CN114608487A - Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method - Google Patents
Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114608487A CN114608487A CN202210376613.XA CN202210376613A CN114608487A CN 114608487 A CN114608487 A CN 114608487A CN 202210376613 A CN202210376613 A CN 202210376613A CN 114608487 A CN114608487 A CN 114608487A
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- bar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/272—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of measurement, and discloses a bar straightness measuring system which comprises a straightness detecting mechanism and a fixed support, wherein the straightness detecting mechanism comprises a detecting transverse moving mechanism, a detecting lifting mechanism and a detecting support, a detecting element is arranged on the detecting support, the detecting transverse moving mechanism is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism to transversely move along the fixed support, the detecting lifting mechanism is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism to longitudinally move along the fixed support, and a bar to be measured is arranged below the fixed support. And discloses a method for measuring straightness by using the system. According to the invention, the straightness of the bar can be calculated by measuring the coordinates of the center point of the bar along the full length direction, and the error influence of the ovality of the round steel is small and can be ignored; the invention adopts static measurement, has small interference of the measurement method, good reliability and high precision, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement, is mainly applied to a bar finishing line, and particularly relates to a bar straightness measurement system and a bar straightness measurement method.
Background
The straightness of a bar refers to the maximum distance that the maximum bending point of the bar deviates from the full length straight line.
The measurement of the straightness of the bars has been a difficult point. In a large-scale bar automatic production line, online measurement of the straightness of bars always becomes a bottleneck restricting the large-scale bar automatic production line. Because the processes of chamfering, flaw detection, shot blasting, bundling and the like all have certain requirements on the straightness of the bars, an online reliable bar straightness measuring method is urgently needed to detect whether the straightness of the bars meets the production requirements so as to reject the bars with out-of-specification specifications, retain the qualified bars and carry out automatic production in a finishing line.
In the roller way feeding process of the bar, due to the bending degree of the bar, the vibration of the roller way, the unevenness and the like, the dynamic measurement of the straightness of the bar is extremely difficult. Bending can only be measured in an instantaneous local range by three-point bending measurement, and when the full-length straightness is measured, due to the restriction of the above conditions, the measurement result often deviates from an actual value, so that the accuracy of the measurement result is influenced, and further the accuracy of the straightness calculation is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring the straightness of a bar.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention relates to a bar straightness measuring system, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a bar straightness accuracy measurement system, includes straightness accuracy detection mechanism and fixed bolster, straightness accuracy detection mechanism is including detecting sideslip mechanism, detecting elevating system and detection support, install detecting element on the detection support, detect sideslip mechanism and be used for driving straightness accuracy detection mechanism along fixed bolster lateral shifting, detect elevating system and be used for driving straightness accuracy detection mechanism along fixed bolster longitudinal movement, the bar that awaits measuring sets up in the fixed bolster below.
Preferably, a bar flat supporting mechanism is arranged below the fixed support and used for flatly supporting the bar to the detection station.
Preferably, the detection transverse moving mechanism comprises a servo motor and a gear, a linear guide rail is arranged above the fixed support, and a rack is arranged on the linear guide rail.
The detection lifting mechanism comprises a speed reducing motor with an encoder, a screw rod nut and a lifting guide mechanism, the lifting guide mechanism comprises two sets of polished rods and copper sleeves, the speed reducing motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the nut can only drive the straightness detection mechanism (10) to lift up and down along the lifting guide mechanism because the two sets of lifting guide mechanisms cannot rotate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detecting element includes two sets of laser light curtain devices, which are symmetrically and vertically arranged, the rod is located at the center of the two sets of light curtains, and the coordinates of the center of the cross section of the rod are calculated by reading the signal of the shadow position of the receiving end.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the detecting elements are three sets of laser range finders, three point coordinates on the outer circle of the bar are measured, and the only center point coordinate of the circular section of the bar can be obtained through calculation.
Preferably, the three sets of laser rangefinders must lie in a plane, since the circle circumscribing the triangle is unique, and the angle is preferably bisected by degrees.
The invention also relates to a method for measuring the straightness of the bar.
According to the bar straightness measuring method, the bar is flatly supported to the detection station by the bar flat supporting mechanism, the detection transverse moving mechanism drives the detection support to transversely move along the central line of the bar, then the straightness detection mechanism scans the full length of the bar through the detection element, the three-dimensional space coordinate of the bar is obtained, and the straightness of the bar is obtained through calculation.
Preferably, during scanning, the height of the detection support is adjusted through the detection lifting mechanism of the detection element, so that the center of the detection support is flush with the center line of the round steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the straightness of the bar can be calculated by measuring the coordinates of the center point of the bar along the full length direction, and the error influence of the ovality of the round steel is small and can be ignored;
(2) the invention adopts static measurement (bar static state measurement), the measurement method has small interference, good reliability and high precision, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bar straightness measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general schematic view of a bar straightness measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the detecting element of embodiment 1 with two sets of laser light curtain devices;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment 2 in which three sets of laser range finders are used as detection elements;
in the figure: 1-detecting a transverse moving mechanism, 2-detecting a lifting mechanism, 3-detecting a support, 4-emitting end one of a light curtain sensor, 5-receiving end two of the light curtain sensor, 6-bar material flat supporting mechanism, 7-receiving end one of the light curtain sensor, 8-emitting end two of the light curtain sensor, 9-fixing support, 10-straightness detecting mechanism, 11-bar material, 12-laser range finder and 13-lifting guide mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a bar straightness measuring system includes a straightness detecting mechanism 10 and a fixing support 9, the straightness detecting mechanism 10 includes a detecting traverse mechanism 1, a detecting lifting mechanism 2 and a detecting support 3, the detecting traverse mechanism 1 and the detecting lifting mechanism 2 are installed on the straightness detecting mechanism 10, a detecting element is installed on the detecting support 3, the detecting traverse mechanism 1 is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism 10 to move transversely along the fixing support 9, the detecting lifting mechanism 2 is used for driving the straightness detecting mechanism 10 to move longitudinally along the fixing support 9, and a bar 11 to be measured is disposed below the fixing support 9.
And a bar material flat supporting mechanism 6 is arranged below the fixed support 9 and used for flatly supporting the bar material 11 to a detection station. The rod material horizontal supporting mechanism can utilize a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder to quickly and stably support and drop the rod material, which is common knowledge in the related field and is not described herein.
The detection transverse moving mechanism 1 comprises a servo motor and a gear, a linear guide rail is arranged above the fixed support 9, and a rack is arranged on the linear guide rail. The detection transverse moving mechanism 1 drives the gear to drive the linearity detection mechanism 10 to transversely move along the fixed support 9 through the servo motor along the rack arranged on the fixed support 9. Linear guide is equipped with above the fixed bolster 9, is convenient for detect the horizontal quick steady movement of sideslip mechanism 1, and furthest reduces interference such as vibrations to realize quick accurate direction.
In the invention, the detection transverse moving mechanism 1 is mainly used for driving the detection element to transversely move, and according to the moving distance, a coder on a servo motor is used for signaling the straightness detection mechanism 10 to detect and sample, so that the central point coordinate of the bar is uniformly detected.
The detection lifting mechanism 2 comprises a speed reducing motor with an encoder, a screw rod nut and a lifting guide mechanism 13, the lifting guide mechanism 13 comprises two sets of polished rods and copper sleeves, the speed reducing motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the nut can only drive the straightness detection mechanism 10 to lift up and down along the lifting guide mechanism 13 due to the fact that the two sets of lifting guide mechanisms 13 cannot rotate. The detection lifting mechanism 2 drives the straightness detection mechanism 10 to move longitudinally along the fixed support 9, so that the height of the straightness detection mechanism 10 is adjusted to adapt to the change of the diameter of the bar, and the height adjustment is based on the fact that the detection center and the center of the bar coincide as much as possible.
The detection elements are two sets of laser light curtain devices which are symmetrically and vertically arranged, the bar is positioned in the centers of the two sets of light curtains, and the coordinates of the center of the section of the bar are calculated by reading the signals of the shadow positions of the receiving ends; two sets of laser light curtain sensors are symmetrically and vertically installed in a plane, one side is a transmitting end, the other side is a receiving end, two coordinates of the center of the section of the bar can be obtained in a three-dimensional coordinate system by detecting the position of projection, and the coordinates of the transverse movement detection mechanism are added, so that the three-dimensional coordinate of the center of the round steel is obtained. In this embodiment, the laser of the first light curtain sensor transmitting end 4 is received by the first light curtain sensor receiving end 7, and the laser of the second light curtain sensor transmitting end 8 is received by the second light curtain sensor receiving end 5. At the receiving end of the light curtain sensor, due to the blocking of the bar, part of light is blocked, and as shown in fig. 3, after an x-axis coordinate system and a y-axis coordinate system are set, a coordinate x of the central point of the bar can be calculated by the coordinate of the shadow part of the receiving end (b1-b 2)/2; y is (a1-a 2)/2.
The center of the whole straightness detection mechanism (10) is set to move transversely and return along the z axis, the servo motor is driven to divide the whole stroke into a plurality of coordinates (the coordinate of the z axis can be calculated), and each coordinate x and y is read by a sensor, so that the coordinates of the x axis and the y axis corresponding to a plurality of points on the z axis can be obtained.
The three-dimensional connection of these points results in a three-dimensional curve of the center point of the bar, and how to calculate the maximum bending value of the bar is a mathematical problem and will not be discussed here.
Example 2
The difference between the bar straightness measuring system of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is as follows: the light curtain sensor is changed into 3 sets of laser range finders, as shown in figure 4, the distance between three points of the upper excircle of the section of the bar is measured, the three-dimensional coordinates of the bar are calculated by a geometric method, the three points are connected to form an inscribed triangle of the circle, and the coordinates of the center point of the bar can also be calculated by a mathematical method because the circumscribed circle corresponding to the triangle is unique. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the coordinates of the surface points of the bar are measured by a laser range finder, and then the coordinates of three points a, b, and c on the outer circle of the bar are obtained by mathematical calculation. The three points are connected together to form an inscribed triangle of the outer circle of the bar. The circumscribed circle corresponding to the triangle is unique, so that in the plane, the corresponding x-axis and y-axis coordinates can be calculated by a geometric method, and then the coordinates corresponding to the z-axis coordinates are combined to draw a curve of the center point of the bar. In this way, the maximum bending point and the maximum bending value of the rod can also be calculated mathematically.
The three sets of laser range finders should be in one plane because the circumscribed circle of the triangle is unique, and the arrangement is preferably divided equally by 120 degrees, but if the space and structure are limited, the arrangement is not limited to 120 degrees, because the circumscribed circle can be drawn and is unique as long as the coordinates of three points on the surface of the outer circle of the bar are measured regardless of the angle.
Example 3
A bar straightness measuring method adopts the bar straightness measuring system, the bar flat support mechanism 6 supports a bar 11 to a detection station, the detection transverse moving mechanism 1 drives the detection support 3 to move transversely along the central line of the bar, and then the straightness detection mechanism scans the full length of the bar 11 through a detection element to obtain the three-dimensional space coordinate of the bar.
During scanning, the height of the detection support 3 is adjusted through the detection element detection lifting mechanism 2, so that the center of the detection support is basically flush with the center line of the round steel, and the cross section (detection surface) of the bar is covered to the maximum extent.
The measured three-dimensional space coordinates of the central points of the bars are sequentially connected, a space three-dimensional curve of the straightness of the bars can be obtained, and the position of the maximum bending point of the bars and the maximum bending value of the bars can be obtained through mathematical analysis and calculation.
As for the calculation method of the straightness, because three-dimensional coordinates of the center point of the bar in the full length direction are known, the maximum bending degree of the bar is calculated, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
1) and averaging the coordinates of all the center points of the bar, and taking the coordinate of the middle point.
2) And drawing a reference straight line of the center of the theoretical sample rod by taking the coordinate of the middle point as a reference.
3) And respectively calculating the vertical distance between each point and the reference straight line, taking the maximum value, and dividing the maximum value by the length of the bar to obtain the maximum bending of the bar.
4) And taking the length of the bar material of 1 meter as a unit, taking the coordinates of the sampling points within the length of 1 meter, and repeating the three step axes to calculate the local maximum bending of the bar material.
The specific detailed calculations are well known in the field of mathematics and are not described here.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a bar straightness accuracy measurement system, its characterized in that, includes straightness accuracy detection mechanism (10) and fixed bolster (9), straightness accuracy detection mechanism (10) are including detecting sideslip mechanism (1), detecting elevating system (2) and detecting support (3), install detecting element on the detecting support 3, detect sideslip mechanism (1) and be used for driving straightness accuracy detection mechanism (10) along fixed bolster (9) lateral shifting, detect elevating system (2) and be used for driving straightness accuracy detection mechanism (10) along fixed bolster (9) longitudinal shifting, bar (11) that await measuring set up in fixed bolster (9) below.
2. The bar straightness measuring system according to claim 1, wherein a bar flat supporting mechanism (6) is arranged below the fixed support (9) and used for flatly supporting the bar (11) to a detection station.
3. The bar straightness measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the detecting and traversing mechanism (1) comprises a servo motor and a gear, a linear guide rail is arranged above the fixed support (9), and a rack is arranged on the linear guide rail.
4. The bar straightness measuring system according to claim 1, wherein the detection lifting mechanism (2) comprises a speed reduction motor with an encoder, a screw nut and a lifting guide mechanism (13), the lifting guide mechanism (13) comprises two sets of polished rods and copper sleeves, the speed reduction motor drives the screw to rotate, and the nut cannot rotate due to the two sets of lifting guide mechanisms (13) and can only drive the straightness detection mechanism (10) to lift up and down along the lifting guide mechanism (13).
5. The rod straightness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the detecting elements comprise two sets of laser light curtain devices which are symmetrically and vertically arranged, the rod is positioned in the center of the two sets of light curtains, and the coordinates of the center of the cross section of the rod are calculated by reading signals of shadow positions of receiving ends.
6. The rod straightness measuring system of claim 1, wherein the detecting elements comprise three sets of laser range finders, three coordinates of the outer circle of the rod are measured, and the unique center point coordinate of the circular section of the rod can be obtained through calculation.
7. The rod straightness measurement system of claim 6, wherein the three sets of laser rangefinders must lie in a plane because the circumscribed circle of the triangle is unique and the angle is bisected by 120 degrees.
8. A bar straightness measuring method is characterized in that a bar straightness measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, a bar horizontal supporting mechanism (6) horizontally supports a bar (11) to a detection station, a detection transverse moving mechanism (1) drives a detection support (3) to transversely move along the central line of the bar, then the straightness detection mechanism scans the full length of the bar (11) through a detection element, the three-dimensional space coordinate of the bar is obtained, and the straightness of the bar is obtained through calculation.
9. The method for measuring the straightness of the bar according to claim 8, wherein the height of the detection support (3) is adjusted by the detection lifting mechanism (2) of the detection element during scanning so that the center of the detection support is aligned with the center line of the round steel.
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| CN202210376613.XA CN114608487A (en) | 2022-04-12 | 2022-04-12 | Bar straightness measuring system and measuring method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115451847A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-12-09 | 北京科技大学 | Bar stock measuring device, bar stock measuring method and storage medium |
| CN116952169A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-27 | 惠州市金箭精密部件有限公司 | Intelligent detection system and method for straightness of screw rod |
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| CN112254683A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-22 | 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 | Composite pultrusion part straightness evaluation method |
| CN113587858A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 太原科技大学 | Pipe bar online detection straightness calculation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115451847A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-12-09 | 北京科技大学 | Bar stock measuring device, bar stock measuring method and storage medium |
| CN116952169A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-27 | 惠州市金箭精密部件有限公司 | Intelligent detection system and method for straightness of screw rod |
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