CN114617207A - Artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of artificial feed for silkworms, and discloses an artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae, which aims to solve the problem that the silk yield of silkworms bred by artificial feed is obviously lower than the breeding level of mulberry leaves under the background of the prior art, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10-25 parts of corn flour, 25-40 parts of soybean meal, 1.8-3 parts of food preservative, 1-3 parts of vitamin additive and amino acid additive. The invention uses the amino acid composition of the glycine and the threonine to balance the artificial feed, and improves the conversion efficiency of the 5 th silkworm larva to the artificial feed protein, thereby improving the silk yield of the silkworm raised by the artificial feed, and leading the silk yield to be close to or exceed the silk yield of the traditional mulberry leaf silkworm raised by the artificial feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial feed for silkworms, in particular to an artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae.
Background
The artificial feed replaces the traditional mulberry leaves with the artificial feed, high-density and sterile rearing is carried out under the controllable environmental condition, the silkworm cocoons are industrially produced, the labor production efficiency and the house utilization rate can be greatly improved, and the artificial feed is a large-scale, standardized and intensive modern silkworm rearing mode and meets the transformation and upgrading requirements of the traditional labor-intensive silkworm industry in China. The artificial feed for silkworms mainly comprises the following nutrient components: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, etc. The prior artificial feed formula for silkworms can adapt to the feeding habits of silkworms and meet the basic nutritional requirements of the silkworms, but the silkworms for breeding the artificial feed have lower silking production capability and the silking production amount of the silkworms for breeding the silkworms with mulberry leaves cannot be reached, which restricts the economic benefit of industrial silkworm breeding. Therefore, the development of an artificial feed formula capable of improving the silk production capacity of silkworms is urgently needed.
For example, the publication of "an artificial feed for silkworms and a preparation method thereof" in the chinese patent literature has a publication number of CN104719680A, and includes, by mass, 30 to 40% of mulberry leaf powder, 30 to 38% of soybean flour, 3 to 6% of mulberry green shoot powder, 1 to 10% of starch, 1 to 3% of composite VB, 1 to 3% of VC, 1 to 4% of citric acid, 1 to 10% of xylitol, and 1 to 10% of D-sorbitol. The artificial feed for the silkworms, disclosed by the invention, can improve the weight and the initial rate of the silkworms of 3 years grown by the artificial feed for the silkworms, but is not used for feeding the silkworms of 5 years, and the artificial feed for the silkworms cannot improve the silk production capability of the silkworms of 5 years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae, aiming at overcoming the problem that the silk yield of the silkworms bred by the artificial feed in the prior art is obviously lower than that of the silkworms bred by mulberry leaves.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10-25 parts of corn flour, 25-40 parts of soybean meal, 1.8-3 parts of food preservative, 1-3 parts of vitamin additive and amino acid additive.
In the formula of the basic artificial feed, mulberry leaf powder, corn flour and soybean meal are main sources of protein, the amino acid composition of the mixture of the mulberry leaf powder, the corn flour and the soybean meal is obviously different from that of mulberry leaves, and although the crude protein content of the basic artificial feed is higher than that of the mulberry leaves, the silk production of the silkworms cultivated by using the basic artificial feed cannot be achieved. The inventors found that the main cause of this phenomenon is the imbalance of amino acid composition in artificial feed, which reduces the efficiency of in vivo conversion of the protein ingested by silkworms into silk protein. When the amino acid additive is added in the formula, the amino acid composition in the feed tends to be balanced, the conversion efficiency of the feed crude protein to silk protein by breeding silkworms with the artificial feed can be improved, and the silk production capacity of the silkworms is further improved. The silk yield of the silkworms bred by using the artificial feed of the invention is close to or more than that of the silkworms bred by using mulberry leaves.
Preferably, the amino acid additive is one or a mixture of two of glycine and threonine.
The inventor finds that the proportion of glycine, alanine, tyrosine, threonine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine in the artificial feed is lower than that in mulberry leaves, wherein the glycine and the threonine are limiting amino acids influencing the silk production of cultivated silkworms in the artificial feed. Therefore, the amino acid composition of the basic artificial feed formula tends to be more balanced by adding glycine or/and threonine, so that the efficiency of converting protein taken in the body of the silkworm into silk protein is improved, wherein when the glycine and the threonine are compounded for use, the effect of improving the silk yield of the silkworm is better than that of singly using the glycine or the threonine.
Preferably, the addition amount of the glycine is not more than 4.4% of the crude protein content in the mulberry leaf powder, the corn flour and the soybean meal powder.
Preferably, the threonine is added in an amount of not more than 3.1% of the crude protein content in the mulberry leaf powder, corn flour and soybean meal powder.
The addition amount of glycine and threonine is related to the total crude protein amount in the feed, and when the addition amount of glycine and threonine is excessive, the amino acid composition balance of the feed is damaged, and the silkworm is poisoned by amino acid, so that the silkworm cannot cocoon or even die. Because the protein content of the mulberry leaf powder, the corn flour and the soybean meal are different to a certain extent, the addition amount of glycine and threonine needs to be adjusted according to the total crude protein content of the mulberry leaf powder, the corn flour and the soybean meal in the artificial feed.
Preferably, the vitamin additives are vitamin C and B complex vitamins.
When the intake of vitamins is too small, the silk yield of the silkworms is reduced, so that the vitamins are required to be added to maintain the normal physiological state of the silkworms.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the vitamin C to the vitamin B complex in the vitamin additive is 1: (0.8-1.5).
Preferably, the food preservative is sorbic acid and citric acid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of sorbic acid to citric acid in the food preservative is 1: (4.5-5.5).
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the conversion efficiency of 5-instar silkworm larvae on feed protein can be improved, and the silk yield of artificial feed cultivated silkworms can be further improved; (2) the artificial feed has low cost, can replace mulberry leaves, and improves the economic benefit of industrial silkworm breeding.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 1.2 parts of glycine.
Example 2
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 1.4 parts of glycine.
Example 3
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 1.6 parts of glycine.
Example 4
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of B-group vitamin complex and 0.6 part of threonine.
Example 5
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of B-group vitamin complex and 0.8 part of threonine.
Example 6
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of B-complex vitamin components and 1.0 part of threonine.
Example 7
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of B-group vitamin complex, 1.2 parts of glycine and 0.4 part of threonine.
Example 8
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of B-group vitamin complex, 1.2 parts of glycine and 0.6 part of threonine.
Example 9
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of B-group vitamin complex, 1.2 parts of glycine and 0.8 part of threonine.
Example 10
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component, 1.2 parts of glycine and 1 part of threonine.
Comparative example 1
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C and 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component.
Comparative example 2
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 1.8 parts of glycine.
The feeds described in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were used for rearing 5-instar silkworm larvae, and the influence thereof on the silk production ability of silkworms was examined. A high-feeding silkworm variety 'middle 2016 multiplied by day 2016' with good feeding performance on artificial feed is selected as an experimental object, 200 silkworms are used in each experiment, three independent experiments are repeated, and the feeding conditions are as follows: the breeding temperature is 25-27 ℃, and the breeding is carried out in a dark environment for 12h under illumination for 12h in a circulating manner until cocoons are formed. The total cocoon weight, cocoon shell ratio and cocoon formation ratio recorded in the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1. silk production of cultivated silkworm in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2
| Item | Total cocoon weight (g) | Amount of cocoon layer (g) | Cocoon layer ratio (%) | Cocoon formation ratio (%) |
| Example 1 | 1.956±0.011a | 0.403±0.004b | 20.60±0.25b | 99.5 |
| Example 2 | 1.877±0.024b | 0.407±0.010b | 21.67±0.27c | 99.5 |
| Example 3 | 1.875±0.067b | 0.403±0.009b | 21.50±0.58c | 99.5 |
| Example 4 | 1.989±0.028ab | 0.400±0.007b | 20.42±0.38b | 99.0 |
| Example 5 | 2.015±0.019b | 0.400±0.007b | 19.87±0.22b | 99.5 |
| Example 6 | 1.982±0.036ab | 0.400±0.008b | 20.20±0.32b | 99.5 |
| Example 7 | 1.910±0.026ab | 0.400±0.010b | 20.95±0.33b | 99.5 |
| Example 8 | 1.881±0.027b | 0.398±0.007b | 21.14±0.62b | 97.0 |
| Example 9 | 1.899±0.014ab | 0.404±0.002b | 21.26±0.19b | 98.0 |
| Example 10 | 1.932±0.049ab | 0.416±0.014b | 21.54±0.34b | 99.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.942±0.026a | 0.375±0.010a | 19.31±0.27a | 99.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | / | / | / | 7.0 |
Note: different letters represent significant differences according to one-way analysis of variance. "/" indicates not investigated.
The content of crude protein and the composition of amino acid in the mulberry leaves and the comparative example 1 are detected, the content of crude protein in the mulberry leaves is 23.36 percent, the content of crude protein in the comparative example 1 is 32.4 percent, and the composition of the amino acid is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 composition of amino acids in Mulberry leaves and comparative example 1
| Kind of amino acid | COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1(g/100g) | Mulberry leaf (g/100g) |
| Glycine | 1.32(4.64％) | 1.21(5.88％) |
| Alanine | 1.40(4.94％) | 1.62(7.89％) |
| Serine | 1.49(5.26％) | 0.83(4.02％) |
| Tyrosine | 0.72(2.55％) | 1.00(4.86％) |
| Cysteine | 0.30(1.05％) | 0.03(0.13％) |
| Proline | 1.57(5.53％) | 0.99(4.80％) |
| Glutamic acid | 5.88(20.74％) | 2.65(12.90％) |
| Aspartic acid | 3.44(12.14％) | 2.50(12.17％) |
| Histidine | 0.69(2.42％) | 0.48(2.32％) |
| Threonine | 1.09(3.83％) | 0.87(4.21％) |
| Arginine | 1.95(6.86％) | 1.06(5.14％) |
| Valine | 1.25(4.40％) | 1.36(6.63％) |
| Methionine | 0.26(0.91％) | 0.02(0.10％) |
| Phenylalanine | 1.52(5.36％) | 1.53(7.42％) |
| Isoleucine | 1.37(4.81％) | 1.10(5.33％) |
| Leucine | 2.40(8.45％) | 2.12(10.31％) |
| Lysine | 1.73(6.09) | 1.24(6.03％) |
| In all | 28.36(100％) | 20.56(100％) |
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the addition of glycine and threonine to the artificial feed can significantly improve the silk production capacity of silkworms, and as can be seen from the data in example 2, when the addition ratio of glycine reaches 1.4%, that is, the addition amount of glycine is 4.3% of the crude protein content in mulberry leaf powder, corn flour and soybean meal, the cocoon shell content can be improved by 8.53%, and the cocoon shell rate can be improved by 2.36%; further increase in the proportion of glycine does not continue to increase the cocoon layer mass and cocoon layer rate of silkworms, and as shown in the data of comparative example 2, silkworms cannot normally spin and cocoon when the proportion of glycine added reaches 1.8%. When the addition proportion of threonine reaches 0.6%, namely the addition amount of threonine is 1.8% of the content of crude protein in mulberry leaf powder, corn powder and soybean meal, the cocoon shell content can be improved by 6.66%, the cocoon shell rate is improved by 1.11%, and the cocoon shell content and the cocoon shell rate cannot be further improved by continuously increasing the threonine content. Silkworms bred in examples 7 to 10 had higher silk yields than silkworms bred with artificial feeds to which glycine or threonine was added alone, and the addition of both glycine and threonine further increased the cocoon layer amount of silkworms, wherein when the addition ratio of glycine was 1.2% and the addition ratio of threonine was 1.0%, the cocoon layer amount was increased by 10.93% and the cocoon layer rate by 2.23%.
As can be seen from Table 2, the composition of amino acids in the basic artificial feed is greatly different from that of mulberry leaves, and the proportions of alanine, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine in the total amino acids are lower in addition to glycine and threonine, as compared with that of mulberry leaves.
Comparative example 3
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 0.91 part of alanine.
Comparative example 4
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 0.69 part of tyrosine.
Comparative example 5
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 0.68 part of valine.
Comparative example 6
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 0.63 part of phenylalanine.
Comparative example 7
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 0.15 part of isoleucine.
Comparative example 8
An artificial feed for 5-instar silkworm larvae comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 35 parts of soybean meal, 24.6 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of sorbic acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin C, 1.5 parts of vitamin B complex component and 0.58 part of leucine.
The feed in the comparative examples 3-8 is used for feeding 5-instar silkworm larvae, and the influence of the feed on the silk production capacity of the silkworms is detected. The experimental method is as described above, a high-feeding silkworm variety '2016 × day 2016' with good feeding performance to artificial feed is selected as an experimental object, 200 silkworms are used in each experiment, and three independent experimental repetitions are carried out, wherein the feeding conditions are as follows: the raising temperature is 25-27 ℃, and the raising is carried out in a dark environment for 12h under 12h illumination circularly until cocoons are formed. The total cocoon weight, cocoon shell percentage and cocoon formation percentage recorded in the experiment are shown in the following table:
| item | Total cocoon weight (g) | Cocoon layer weight (g) | Cocoon layer ratio (%) | Cocoon formation ratio (%) |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.806±0.044 | 0.339±0.008 | 18.79±0.05** | 99.0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.805±0.078* | 0.334±0.011** | 18.51±0.20** | 99.5 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1.766±0.025 | 0.316±0.006 | 17.91±0.27** | 97.5 |
| Comparative example 6 | 1.836±0.012 | 0.341±0.005 | 18.58±0.30* | 98.0 |
| Comparative example 7 | 1.763±0.083 | 0.330±0.016 | 18.74±0.35 | 99.0 |
| Comparative example 8 | 1.659±0.036* | 0.308±0.017* | 18.60±0.30* | 98.5 |
The fact that the silkworms bred in comparative examples 3 to 8 produced lower amounts of silk than in example, and even comparative example 1, indicates that although the ratio of glycine, alanine, tyrosine, threonine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine in the artificial feed of the basic formula was lower than that in mulberry leaves, the addition of alanine, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine or leucine alone to the artificial feed did not improve the utilization rate of feed proteins by silkworms.
Claims (8)
1. An artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-45 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10-25 parts of corn flour, 25-40 parts of soybean meal, 1.8-3 parts of food preservative, 1-3 parts of vitamin additive and amino acid additive.
2. The artificial feed formula for 5 th instar silkworm larvae according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid additive is one or a mixture of glycine and threonine.
3. The artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae, according to claim 2, wherein the glycine is added in an amount of not more than 4.4% of the crude protein content in mulberry leaf powder, corn meal and soybean meal.
4. The artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the threonine is added in an amount of not more than 3.1% of the crude protein content in mulberry leaf powder, corn meal and soybean meal.
5. The artificial feed formula for 5 th instar silkworm larvae, according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin additives are vitamin C and vitamin B complex.
6. The artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae, according to claim 5, wherein the vitamin additive comprises vitamin C and vitamin B complex in a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.5).
7. The artificial feed formula for 5 th instar silkworm larvae according to claim 1, wherein the food preservatives are sorbic acid and citric acid.
8. The artificial feed formula for 5-instar silkworm larvae as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of sorbic acid to citric acid in the food preservative is 1: (4.5-5.5).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117530371A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-02-09 | 山东农业大学 | Silkworm artificial feed additive containing alkaline protease and preparation method and application thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4000318A (en) * | 1974-08-19 | 1976-12-28 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Amino acid supplements |
| CN1907087A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2007-02-07 | 杨解放 | Food addictive for silkworm for silk increasing |
| CN103983726A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-13 | 西南大学 | Application of glycine or metabolism regulator thereof in improving domestic silkworm silk output and method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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