CN114618529A - 磁性石墨烯基光催化剂GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化技术领域,具体涉及磁性石墨烯基光催化剂GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
水环境中的PAHs由于具有高毒性和致癌性,已对人类的健康造成了严重威胁。而在处理PAHs废水的方法中,光催化降解PAHs因其操作简单,成本低、无二次污染等优点而受到广泛关注。其中TiO2光催化剂因其低成本、无毒性和高活性而受到广泛关注。
但是,TiO2由于是宽带隙半导体,只能吸收紫外光(占太阳光的5%),不能有效地利用可见光(占太阳光的45%)。因此,迫切需要开发对可见光有响应的高效光催化剂。而CdS半导体由于其合适的带隙使其可吸收可见光。然而,其光生电子空穴容易复合和易发生光腐蚀的问题限制了其应用。
近年来,通过将石墨烯与CdS耦合可以有效地缓解上述发生的问题。这主要是因为石墨烯具有优异的电子导电性、独特的二维表面和体积比和化学稳定性,可使得CdS中的光生电子可以转移到石墨烯上,从而促进电子空穴的分离,进而有效地缓解CdS发生光腐蚀的问题。而进一步在实际应用光催化剂降解PAHs的过程中,发现催化剂存在难以回收的问题,将光催化剂与Fe3O4复合可以很方便地实现光催化剂的回收再利用。到目前为止,关于复合光催化剂GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的报道非常少。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种可磁性可分离的GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种磁性可分离的GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂降解菲和芘的应用。
为达到上述第一个目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
磁性可分离GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂的制备方法如下:
(1)Fe3O4的制备:将一定量的FeCl3溶于100mL乙二醇中,使其完全溶解后,再加入一定量的柠檬酸钠和醋酸钠混合;然后将混合液转移至反应釜中,在180-200℃下保持10-12h;将得到的黑色产物在磁场中进行分离洗涤并干燥后,得到磁性Fe3O4。
(2)Fe3O4@SiO2的制备:将一定量步骤(1)得到的Fe3O4超声分散于乙醇溶液中;接着量取一定量的水、乙醇和浓氨水加入到上述溶液中;然后将一定量的正硅酸四乙酯滴加进混合溶液中,并搅拌10-12h;最后将磁选得到的Fe3O4@SiO2产物洗涤干燥;其中乙醇和水的体积比为4:1。
(3)Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将一定量步骤(2)得到的Fe3O4@SiO2超声分散于水溶液中,再分别滴加一定浓度的柠檬酸钠水溶液和氯化镉水溶液,并搅拌1-2h;随后再分别滴加一定量的的氨水和硫脲水溶液,并加热至60-80℃,并搅拌3-5h;最后磁选分离得到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS;其中柠檬酸钠水溶液和氯化镉水溶液的浓度比为1:1;氨水和硫脲水溶液的体积比为1:1。
(4)GO的制备:将一定量的石墨和硝酸钠超生分散到浓硫酸中;接着在冰浴环境下缓慢加入一定量的高锰酸钾,并搅拌10-12h;然后滴加一定量的蒸馏水并在40-50℃下继续搅拌10-12h;随后在35℃下继续搅拌20-24h,并缓慢加入一定量的H2O2,继续搅拌1-3h;最后分别用5%HCl溶液、乙醇和水依次洗涤,直至上清液的pH值变为中性,得到GO。
(5)GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将一定量步骤(4)得到GO超声分散于乙醇-水的混合溶液中;然后,在GO分散液中加入一定量步骤(3)得到的Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS;随后待混合液搅拌1-2h后,将其转移到反应釜中,在100-120℃下反应20-24h;最后磁选收集得到GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS;其中乙醇和水的体积比为2:1。
为达到上述第二个目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
(1)配置0.1mg/L的菲和芘溶液。
(2)将GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂加入到装有菲或芘溶液的反应器中,先在黑暗环境中吸附30-100min以达到吸附平衡,然后用150W的模拟太阳光照射反应器,在相应的时间间隔下取样并进行荧光测试计算菲或芘的浓度。
有益效果
(1)利用GO修饰Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS可以抑制光生电子-空穴对的快速复合,并且有利于缓解CdS发生光腐蚀,进而提高光催化剂的稳定性。
(2)利用磁铁来分离光催化剂,使其可以被快速回收,从而有效地避免其给环境带来的二次污染。
(3)将本发明的GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂应用在分别降解含菲和芘的废水时,其可达到86%和93%的去除率。
附图说明
图1为GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的扫描电子显微镜图;
图2为Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS和GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的光电流图;
图3为Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS和GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的交流阻抗图;
图4为Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS和GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS降解菲的效果图;
图5为是Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS和GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS降解芘的效果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明的技术方案做任何形式的限定。
实施例1:GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂的制备
(1)Fe3O4的制备:首先将3.25g FeCl3溶于100mL乙二醇中,使其完全溶解后,再加入1.2g柠檬酸钠,搅拌15min;然后加入6g醋酸钠,在80℃下连续搅拌1h后将混合物转移到150ml的聚四氟乙烯不锈钢高压釜中,在190℃反应11h后,得到Fe3O4产物。
(2)Fe3O4@SiO2的制备:将步骤(1)得到的Fe3O4(3.0mL,0.05g/mL)乙醇分散液超声分散于140mL乙醇、35mL H2O和4ml浓氨水溶液中,再超声15min后将4.0ml的正硅酸四乙酯在16min内滴加进溶液中,在室温下连续机械搅拌11h后,得到Fe3O4@SiO2。
(3)Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将步骤(2)得到的300mg Fe3O4@SiO2分散于200ml的H2O中并超声15min,再缓慢地滴加1ml的2mol/l的柠檬酸钠水溶液和1ml的2mol/l的氯化镉水溶液,机械搅拌1h。随后在分别滴加4ml的氨水和4ml的1mol/l的硫脲水溶液。并在70℃下搅拌5h后,待其自然冷却后,得到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
(4)GO的制备:将2.0g石墨、1.2g硝酸钠和60mL浓H2SO4滴加到250mL圆底烧瓶中。并将所得混合物进一步超声处理30min,然后将烧瓶置于冰水浴中搅拌30min。随后,缓慢加入4.4g高锰酸钾,在冰浴环境下连续搅拌10h。然后,滴加72mL蒸馏水并在反应温度为50℃下继续搅拌10h。将反应温度改为35℃,再搅拌22h。缓慢加入22mL H2O2,将混合物搅拌3h。最后用5%HCl溶液、乙醇和水依次洗涤,直至上清液的pH值变为中性,得到GO。
(5)GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将步骤(4)得到的5mg GO在超声作用下分散于100ml乙醇/水(2:1v/v)溶液中超声1h。然后,在GO分散液中加入步骤(3)得到的0.5g Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS,再超声30min。随后在室温下将上述混合液搅拌2h形成均匀悬浮液,将其转移到150ml的不锈钢高压釜中,在120℃下反应24h后,得到GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
实施例2:GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂的制备
(1)Fe3O4的制备:首先将3.25g FeCl3溶于100mL乙二醇中,使其完全溶解后,再加入1.2g柠檬酸钠,搅拌15min;然后加入6g醋酸钠,在80℃下连续搅拌1h后将混合物转移到150ml的聚四氟乙烯不锈钢高压釜中,在200℃反应12h后,得到Fe3O4产物。
(2)Fe3O4@SiO2的制备:将步骤(1)得到的Fe3O4(3.0mL,0.05g/mL)乙醇分散液超声分散于280mL乙醇、70mL H2O和4ml浓氨水溶液中,再超声15min后将4.0ml的正硅酸四乙酯在16min内滴加进溶液中,在室温下连续机械搅拌12h后,得到Fe3O4@SiO2。
(3)Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将步骤(2)得到的300mg Fe3O4@SiO2分散于200ml的H2O中并超声15min,再缓慢地滴加1ml的2mol/l的柠檬酸钠水溶液和1ml的2mol/l的氯化镉水溶液,机械搅拌1h。随后在分别滴加4ml的氨水和4ml的1mol/l的硫脲水溶液并在60℃下搅拌5h后,待其自然冷却后,得到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
(4)GO的制备:将2.0g石墨、1.2g硝酸钠和60mL浓H2SO4滴加到250mL圆底烧瓶中。并将所得混合物进一步超声处理30min,然后将烧瓶置于冰水浴中搅拌30min。随后,缓慢加入6.6g高锰酸钾,在冰浴环境下连续搅拌12h。然后,滴加72mL蒸馏水并在反应温度为50℃下继续搅拌11h。将反应温度改为35℃,再搅拌23h。缓慢加入22mL H2O2,将混合物搅拌3h。最后用5%HCl溶液、乙醇和水依次洗涤,直至上清液的pH值变为中性,得到GO。
(5)GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将步骤(3)得到的5mg GO在超声作用下分散于120ml乙醇/水(2:1v/v)溶液中超声1h。然后,在GO分散液中加入步骤(3)得到的0.5g Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS,再超声30min。随后在室温下将上述混合液搅拌2h形成均匀悬浮液,将其转移到150ml的不锈钢高压釜中,在120℃下反应22h后,得到GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
实施例3:GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂的制备
(1)Fe3O4的制备:首先将3.25g FeCl3溶于100mL乙二醇中,使其完全溶解后,再加入1.2g柠檬酸钠,搅拌15min;然后加入6g醋酸钠,在80℃下连续搅拌1h后将混合物转移到150ml的聚四氟乙烯不锈钢高压釜中,在180℃反应12h后,得到Fe3O4产物。
(2)Fe3O4@SiO2的制备:将步骤(1)得到的Fe3O4(3.0mL,0.05g/mL)乙醇分散液超声分散于80mL乙醇、20mL H2O和4ml浓氨水溶液中,再超声15min后将4.0ml的正硅酸四乙酯在16min内滴加进溶液中,在室温下连续机械搅拌11h后,得到Fe3O4@SiO2。
(3)Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将步骤(2)得到300mg的Fe3O4@SiO2分散于200ml的H2O中并超声15min,再缓慢地滴加1ml的2mol/l的柠檬酸钠水溶液和1ml的2mol/l的氯化镉水溶液,机械搅拌1h。随后在分别滴加4ml的氨水和4ml的1mol/l的硫脲水溶液并在75℃下搅拌4h后,待其自然冷却后,得到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
(4)GO的制备:将2.0g石墨、1.2g硝酸钠和60mL浓H2SO4滴加到250mL圆底烧瓶中。并将所得混合物进一步超声处理30min,然后将烧瓶置于冰水浴中搅拌30min。随后,缓慢加入3.3g高锰酸钾,在冰浴环境下连续搅拌10h。然后,滴加72mL蒸馏水并在反应温度为50℃下继续搅拌10h。将反应温度改为35℃,再搅拌22h。缓慢加入22mL H2O2,将混合物搅拌3h。最后用5%HCl溶液、乙醇和水依次洗涤,直至上清液的pH值变为中性,得到GO。
(5)GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备:将步骤(4)得到5mg GO在超声作用下分散于90ml乙醇/水(2:1v/v)溶液中超声1h。然后,在GO分散液中加入0.5g步骤(3)得到的Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS,再超声30min。随后在室温下将上述混合液搅拌2h形成均匀悬浮液,将其转移到150ml的不锈钢高压釜中,在120℃下反应23h后,得到GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
本发明以实施例1~3所制备的GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS复合物进行光催化降解有机污染物实验。
GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS在光催化降解含菲和芘的废水中的应用,步骤如下:
(1)配置0.1mg/L的菲和芘溶液。
(2)将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3得到的GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS光催化剂加入到装有菲或芘溶液的反应器中,先在黑暗环境中吸附30-100min以达到吸附平衡,然后用150W的模拟太阳光照射反应器,在相应的时间间隔下取样并进行荧光测试计算菲或芘的浓度。
GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的微观形貌通过扫描电镜结果得到,如图1所示,可以看到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS纳米球负载在GO的片层上。
另外,GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的光电化学性质如图2和图3所示,结果表明GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的电子-空穴分离效率比纯Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS强。
同时,在模拟太阳光照射下菲和芘的光催化降解情况如图4和图5所示,GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS能降解更多的菲和芘,说明GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的光催化性能比Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS强。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种磁性石墨烯基光催化剂GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在磁性Fe3O4上负载SiO2壳层,得到Fe3O4@SiO2纳米球;
(2)在Fe3O4@SiO2的纳米球上负载CdS的小颗粒,得到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS;
(3)将氧化石墨烯和Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS共同超声分散于乙醇-水的混合溶液,采用水热法制备得到GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS复合光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述磁性Fe3O4的制备方法,包括:将FeCl3溶于乙二醇中,再与柠檬酸钠和醋酸钠混合;在180-200℃下保持10-12h;将得到的黑色产物在磁场中进行分离洗涤并干燥后,得到磁性Fe3O4。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述负载包括:将所述磁性Fe3O4超声分散于乙醇溶液中,再与水、乙醇、浓氨水和正硅酸四乙酯进行混合搅拌10-12h,在磁场中进行分离,得到Fe3O4@SiO2纳米球。
4.根据权利要求3所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合搅拌时,乙醇和水的体积比为4:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述负载,包括:将Fe3O4@SiO2超声分散于水溶液中,再与柠檬酸钠水溶液和氯化镉水溶液混合搅拌1-2h;随后再分别滴加氨水和硫脲水溶液,并加热至60-80℃,搅拌3-5h;最后磁选分离得到Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
6.根据权利要求5所述制备方法,其特征在于,柠檬酸钠水溶液和氯化镉水溶液的浓度比为1:1;氨水和硫脲水溶液的体积比为1:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述水热法的温度为100-120℃,反应时间为20~24h。
8.根据权利要求1所述制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)乙醇-水的混合溶液中乙醇和水的体积比为2:1。
9.利用权利要求1~8任一项所述制备方法制备得到的磁性石墨烯基光催化剂GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS。
10.权利要求9所述磁性石墨烯基光催化剂GO-Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS在降解废水中菲和芘中的应用。
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