CN114614246A - Wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114614246A CN114614246A CN202210137466.0A CN202210137466A CN114614246A CN 114614246 A CN114614246 A CN 114614246A CN 202210137466 A CN202210137466 A CN 202210137466A CN 114614246 A CN114614246 A CN 114614246A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment, which comprise a dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide, at least two metal units and four radio frequency switches, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, and the coplanar waveguide comprises a first ground wire, a second ground wire and a signal wire arranged between the first ground wire and the second ground wire; the coplanar waveguide and the four radio frequency switches are arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface and are periodically distributed; the first radio frequency switch and the second radio frequency switch are close to the input end of the coplanar waveguide, and the third radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are close to the output end of the coplanar waveguide; the signal wire is connected with the first ground wire through the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch respectively, and the signal wire is connected with the second ground wire through the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch respectively. The invention can realize the switching between the single beam and the multi-beam without additional compensation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment.
Background
An antenna is one of the most important components of a communication system. The current 5G mobile communication standard includes sub-6G and millimeter wave bands, which usually use MIMO multi-antenna systems or antenna arrays to achieve high gain, narrow beam and high communication capacity. The multi-beam antenna technology provides a solution for realizing high gain and large capacity in order to meet the requirements of continuously increased user quantity and low cost and miniaturization of the handheld terminal equipment.
The reconfigurable wave beam antenna is provided based on the requirement of optimizing the coverage mode of the base station, the capacity of the base station can be adjusted in real time by reconfiguring the wave beam, different wave beams are adjusted to correspond to different flow modes, and the utilization rate of base station resources is improved.
The existing beam reconfigurable antenna is generally complex in structure, and needs to use an additional compensation technology or an adjustable impedance matching circuit to correct the instability of frequency characteristics caused by beam switching.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provided are a beam reconfigurable antenna and an electronic device, which can realize switching between a single beam and a multi-beam without an additional compensation technique.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a wave beam reconfigurable antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide, at least two metal units and four radio frequency switches, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, the coplanar waveguide comprises a first ground wire, a second ground wire and a signal wire arranged between the first ground wire and the second ground wire, and the four radio frequency switches are respectively a first radio frequency switch, a second radio frequency switch, a third radio frequency switch and a fourth radio frequency switch;
the coplanar waveguide and the four radio frequency switches are arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units are periodically distributed; the first radio frequency switch and the second radio frequency switch are close to the input end of the coplanar waveguide, and the third radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are close to the output end of the coplanar waveguide; the signal wire is connected with the first ground wire through the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch respectively, and the signal wire is connected with the second ground wire through the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch respectively.
The invention also provides an electronic device comprising the beam reconfigurable antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the radiation mode of the planar coplanar waveguide can be excited by arranging the metal units which are periodically distributed, so that the planar coplanar waveguide can periodically radiate energy in the transmission process; by arranging the radio frequency switches for connecting the signal wire and the two ground wires, the excitation mode of the planar coplanar waveguide can be changed by changing the combination state of the radio frequency switches subsequently, so that the current distribution of the antenna is changed, and the aim of switching different beam forms is fulfilled. The invention does not need additional compensation technology, but utilizes the state switching of the radio frequency switch to excite different modes of the planar coplanar waveguide, thereby realizing the real-time conversion between single beams and multiple beams.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam reconfigurable antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a beam reconfigurable antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning pattern of the beam reconfigurable antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a dielectric substrate; 2. a coplanar waveguide; 3. a metal unit; 4. a radio frequency switch;
21. a first ground line; 22. a second ground line; 23. a signal line;
41. a first radio frequency switch; 42. a second radio frequency switch; 43. a third radio frequency switch; 44. and a fourth radio frequency switch.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical contents, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a beam reconfigurable antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide, at least two metal units, and four radio frequency switches, where the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, the coplanar waveguide includes a first ground line, a second ground line, and a signal line disposed between the first ground line and the second ground line, and the four radio frequency switches are a first radio frequency switch, a second radio frequency switch, a third radio frequency switch, and a fourth radio frequency switch, respectively;
the coplanar waveguide and the four radio frequency switches are arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units are periodically distributed; the first radio frequency switch and the second radio frequency switch are close to the input end of the coplanar waveguide, and the third radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are close to the output end of the coplanar waveguide; the signal wire is connected with the first ground wire through the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch respectively, and the signal wire is connected with the second ground wire through the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch respectively.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the switching between single beam and multi-beam can be realized without additional compensation technology, and the planar integration with the microwave system is facilitated, and the system integration level is improved.
When the four radio frequency switches are all turned off, excitation ports comprise a first excitation port and a second excitation port, the first excitation port is located between the signal line and the first ground line, and the second excitation port is located between the signal line and the second ground line; when the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are closed and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are opened, the excitation port comprises a second excitation port positioned between the signal line and the second ground; when the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are turned off and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are turned on, the excitation port comprises a first excitation port located between the signal line and the first ground line.
As can be seen from the above description, when all the four radio frequency switches are turned off, the antenna feeder portion is a planar coplanar waveguide, and the number of the excitation ports is two; when the two radio frequency switches on one side of the signal line are both disconnected and the two radio frequency switches on the other side of the signal line are both closed, namely, one ground wire in the planar coplanar waveguide is connected with the signal line, at the moment, the antenna feeder line part is equivalent to a structure of a single signal wire and a single ground wire, and the number of the excitation ports is only one.
Further, when all the four radio frequency switches are turned off, the excitation amplitude of the first excitation port is the same as that of the second excitation port, and the excitation phase of the first excitation port is 180 ° different from that of the second excitation port.
As can be seen from the above description, when the four radio frequency switches are all in the off state, the differential excitation is introduced into the input ports of the coplanar waveguide, so that the differential excitation is formed on each metal unit, and the periodically distributed metal units are similar to the array antenna fed in series, and finally two beams are synthesized, that is, a multi-beam mode is realized.
Further, the projections of the first ground line, the second ground line and the signal line on the dielectric substrate intersect and are perpendicular to the projections of the metal units on the dielectric substrate.
From the above description, the radiation mode of the planar coplanar waveguide can be fully excited, and the antenna performance can be optimized.
Further, the length of the coplanar waveguide is 240 mm; the width of the first ground wire and the width of the second ground wire are both 30mm, and the width of the signal wire is 12 mm; and the distances between the signal wire and the first ground wire and between the signal wire and the second ground wire are both 3 mm.
The dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 3, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a thickness of 1.52 mm.
Further, the metal units are metal grid bars, and the length and the width of each of the at least two metal units are both 78mm and 3 mm.
Further, the number of the metal units is 40, and the distance between two adjacent metal units is 3 mm.
From the above description, the operating frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the routing parameters of the coplanar waveguide, the electrical parameters of the dielectric substrate and the period of the metal unit.
The invention also provides an electronic device comprising the beam reconfigurable antenna.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-3, a first embodiment of the present invention is: a beam reconfigurable antenna can be applied to a 5G communication system.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a coplanar waveguide 2, at least two metal units 3, and four rf switches 4, where the dielectric substrate 1 includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the coplanar waveguide 2 includes a first ground line 21, a second ground line 22, and a signal line 23 disposed between the first ground line 21 and the second ground line 22, the first ground line 21, the second ground line 22, and the signal line 23 are parallel, and the four rf switches 4 are a first rf switch 41, a second rf switch 42, a third rf switch 43, and a fourth rf switch 44, respectively.
The coplanar waveguide 2 and the four radio frequency switches 4 are arranged on the first surface; at least two metal units 3 are arranged on the second surface and are distributed periodically; the projections of the first ground line 21, the second ground line 22 and the signal line 23 on the dielectric substrate 1 intersect and are perpendicular to the projections of the metal units 3 on the dielectric substrate 1, respectively.
The first radio frequency switch 41 and the second radio frequency switch 42 are close to the input end of the coplanar waveguide 2, the signal line 23 is connected with the first ground wire 21 through the first radio frequency switch 41, and the signal line 23 is connected with the second ground wire 22 through the second radio frequency switch 42; the third rf switch 43 and the fourth rf switch 44 are close to the output end of the coplanar waveguide 2, the signal line 23 is connected to the first ground 21 through the third rf switch 43, and the signal line 23 is connected to the second ground 22 through the fourth rf switch 44.
The radiation main body of the wave beam reconfigurable antenna is composed of coplanar waveguides and metal units which are respectively arranged on two sides of a dielectric substrate, the fundamental mode of the planar coplanar waveguides is a slow wave mode and is a transmission mode rather than a radiation mode, and the radiation mode of the planar coplanar waveguides can be excited by arranging the metal units which are periodically distributed, so that the radiation main body can periodically radiate energy in the transmission process.
The closer the first radio frequency switch and the second radio frequency switch are to the input end of the coplanar waveguide, the closer the third radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are to the output end of the coplanar waveguide, the easier the implementation is, and the better the performance is.
The radio frequency switch connected with the signal line and the two ground wires is used for realizing the switching of the transmission mode of the planar coplanar waveguide, and the different combination states of the switch change the excitation mode of the planar coplanar waveguide, thereby changing the current distribution of the antenna and achieving the purpose of switching different wave beam forms.
Specifically, when all four radio frequency switches 4 are turned off, the antenna feed portion, i.e., the planar coplanar waveguide, has two excitation ports, namely, a first excitation port located between the signal line 23 and the first ground 21 and a second excitation port located between the signal line 23 and the second ground 22.
When both the two rf switches 4 on one side of the signal line 23 are turned off and both the two rf switches 4 on the other side are turned on, that is, one ground line in the planar coplanar waveguide is connected to the signal line, at this time, the antenna feeder portion is equivalent to a single signal line and single ground line structure, the number of the excitation ports is only one, and the excitation ports are the first excitation ports located between the signal line 23 and the first ground line 21 or the second excitation ports located between the signal line 23 and the second ground line 22. Specifically, when the first rf switch 41 and the third rf switch 43 are closed and the second rf switch 42 and the fourth rf switch 44 are open, the excitation port is a second excitation port located between the signal line 23 and the second ground 22; when the first rf switch 41 and the third rf switch 43 are turned off and the second rf switch 42 and the fourth rf switch 44 are turned on, the excitation port is the first excitation port located between the signal line 23 and the first ground line 21.
Further, when all the four rf switches are in the off state (mode 1), the excitation amplitude of the first excitation port is the same as that of the second excitation port, and the excitation phase of the first excitation port is 180 ° different from that of the second excitation port.
When the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are turned off and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are turned off, or when the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are turned on and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are turned off (mode 2), excitation is performed at the second excitation port or the first excitation port, and at this time, the excitation amplitude and the excitation phase are not limited.
That is, when the four rf switches are all in the off state (mode 1), differential excitation is introduced into the input port of the planar coplanar waveguide, that is, the excitation amplitude between the signal line and the two ground lines is the same but the excitation phase differs by 180 °, so that the arrangement is such that differential excitation is formed on each metal element, and the periodically distributed metal elements are similar to the array antenna fed in series, and finally two beams are synthesized.
When two radio frequency switches between the signal line and one of the ground lines are both in an open state and two radio frequency switches between the signal line and the other ground line are both in a closed state (mode 2), namely the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are open, the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are closed, or the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are closed and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are open, the antenna feeder part is equivalent to a structure of a single signal line and a single ground, and arbitrary excitation is performed at a unique excitation port to form a single beam.
In the present embodiment, the length of the coplanar waveguide 2 is 240mm, that is, the lengths of the first ground line 21, the second ground line 22 and the signal line 23 are all 240 mm; the widths g of the first ground line 21 and the second ground line 22 are both 30mm, and the width w of the signal line 23 is 12 mm; the distances s between the signal line 23 and the first and second ground lines 21 and 22 are each 3 mm. The metal units 4 are strip-shaped, that is, the metal units 4 are metal grid bars. The number of the metal grid bars is 40, the length of each metal grid bar is 78mm, and the width of each metal grid bar is 3 mm; the distance between two adjacent metal grids is 3 mm.
The dielectric substrate 1 selected in this example was Rogers RO3003, and had a dielectric constant of 3, a loss tangent of 0.001 and a thickness of 1.52 mm. In other embodiments, other equivalent types of dielectric substrates can be used.
Further, the coplanar waveguide 2 and the metal unit 3 in the present embodiment can be obtained by coating a metal layer on the dielectric substrate 1, as shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is a scanning pattern of the beam reconfigurable antenna based on the planar coplanar waveguide according to the embodiment, and it can be seen from the figure that the antenna can realize mode switching of single beam and multiple beams by switching of the switch, where mode 1 represents a multiple beam (dual beam) mode, and mode 2 represents a single beam mode.
The planar coplanar waveguide-based structural design is simple in structure and low in processing difficulty, planar integration with a microwave system is facilitated, and the system integration level is improved; the different modes of the planar coplanar waveguide are excited by switching of the switch without an additional compensation technology, so that real-time conversion between single beams and multiple beams is realized.
In summary, the beam reconfigurable antenna and the electronic device provided by the invention use the planar coplanar waveguide, and due to the design of the coplanar structure, the planar integration with the microwave system is more facilitated, and the system integration level is improved; the radiation mode of the planar coplanar waveguide can be excited by arranging the metal units which are periodically distributed, so that the planar coplanar waveguide can periodically radiate energy in the transmission process; the switching of the transmission mode of the planar coplanar waveguide is realized by arranging the radio frequency switch which is connected with the signal wire and the two ground wires, and the excitation mode of the planar coplanar waveguide can be changed by different combination states of the radio frequency switch, so that the current distribution of the antenna is changed, and the aim of switching different wave beam forms is fulfilled; by introducing differential excitation into the input port of the planar coplanar waveguide, when the four radio frequency switches are all switched off, differential excitation can be formed on each metal unit, the periodically distributed metal units are similar to the array antenna with series feed, and two beams are finally synthesized, namely a multi-beam mode is realized; the antenna feeder part is equivalent to a structure of a single signal wire and a single ground by closing two radio frequency switches which are connected with the signal wire and one of the ground wires, so that a single beam is formed, and the single beam mode is realized. The invention can realize the switching between the single beam and the multi-beam without additional compensation technology.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A wave beam reconfigurable antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a coplanar waveguide, at least two metal units and four radio frequency switches, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other, the coplanar waveguide comprises a first ground wire, a second ground wire and a signal wire arranged between the first ground wire and the second ground wire, and the four radio frequency switches are respectively a first radio frequency switch, a second radio frequency switch, a third radio frequency switch and a fourth radio frequency switch;
the coplanar waveguide and the four radio frequency switches are arranged on the first surface, and the at least two metal units are arranged on the second surface; the at least two metal units are periodically distributed; the first radio frequency switch and the second radio frequency switch are close to the input end of the coplanar waveguide, and the third radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are close to the output end of the coplanar waveguide; the signal wire is connected with the first ground wire through the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch respectively, and the signal wire is connected with the second ground wire through the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch respectively.
2. The beam reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein when the four radio frequency switches are all open, excitation ports comprise a first excitation port and a second excitation port, the first excitation port is located between the signal line and the first ground line, and the second excitation port is located between the signal line and the second ground line;
when the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are closed and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are opened, the excitation port comprises a second excitation port positioned between the signal line and the second ground;
when the first radio frequency switch and the third radio frequency switch are turned off and the second radio frequency switch and the fourth radio frequency switch are turned on, the excitation port comprises a first excitation port located between the signal line and the first ground line.
3. The beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 2, wherein when the four radio frequency switches are all turned off, an excitation amplitude of the first excitation port is the same as an excitation amplitude of the second excitation port, and an excitation phase of the first excitation port is different from an excitation phase of the second excitation port by 180 °.
4. The beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein projections of the first ground line, the second ground line, and the signal line on the dielectric substrate intersect and are perpendicular to projections of the metal elements on the dielectric substrate, respectively.
5. The beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the length of the coplanar waveguide is 240 mm; the width of the first ground wire and the width of the second ground wire are both 30mm, and the width of the signal wire is 12 mm; and the distances between the signal wire and the first ground wire and between the signal wire and the second ground wire are both 3 mm.
6. The beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 3, a loss tangent of 0.001, and a thickness of 1.52 mm.
7. The beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal elements are metal bars, and the at least two metal elements each have a length of 78mm and a width of 3 mm.
8. The beam reconfigurable antenna according to claim 1, wherein the number of the metal elements is 40, and a distance between two adjacent metal elements is 3 mm.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a beam reconfigurable antenna according to any of claims 1-8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210137466.0A CN114614246A (en) | 2022-02-15 | 2022-02-15 | Wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment |
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| CN202210137466.0A CN114614246A (en) | 2022-02-15 | 2022-02-15 | Wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment |
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| CN114614246A true CN114614246A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117097361A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-11-21 | 湖北九峰山实验室 | Device integrating multi-band antenna and radio frequency switch and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108448245A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-08-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of differential feed double-frequency planar antenna |
| KR20210141328A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-23 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Leakage wave antenna with reconfigurable beam steering |
| CN217009552U (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-07-19 | 深圳市汇芯通信技术有限公司 | Wave beam reconfigurable antenna and electronic equipment |
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2022
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| CN105305092A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-02-03 | 西安电子工程研究所 | Polarization separator |
| CN108448245A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-08-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of differential feed double-frequency planar antenna |
| KR20210141328A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-23 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Leakage wave antenna with reconfigurable beam steering |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117097361A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-11-21 | 湖北九峰山实验室 | Device integrating multi-band antenna and radio frequency switch and preparation method thereof |
| CN117097361B (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2024-04-30 | 湖北九峰山实验室 | Device integrating multi-band antenna and radio frequency switch and preparation method thereof |
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