auxiliary transceiver sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of a distance library in which the signals transmitted by the radar and reflected by the reflector are located, and the radar sequentially receives, measures and records the echo intensity of the distance library in which the signals transmitted by the auxiliary transceiver and reflected by the reflector are located;
step S35: keeping the working state of the step S34, controlling a radar servo motor to rotate and traverse the azimuth angle and the pitch angle to be tested by taking the connecting line between the reflector and the radar antenna as a center, and recording the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals, the beam sequence number of the electromagnetic wave signals and the echo intensity corresponding to different azimuth angles and pitch angles;
step S36: determining an azimuth angle and a pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and an azimuth angle and a pitch angle corresponding to the maximum echo intensity received by the radar based on the electromagnetic wave signal frequencies corresponding to the different azimuth angles and pitch angles, the beam sequence numbers of the electromagnetic wave signals, and the echo intensities obtained in the step S35;
step S37: drawing a transmitting directional diagram according to the echo intensity received by the auxiliary transceiver and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle; and drawing a receiving directional diagram according to the intensity of the echo received by the radar and the corresponding relation between the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
10. The antenna beam pattern testing method of claim 9, wherein the position of the reflector satisfies the following condition:
R≥2D 2/λ
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Ris the distance between the reflector and the radar antenna or the distance between the reflector and the auxiliary antenna,Dis composed ofdAndlthe sum of the total weight of the components,dthe larger of the aperture size of the radar antenna and the aperture size of the auxiliary antenna,lto assist the spacing of the antenna from the center of the radar antenna array,λis the radar operating wavelength;
preferably, the reflector is a metal ball, and the metal ball satisfies the following condition:
2πr/λ≥20，σ＝2πr
wherein the content of the first and second substances,ris the radius of the metal sphere, sigma is the reflection cross-sectional area of the metal sphere,λis the radar operating wavelength.
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| CN116879857A (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-10-13 | 成都远望科技有限责任公司 | Far-field target and radar central beam alignment method |
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| CN116879857A (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-10-13 | 成都远望科技有限责任公司 | Far-field target and radar central beam alignment method |
| CN116879857B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-11-17 | 成都远望科技有限责任公司 | Far-field target and radar central beam alignment method |
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