CN114617940A - 一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药组合物和由该中药组合物制备的预防新冠病毒肺炎的药物及药物制备方法,属于中医药技术领域。该中药组合物包括以下组分:黄芪、黄芩片、北柴胡、防风、桑叶、芦根、板蓝根、桔梗、薄荷、连翘、白术、茯苓、甘草片。本发明的中药方具有扶正除疫、疏风润燥、清热解毒功效,且具有君臣佐使俱全、配伍严谨、相辅相成的优点;临床效果观察表明本发明中药组合物具有显著的降低新冠病毒感染、预防新冠病毒肺炎作用。而且本发明的中药复方可制备成多种剂型,方便使用,本发明提供的药物制备工艺设计合理、绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医药技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种用于预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药组合物,和由该中药组合物制备的药物及药物的制备方法。
背景技术
新型冠状病毒肺炎,世界卫生组织将其命名为“2019冠状病毒病”(新冠肺炎,COVID-19),是指 2019 新型冠状病毒感染导致的肺炎,病原体是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2),它是一种新发的急性呼吸道传染性疾病,具有人传人的能力且传染性极强,传播途径主要分为直接传播、气溶胶传播和接触传播。新型冠状病毒肺炎以发热、干咳、乏力等为主要表现,少数患者伴有鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等上呼吸道和消化道症状,重症病例多在1周后出现呼吸困难,严重者快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓毒症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和出凝血功能障碍及多器官功能衰竭等。因此,对于新冠病毒感染肺炎的疫病预防显得尤为重要。
在我国几千年的抗疫防疫实践中,已经积累了丰富的中医药临床经验,形成了独特有效的应对传染病的常态化预防和理论治疗体系。疫病四季皆可发生,但多发生初春与秋末,依据四时主气,可见肺卫、脾胃等证。如《素问·本病论》中“四时不节,即生大疫”所述,不同季节气候,易受不同瘟疫侵袭。从中医的角度来看,此次新冠肺炎疫情,应为湿邪侵袭导致的病情变化。考究其病因病机,可为湿、寒、毒等邪气从口鼻而入,侵袭犯肺,进而脾胃受邪,气机升降失司,导致脾失健运、肺失宣降,进而湿毒日久化热,阳明腑实,湿毒郁热内闭而发病。
新冠肺炎患者临床表现以发热、干咳、乏力为主,部分患者首发症状为嗅觉、味觉减退或丧失,少数患者伴有流涕、咽痛、鼻塞、结膜炎、肌痛和腹泻等症状。上述症状均与中医疫病的机理相对应,表现为潜伏期长、症状多样,并波及脾、肺、肾、心、肝等多个脏器。参考《黄帝内经》确立的“正气存内,邪不可干,避其毒气”的基本原则,中医以解表散寒、扶正祛邪、益气养阴、宣肺透邪为法进行防治,中医药结合病因病机的治疗优势不断彰显。比如连花清瘟方和202010097653.1公布的防治新冠肺炎的中药方。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种新的能够有效预防新冠病毒感染的中药组合物,所采取的技术方案如下:
本发明提供的中药组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:黄芪2-5份、黄芩片1-4份、北柴胡2-5份、防风2-5份、桑叶2-5份、芦根2-5份、板蓝根2-5份、桔梗1-4份、薄荷1-4份、连翘1-4份、白术2-5份、茯苓2-5份、甘草片1-4份。
优选地,该中药组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:黄芪2-3份、黄芩片2-4份、北柴胡2-3份、防风2-3份、桑叶2-3份、芦根2-3份、板蓝根2-3份、桔梗2-4份、薄荷2-4份、连翘2-4份、白术2-3份、茯苓2-3份、甘草片2-4份。
更优选地,中药组合物包括如下重量份数的原料:黄芪3份、黄芩片2份、北柴胡3份、防风3份、桑叶3份、芦根3份、板蓝根3份、桔梗2份、薄荷2份、连翘2份、白术3份、茯苓3份、甘草片2份。
本发明的另一目是提供上述中药组合物在制备预防新冠病毒肺炎药物中的应用。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的药物。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述药物的制备方法,该制备方法的步骤如下:
S1.浸泡:将除薄荷外的方药投入容器内,加水,浸泡;
S2.一煎:用武火将浸泡后的药材煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火煎煮,投入薄荷继续煎煮,过滤得滤液;
S3.二煎:往一煎的药渣中加水,用武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火继续煎煮,过滤得滤液;
S4.混合:将一煎、二煎得到的滤液混合均匀,即得药液。
优选地,所用水为符合国家卫生标准的饮用水。
优选地,步骤S2中转为文火煎煮10-20分钟(优选15分钟)。
优选地,步骤S2中投入薄荷后继续煎煮3-8分钟(优选5分钟)。
优选地,步骤S3中文火继续煎煮10-20分钟(优选15分钟)。
本申请发明人认为脾胃失运、湿毒郁肺之证为新冠肺炎早、中期的主要病机,为此设立此方(命名为:疫毒清)辨证预防新冠病毒感染,针对新冠病毒肺炎的病因病机特点,用以预防新冠病毒肺炎早中期脾胃失运、湿毒郁肺之证。
本发明中黄芪为豆科植物蒙古黄芪Astragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao或膜荚黄芪Astragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖,除去须根和根头,晒干。其功能主治为:补气升阳,固表止汗,利水消肿,生津养血,行滞通痹,托毒排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,半身不遂,痹痛麻木,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛。
黄芩为唇形科植物黄芩ScutellariabaicalensisGeorgi的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖,除去须根和泥沙,晒后撞去粗皮,晒干。功能与主治:清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎。用于湿温、暑湿,胸闷呕恶,湿热痞满,泻痢,黄疸,肺热咳嗽,高热烦渴,血热吐衄,痈肿疮毒,胎动不安。
柴胡为伞形科植物柴胡Bupleurumchinense DC.或狭叶柴胡BupleurumscorzonerifoliumWilld.的干燥根。按性状不同,分别习称“北柴胡”和“南柴胡”。春、秋二季采挖,除去茎叶和泥沙,干燥。功能与主治:疏散退热,疏肝解郁,升举阳气。用于感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,月经不调,子宫脱垂,脱肛。
防风为伞形科植物防风Saposhnikoviadivaricata(Turcz.)Schischk.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖未抽花茎植株的根,除去须根和泥沙,晒干。功能与主治:祛风解表,胜湿止痛,止痉。用于感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风疹瘙痒,破伤风。
桑叶为桑科植物桑MorusalbaL.的干燥叶。初霜后采收,除去杂质,晒干。功能与主治:疏散风热,清肺润燥,清肝明目。用于风热感冒,肺热燥咳,头晕头痛,目赤昏花。
芦根为禾本科植物芦苇PhragmitescommunisTrin.的新鲜或干燥根茎。全年均可采挖,除去芽、须根及膜状叶,鲜用或晒干。功能与主治:清热泻火,生津止渴,除烦,止呕,利尿。用于热病烦渴,肺热咳嗽,肺痈吐脓,胃热呕哕,热淋涩痛。
板蓝根为十字花科植物菘蓝IsatisindigoticaFort.的干燥根。秋季釆挖,除去泥沙,晒干。功能与主治:清热解毒,凉血利咽。用于温疫时毒,发热咽痛,温毒发斑,痄腮,烂喉丹痧,大头瘟疫,丹毒,痈肿。
桔梗为桔梗科植物桔梗Platycodongrandiflorum(Jacq.)A.DC.的干燥根。春、秋二季釆挖,洗净,除去须根,趁鲜剥去外皮或不去外皮,干燥。功能与主治:宣肺,利咽,祛痰,排脓。用于咳嗽痰多,胸闷不畅,咽痛音哑,肺痈吐脓。
薄荷为唇形科植物薄荷MenthahaplocalyxBriq.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季茎叶茂盛或花开至三轮时,选晴天,分次采割,晒干或阴干。功能与主治:疏散风热,清利头目,利咽,透疹,疏肝行气。用于风热感冒,风温初起,头痛,目赤,喉痹,口疮,风疹,麻疹,胸胁胀闷。
连翘为木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl的干燥果实。秋季果实初熟尚带绿色时采收,除去杂质,蒸熟,晒干,习称“青翘”;果实熟透时采收,晒干,除去杂质,习称“老翘”。功能与主治:清热解毒,消肿散结,疏散风热。用于痈疽,瘰疬,乳痈,丹毒,风热感冒,温病初起,温热入营,高热烦渴,神昏发斑,热淋涩痛。
白术为菊科植物白术AtractylodesmacrocephalaKoidz.的干燥根茎。冬季下部叶枯黄、上部叶变脆时釆挖,除去泥沙,烘干或晒干,再除去须根。功能与主治:健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。
茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poriacocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。多于7~9月采挖,挖出后除去泥沙,堆置“发汗”后,摊开晾至表面干燥,再“发汗”,反复数次至现皱纹、内部水分大部散失后,阴干,称为“茯苓个”;或将鲜茯苓按不同部位切制,阴干,分别称为“茯苓块”和“茯苓片”。功能与主治:利水渗湿,健脾,宁心。用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
甘草为豆科植物甘草GlycyrrhizauralensisFisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhizainflata Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhizaglabra L.的干燥根和根茎。春、秋二季采挖,除去须根,晒干。功能与主治:补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
相对于现有技术,本发明获得的有益效果:
本发明的中药组合物的组分包括黄芪、黄芩片、北柴胡、防风、桑叶、芦根、板蓝根、桔梗、薄荷、连翘、白术、茯苓和甘草片。黄芪补气固表、托毒排脓、利尿生肌;防风祛风解表除湿,使邪有去路;北柴胡疏肝解郁、升举阳气;配白术健脾燥湿以加强北柴胡补气健脾之力;配以薄荷、连翘以清热解毒消肿,增强祛风解表之功效;佐使甘草片健脾和中、润肺解毒、调和诸药。因此,本发明的中药组合物组成具有君臣佐使俱全、配伍严谨、相辅相成的优点,具有扶正除疫,疏风润燥,清热解毒之功,可有效预防新冠病毒肺炎。
新冠病毒肺炎的临床表现以发热、干咳、乏力为主,主要病位为肺脾,基于此基础,通过补益脾气以达到预防肺气虚弱的临床效果。相比较于现有技术,本发明针对新冠病毒肺炎湿毒郁肺、脾胃失运的病因病机特点,设立此方辨证预防;进一步地,本发明中药组合物可制备成各种剂型,方便使用,本发明提供的药物制备工艺设计合理,绿色环保。本申请的中药组合物通过临床效果观察证实其具有显著的疗效,具有十分广阔的市场应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清)产品照片。
图2为本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清)产品发放至健康驿站现场图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药汤剂,其由如下重量份数计的中药组合物制成,所述中药组合物包括:黄芪3份、黄芩片2份、北柴胡3份、防风3份、桑叶3份、芦根3份、板蓝根3份、桔梗2份、薄荷2份、连翘2份、白术3份、茯苓3份、甘草片2份。
上述中药汤剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:核对以上方药,确保味数、剂量准确,其中薄荷按后下药特殊煎煮方法处理。
(2)浸泡:将处理后的方药投入中药煎煮专用容器,加入800mL冷水(符合国家卫生标准的饮用水),浸泡30分钟,以备煎煮。
(3)一煎:将浸泡好的方药和水,用武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火煎煮15分钟,投入后下药薄荷继续共同煎煮5分钟,关火,药液趁热完全倒出过滤,即得药液200mL,储存于已消毒的盛器,备用。
(4)二煎:将一煎的药渣加入600mL冷水(符合国家卫生标准的饮用水),武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火继续煎煮15分钟,关火,药液趁热完全倒出过滤,并压榨药渣过滤,共取得药液200mL。
(5)混合:将二煎药液倒入盛放一煎药液容器内并混合均匀,即得药液。
图1展示的是该中药汤剂产品。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药汤剂,其由如下重量份数计的中药组合物制成,所述中药组合物包括:黄芪2份、黄芩片2份、北柴胡2份、防风2份、桑叶2份、芦根2份、板蓝根2份、桔梗2份、薄荷2份、连翘2份、白术2份、茯苓2份、甘草片2份。
上述中药汤剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:核对以上方药,确保味数、剂量准确,其中薄荷按后下药特殊煎煮方法处理。
(2)浸泡:将处理后的方药投入中药煎煮专用容器,加入800mL冷水(符合国家卫生标准的饮用水),浸泡30分钟,以备煎煮。
(3)一煎:将浸泡好的方药和水,用武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火煎煮10分钟,投入后下药薄荷继续共同煎煮3分钟,关火,药液趁热完全倒出过滤,即得药液200mL,储存于已消毒的盛器,备用。
(4)二煎:将一煎的药渣加入600mL冷水(符合国家卫生标准的饮用水),武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火继续煎煮10分钟,关火,药液趁热完全倒出过滤,并压榨药渣过滤,共取得药液200mL。
(5)混合:将二煎药液倒入盛放一煎药液容器内并混合均匀,即得药液。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药汤剂,其由如下重量份数计的中药组合物制成,所述中药组合物包括:黄芪3份、黄芩片4份、北柴胡3份、防风3份、桑叶3份、芦根3份、板蓝根3份、桔梗4份、薄荷4份、连翘4份、白术3份、茯苓3份、甘草片4份。
上述中药汤剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)前处理:核对以上方药,确保味数、剂量准确,其中薄荷按后下药特殊煎煮方法处理。
(2)浸泡:将处理后的方药投入中药煎煮专用容器,加入800mL冷水(符合国家卫生标准的饮用水),浸泡30分钟,以备煎煮。
(3)一煎:将浸泡好的方药和水,用武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火煎煮20分钟,投入后下药薄荷继续共同煎煮8分钟,关火,药液趁热完全倒出过滤,即得药液200mL,储存于已消毒的盛器,备用。
(4)二煎:将一煎的药渣加入600mL冷水(符合国家卫生标准的饮用水),武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火继续煎煮20分钟,关火,药液趁热完全倒出过滤,并压榨药渣过滤,共取得药液200mL。
(5)混合:将二煎药液倒入盛放一煎药液容器内并混合均匀,即得药液。
实施例4
本实施例提供的一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药汤剂,其由如下重量份数计的中药组合物制成,所述中药组合物包括:黄芪2份、黄芩片1份、北柴胡2份、防风2份、桑叶2份、芦根2份、板蓝根2份、桔梗1份、薄荷1份、连翘1份、白术2份、茯苓2份、甘草片1份。
上述中药汤剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
本实施例提供的一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药汤剂,其由如下重量份数计的中药组合物制成,所述中药组合物包括:黄芪5份、黄芩片4份、北柴胡5份、防风5份、桑叶5份、芦根5份、板蓝根5份、桔梗4份、薄荷4份、连翘4份、白术5份、茯苓5份、甘草片4份。
上述中药汤剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6预防密接者转阳的临床效果观察结果
本发明提供的预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药汤剂的用法为分早晚两次温服。
本文“密接者”是指与新冠确诊患者密切接触者,且其核酸检测为阴性并出现发热、咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕、咽痛等症状。
申请人组织发明人对其预防新冠病毒感染的效果进行了临床效果观察。图2展示的是该中药汤剂产品发放至健康驿站现场工作照片。
通过设置对照组(共纳入315例密接者)与观察组(共纳入667例密接者), 观察、比较健康驿站新冠确诊患者密接者服用本申请中药组合物(疫毒清,即实 施例1制备的汤剂)对新冠病毒肺炎的预防功效。所有密接者服用该中药汤剂或 中药安慰剂均符合自愿原则。
具体地:
在观察组中,纳入密接者共667人。全部服用实施例1制备的汤剂(疫毒清), 以14天为观察期,主要观察发热、咳嗽、咽痛等新冠十大症状改善情况。
在对照组中,纳入密接者共315人。全部服用中药安慰剂作为对照;中药安 慰剂采用辅料、色素和香精相结合的方法制备而成;其中辅料采用淀粉、乳糖和 糊精等,色素采用色焦糖色素等,香精采用香草香精等;安慰剂的包装、服用方 法、口感与观察组完全一致,以14天为观察期,主要观察发热、咳嗽、咽痛等 新冠十大症状改善情况。
表1. 观察3天后新冠确诊患者密接者疗效分析统计
备注:表中“有效”是指发热、咳嗽、咽痛等新冠十大症状明显改善或消失;“无效”是指发热、咳嗽、咽痛等新冠十大症状不改善或加重。
结果显示,观察组与对照组相比,第3天的统计数据就已显示出显著的差异,纳入的密接者的新冠十大症状(发热、咳嗽等)明显改善,观察组总有效率达96.1%,显著高于对照组的45.7%,两组间总有效率具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。
另外后续的观察结果,在对照组315例密接者中,14天内有5例确诊为新冠病毒肺炎阳性。而观察组14天内无确诊为新冠病毒肺炎阳性,全部出站,表明本申请中药组合物能有效预防新冠病毒感染,预防新冠肺炎。
以下为展示的部分密接者信息与观察情况记录:
观察组的效果例1:邓某某,女,28岁,新冠病毒确诊病例密接者,于2022年3月2日入站症见:咽痒,干咳。服用4剂(头2天服用,每天2剂)本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清)后,症状在服用中药第1天后改善。以14天为观察期,于2022年3月16日出健康驿站。
观察组的效果例2:马某,女,26岁,新冠病毒确诊病例密接者,于2022年3月1日入站症见:低热(37.4)、鼻塞流涕、少许咳嗽。服用4剂(头2天服用,每天2剂)本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清)后,症状在服用中药第二天开始改善。以14天为观察期,于2022年3月15日出健康驿站。
观察组的效果例3:李某某,男,45岁,新冠病毒确诊病例密接者,于2022年3月6日入站症见:鼻干、流鼻血(少量)。服用2剂(头1天服用,每天2剂)本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清)后,症状在服用本申请中药组合物第1天后改善。以14天为观察期,于2022年3月20日出健康驿站。
实施例7预防阳转阴病例复阳的临床效果观察结果
申请人组织发明人对经治疗转阴的新冠病毒患者(即新冠肺炎阳转阴病例) 进行了康复期用药疗效观察(以14天为观察期)。
根据自愿原则,纳入123例新冠病毒肺炎阳转阴病例,其中63例服用本申请中药组合物汤剂,服用4剂(头2天服用,每天2剂)本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清)后,14天内没有复阳;另外60例未服用本申请中药组合物汤剂(疫毒清),在14天内出现3例复阳病例。表明本发明的中药组合物还能够用于新冠肺炎患者的康复期用药,能够明显预防复阳。
综上所述,本发明的预防新冠病毒的中药组合物,配伍合理,使各组分发挥最优效果,经过临床疗效观察,能够有效地预防新冠病毒的感染,能够有效地预防新冠肺炎。
以上所述,仅为本发明进一步的实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明所公开的范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变,都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下组分:黄芪、黄芩片、北柴胡、防风、桑叶、芦根、板蓝根、桔梗、薄荷、连翘、白术、茯苓、甘草片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的组分:黄芪2-5份、黄芩片1-4份、北柴胡2-5份、防风2-5份、桑叶2-5份、芦根2-5份、板蓝根2-5份、桔梗1-4份、薄荷1-4份、连翘1-4份、白术2-5份、茯苓2-5份、甘草片1-4份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的组分:黄芪2-3份、黄芩片2-4份、北柴胡2-3份、防风2-3份、桑叶2-3份、芦根2-3份、板蓝根2-3份、桔梗2-4份、薄荷2-4份、连翘2-4份、白术2-3份、茯苓2-3份、甘草片2-4份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的组分:黄芪3份、黄芩片2份、北柴胡3份、防风3份、桑叶3份、芦根3份、板蓝根3份、桔梗2份、薄荷2份、连翘2份、白术3份、茯苓3份、甘草片2份。
5.权利要求1~4任一所述中药组合物在制备预防新冠病毒肺炎药物中的应用。
6.一种预防新冠病毒肺炎的药物,其特征在于,由权利要求1~4任一所述中药组合物制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物还包括药学上可接受的辅料,制备成适于药用的剂型。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,剂型为汤剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物,其特征在于,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.浸泡:将除薄荷外的方药投入容器内,加水,浸泡;
S2.一煎:用武火将浸泡后的药材煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火煎煮,投入薄荷继续煎煮,过滤得滤液;
S3.二煎:往一煎的药渣中加水,用武火煎煮至沸腾后,转为文火继续煎煮,过滤得滤液;
S4.混合:将一煎、二煎得到的滤液混合均匀,即得药液。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物,其特征在于,步骤S2中文火煎煮10-20分钟,投入薄荷后继续煎煮3-8分钟;步骤S3中文火继续煎煮10-20分钟。
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