CN114608487B - Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method - Google Patents
Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114608487B CN114608487B CN202210376613.XA CN202210376613A CN114608487B CN 114608487 B CN114608487 B CN 114608487B CN 202210376613 A CN202210376613 A CN 202210376613A CN 114608487 B CN114608487 B CN 114608487B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/272—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of measurement, and discloses a bar straightness measurement system which comprises a straightness detection mechanism and a fixed support, wherein the straightness detection mechanism comprises a detection traversing mechanism, a detection lifting mechanism and a detection support, a detection element is arranged on the detection support, the detection traversing mechanism is used for driving the straightness detection mechanism to transversely move along the fixed support, the detection lifting mechanism is used for driving the straightness detection mechanism to longitudinally move along the fixed support, and a bar to be measured is arranged below the fixed support. Methods of straightness measurement using the system are also disclosed. According to the invention, the straightness of the bar can be calculated by measuring the coordinates of the center point of the bar along the whole length direction, so that the influence of the error of the ovality of the round steel is small and can be ignored; the invention adopts static measurement, has small interference, good reliability and high precision, and is suitable for large-scale industrialized production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement, and is mainly applied to bar finishing lines, in particular to a bar straightness measurement system and a bar straightness measurement method.
Background
The straightness of a bar is, in general, the maximum distance that the maximum bending point of the bar deviates from the full length straight line.
The measurement of the straightness of bars has been a difficulty. In a large-scale bar automation production line, online measurement of bar straightness has always become a bottleneck restricting the bar large-scale automation production line. Because chamfering, flaw detection, shot blasting, bundling and other procedures all have certain requirements on the straightness of the bars, an online reliable bar straightness measuring method is needed to detect whether the bar straightness meets production requirements so as to remove the bars which do not meet the specifications, reserve the qualified bars and automatically produce the bars in a finishing line.
In the roller way feeding process of the bar, the straightness of the bar is extremely difficult to dynamically measure due to the bending degree of the bar, vibration of the roller way, unevenness and the like. Bending in an instantaneous local range can only be measured by three-point measurement, and when the full-length straightness is measured, the measurement result often deviates from an actual value due to the restriction of the conditions, so that the accuracy of the measurement result is influenced, and the accuracy of straightness calculation is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a bar straightness measuring system and a bar straightness measuring method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention relates to a bar straightness measuring system, which adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a rod straightness accuracy measurement system, includes straightness accuracy detection mechanism and fixed bolster, straightness accuracy detection mechanism is including detecting sideslip mechanism, detection elevating system and detection support, install detecting element on the detection support, detect sideslip mechanism and be used for driving straightness accuracy detection mechanism along fixed bolster lateral shifting, detect elevating system and be used for driving straightness accuracy detection mechanism along fixed bolster longitudinal movement, the rod that awaits measuring sets up in the fixed bolster below.
Preferably, a bar flat supporting mechanism is arranged below the fixed support and used for flat supporting the bar to the detection station.
Preferably, the detection traversing mechanism comprises a servo motor and a gear, a linear guide rail is arranged above the fixed support, and a rack is arranged on the linear guide rail.
The detection lifting mechanism comprises a gear motor with an encoder, a screw nut and a lifting guide mechanism, wherein the lifting guide mechanism comprises two sets of polished rods and copper sleeves, the gear motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the screw nut can only drive the straightness detection mechanism (10) to lift up and down along the lifting guide mechanism due to the fact that the two sets of lifting guide mechanisms cannot rotate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the detection element comprises two sets of laser light curtain devices, symmetrically and vertically arranged, the bar being located in the center of the two sets of light curtains, and the coordinates of the center of the bar section being calculated by reading the signals of the shadow positions of the receiving ends.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the detection element is three sets of laser range finders, three-point coordinates on the outer circle of the bar are detected, and unique center point coordinates of the round cross section of the bar can be obtained through calculation.
Preferably, the three sets of laser rangefinders must lie in one plane, since the circumscribed circle of the triangle is unique and the angle is preferably bisected by the angle.
The invention further relates to a bar straightness measuring method.
According to the bar straightness measuring system, a bar flat supporting mechanism horizontally supports a bar to a detection station, a detection traversing mechanism drives a detection support to transversely move along the center line of the bar, then a straightness detection mechanism scans the whole length of the bar through a detection element, three-dimensional space coordinates of the bar are obtained, and bar straightness is obtained through calculation.
Preferably, when scanning, the height of the detection support is adjusted through the detection element detection lifting mechanism, so that the center of the detection support is level with the center line of the round steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the straightness of the bar can be calculated by measuring the coordinates of the center point of the bar along the whole length direction, so that the influence of the error of the ovality of the round steel is small and can be ignored;
(2) The invention adopts static measurement (the measurement is carried out in a static state of the bar), so that the measurement method has small interference, good reliability and high precision, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bar straightness measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of a bar straightness measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection device of embodiment 1 with two sets of laser light curtain devices;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the detecting element of embodiment 2 with three sets of laser rangefinders;
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-detection transverse moving mechanism, a 2-detection lifting mechanism, a 3-detection support, a first 4-light curtain sensor transmitting end, a second 5-light curtain sensor receiving end, a 6-bar flat supporting mechanism, a first 7-light curtain sensor receiving end, a second 8-light curtain sensor transmitting end, a 9-fixed support, a 10-straightness detection mechanism, a 11-bar, a 12-laser range finder and a 13-lifting guide mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a bar straightness measuring system comprises a straightness detecting mechanism 10 and a fixed support 9, wherein the straightness detecting mechanism 10 comprises a detection traversing mechanism 1, a detection lifting mechanism 2 and a detection support 3, the straightness detecting mechanism 10 is provided with the detection traversing mechanism 1 and the detection lifting mechanism 2, the detection support 3 is provided with a detecting element, the detection traversing mechanism 1 is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism 10 to transversely move along the fixed support 9, the detection lifting mechanism 2 is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism 10 to longitudinally move along the fixed support 9, and a bar 11 to be measured is arranged below the fixed support 9.
A bar flat supporting mechanism 6 is arranged below the fixed support 9 and used for flat supporting the bar 11 to a detection station. The bar flat supporting mechanism can utilize a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder to rapidly and stably support the bar to fall, which is common knowledge in the related field and is not described in detail herein.
The detection transverse movement mechanism 1 comprises a servo motor and a gear, a linear guide rail is arranged above the fixed support 9, and a rack is arranged on the linear guide rail. The detection traversing mechanism 1 drives a straightness detection mechanism 10 to transversely move along the fixed support 9 through a servo motor driving gear along a rack arranged on the fixed support 9. Linear guide is arranged above the fixed support 9, so that the transverse rapid and stable movement of the transverse moving mechanism 1 is conveniently detected, the interference such as vibration is reduced to the maximum extent, and rapid and accurate guiding is realized.
In the invention, the detection traversing mechanism 1 is mainly used for driving the detection element to transversely move, and the straightness detection mechanism 10 is signaled by an encoder on a servo motor to detect sampling according to the moving distance, so that the center point coordinates of the bar are uniformly detected.
The detecting lifting mechanism 2 comprises a gear motor with an encoder, a screw nut and a lifting guide mechanism 13, wherein the lifting guide mechanism 13 comprises two sets of polished rods and copper sleeves, the gear motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the screw nut can only drive the straightness detection mechanism 10 to lift up and down along the lifting guide mechanism 13 due to the fact that the two sets of lifting guide mechanisms 13 cannot rotate. The detection lifting mechanism 2 drives the straightness detection mechanism 10 to longitudinally move along the fixed support 9, so that the height of the straightness detection mechanism 10 is adjusted to adapt to the change of the diameter of the bar, and the height adjustment is based on the fact that the detection center coincides with the center of the bar as much as possible.
The detection elements are two sets of laser light curtain devices, are symmetrically and vertically arranged, the bar is positioned in the center of the two sets of light curtains, and the coordinates of the center of the cross section of the bar are calculated by reading signals of shadow positions of the receiving ends; two sets of laser light curtain sensors are symmetrically and vertically installed in a plane, one side is a transmitting end, the other side is a receiving end, two coordinates of the center of the section of the bar can be obtained in a three-dimensional coordinate system by detecting the projection position, and the coordinates of the detection traversing mechanism are added, so that the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the round steel are obtained. In this embodiment, the laser light of the first light curtain sensor transmitting end 4 is received by the first light curtain sensor receiving end 7, and the laser light of the second light curtain sensor transmitting end 8 is received by the second light curtain sensor receiving end 5. The light curtain sensor receiving end, because of the blocking of the bar, part of light is blocked, as shown in figure 3, after setting the x-axis and y-axis coordinate system, the coordinate x (b 1-b 2)/2 of the center point of the bar can be calculated from the coordinate of the shadow part of the receiving end; y (a 1-a 2)/2.
The center of the whole straightness detection mechanism (10) is set to transversely move and return along the z axis, the servo motor is driven, the whole stroke is evenly divided into a plurality of coordinates (the coordinates of the z axis can be calculated), each coordinate x and y is read by a sensor, and therefore the coordinates of the x axis and the y axis corresponding to a plurality of points on the z axis can be obtained.
By linking the three-dimensional seating of these points, a three-dimensional curve of the central point of the bar is obtained, and how to calculate the maximum bending value of the bar is a mathematical problem, which is not discussed here.
Example 2
The bar straightness measurement system of this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the light curtain sensor is replaced by 3 sets of laser range finders, as shown in fig. 4, three-point distances of the outer circle on the section of the bar are measured, three-dimensional coordinates of the bar are calculated through a geometric method, the three points are connected to form an inscribed triangle of a circle, and the coordinates of the center point of the bar can be calculated through a mathematical method because the circumscribed circle corresponding to the triangle is unique. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the coordinates of the points on the surface of the rod are measured by a laser range finder, and then the coordinates of three points a, b and c on the outer circle of the rod are calculated by a mathematical method. The three points are connected to form an inscribed triangle of the outer circle of the bar. The circumscribed circle corresponding to the triangle is unique, so that in the plane, corresponding x-axis coordinates and y-axis coordinates can be calculated through a geometric method, and then corresponding z-axis coordinates, and a curve of the center point of the bar can be drawn by combining. In this way, the maximum bending point and the maximum bending value of the bar can also be calculated mathematically.
The three sets of laser rangefinders should be in one plane, because the circumcircle of the triangle is unique, the arrangement is equally preferable at an angle of 120 degrees, but if the space and the structure are limited, the angle can not be limited to 120 degrees, because the circumcircle of the triangle can be drawn as long as the coordinates of three points on the outer circle surface of the bar are measured, and the circumcircle is unique.
Example 3
According to the bar straightness measuring system, the bar 11 is flatly supported to a detection station by the bar flatly supporting mechanism 6, the detection traversing mechanism 1 drives the detection support 3 to transversely move along the center line of the bar, and then the straightness detecting mechanism scans the whole length of the bar 11 through the detection element, so that the three-dimensional space coordinates of the bar are obtained.
During scanning, the height of the detection support 3 is adjusted through the detection element detection lifting mechanism 2, so that the center of the detection support is basically level with the center line of the round steel, and the cross section (detection surface) of the bar is covered to the greatest extent.
The measured three-dimensional space coordinates of the center point of the bar are sequentially connected, a space three-dimensional curve of the bar straightness can be obtained, and the position of the maximum bending point of the bar and the maximum bending value of the bar can be obtained through mathematical analysis and calculation.
As for the calculation method of the straightness, since the three-dimensional coordinates of the center point of the bar in the full length direction are known, the maximum curvature thereof is calculated, and the calculation method is as follows:
1) And averaging the coordinates of all the center points of the bar, and taking the coordinates of the middle point.
2) And drawing a reference straight line of the center of the theoretical sample bar by taking the coordinates of the middle point as a reference.
3) The vertical distance between each point and the reference straight line is calculated respectively, and the maximum value is taken, and the maximum value is divided by the length of the bar, namely the maximum bending of the bar.
4) Taking the length of the bar as a unit and taking the coordinates of the sampling point in the length of 1 meter, repeating the three steps, and calculating the local maximum bending of the bar.
The specific details of the calculations are common general knowledge in the mathematical arts and will not be described here.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A bar straightness measuring method is characterized in that a bar straightness measuring system is adopted, a bar (11) is flatly supported to a detection station by a bar flatly supporting mechanism (6), a detection traversing mechanism (1) drives a detection support (3) to transversely move along the center line of the bar, then the straightness detecting mechanism scans the whole length of the bar (11) through a detection element, and three-dimensional space coordinates of the bar are obtained, and bar straightness is obtained through calculation;
The bar straightness measuring system comprises a straightness detecting mechanism (10) and a fixed support (9), wherein the straightness detecting mechanism (10) comprises a detection traversing mechanism (1), a detection lifting mechanism (2) and a detection support (3), a detecting element is arranged on the detection support (3), the detection traversing mechanism (1) is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism (10) to transversely move along the fixed support (9), the detection lifting mechanism (2) is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism (10) to longitudinally move along the fixed support (9), and a bar (11) to be measured is arranged below the fixed support (9);
the detecting lifting mechanism (2) comprises a gear motor with an encoder, a screw rod nut and a lifting guide mechanism (13), wherein the lifting guide mechanism (13) comprises two sets of polished rods and copper sleeves, the gear motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the screw rod can only drive the straightness detection mechanism (10) to lift up and down along the lifting guide mechanism (13) due to the fact that the two sets of lifting guide mechanisms (13) can not rotate;
The height of the detection support (3) is adjusted through the detection element detection lifting mechanism (2), so that the center of the detection support is level with the center line of the round steel.
2. The bar straightness measuring method according to claim 1, wherein a bar flat supporting mechanism (6) is arranged below the fixed support (9) and is used for flat supporting the bar (11) to the detection station.
3. The bar straightness measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting and traversing mechanism (1) comprises a servo motor and a gear, a linear guide rail is arranged above the fixed support (9), and a rack is arranged on the linear guide rail.
4. The method for measuring the straightness of a rod according to claim 1, wherein the detecting element comprises two sets of laser light curtain devices, the two sets of laser light curtain devices are symmetrically and vertically arranged, the rod is positioned at the center of the two sets of light curtains, and the coordinates of the center of the section of the rod are calculated by reading signals of the shadow positions of the receiving ends.
5. The method for measuring the straightness of a bar according to claim 1, wherein the detecting element comprises three sets of laser range finders, three-point coordinates on the outer circle of the bar are measured, and unique center point coordinates of the circular cross section of the bar can be obtained through calculation.
6. The bar straightness measurement method according to claim 5, wherein the three sets of laser rangefinders must lie in one plane because the circumcircle of the triangle is unique and the angle is bisected by 120 degrees.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210376613.XA CN114608487B (en) | 2022-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method |
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| CN202210376613.XA CN114608487B (en) | 2022-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method |
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| CN114608487B true CN114608487B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115451847A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-12-09 | 北京科技大学 | Bar stock measuring device, bar stock measuring method and storage medium |
| CN116952169B (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-01-05 | 惠州市金箭精密部件有限公司 | Intelligent detection system and method for straightness of screw rod |
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