CN114607428A - Inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method - Google Patents
Inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114607428A CN114607428A CN202210220773.5A CN202210220773A CN114607428A CN 114607428 A CN114607428 A CN 114607428A CN 202210220773 A CN202210220773 A CN 202210220773A CN 114607428 A CN114607428 A CN 114607428A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000004282 Grewia occidentalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
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Abstract
The invention provides an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and an application method, wherein the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod comprises an anchor head and a restraint end; the anchor head comprises an anchor rod, an upper horizontal limiting slide block, a frustum pyramid-shaped slide block and an anchor sheet; the restraint end comprises a lower horizontal limit sliding block and a bottom fixing block. The frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and the anchor sheet are mutually attached inside, and extrusion and sliding between the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and the anchor sheet are realized through the roller; the upper horizontal limiting sliding block and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block restrict the anchor sheet to be opened only along the radial direction. During the installation, stretch into the anchor eye with the scalable stock of closed state's interior anchor formula, support the bottom fixed block at the bottom of the hole, rotatory stock drives the anchor head rotation and makes bottom fixed block fixed teeth all around stab out, then carries out stretch-draw to the stock, drives the arris platform shape and slides upwards to promote the anchor piece radially to open and extrude with the pore wall, provides the anchor power. According to the invention, by increasing the confining pressure borne by the soft rock, the upper limit shear strength of the anchor-rock interface is improved, so that a larger anchoring force is obtained, the deformation of the rock body can be restrained, and the stability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass reinforcement, in particular to an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and an application method.
Background
After the deep soft rock cavern is excavated, surrounding rocks around the deep soft rock cavern are displaced to the face of the empty surface, so that the deep soft rock cavern is greatly deformed, and a relaxation area is generated in a certain depth range on the surface layer of the excavated surface. If the support is not carried out in time, the displacement of the surrounding rock of the part is gradually enlarged to cause instability; if the support is timely, the deformation development of the tunnel can be inhibited, the expansion of a relaxation area is limited, and the tunnel and the cavern are kept in a stable state. The deep tunnel is usually supported by embedding anchor rods in the rock mass, and the unstable rock mass on the surface layer is anchored by utilizing the deep stable rock mass to control the large deformation of the surrounding rock.
The existing anchor rods are various in forms, including grouting anchor rods, mechanical anchor rods and the like. However, in a soft rock stratum, because the ultimate bonding strength of grouting bodies of the anchoring sections of the grouting anchor rods and the soft rock is low, the anchoring sections are often required to be long, the corresponding drilling depth, grouting volume and the like are greatly improved, the manufacturing cost is increased, and the anchoring effect is not ideal; for mechanical anchor rods, the existing wedge seam type anchor rods, inverted wedge type anchor rods and expansion shell type anchor rods mainly utilize the frictional resistance of anchor heads and rock walls to provide anchoring force, and because the pressure provided by the anchor rods to the rock walls is small, the frictional resistance on the interfaces of the anchor heads and the rock walls is also relatively small, and meanwhile, the frictional resistance is gradually reduced along with the deformation of soft rock, so that the anchoring effect is poor.
The soft rock has the characteristics of low strength and certain deformation under the action of pressure, the existing anchor rod technology has unsatisfactory effect when used for reinforcing the soft rock, and cannot exert expected anchoring force to control large deformation of surrounding rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and an application method thereof, aiming at the defects of the existing rock anchor rod when applied to soft rock reinforcement, the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state is sent into a drilled hole to design an anchoring position, the fixing of an anchor head, the opening of an anchor sheet and the occlusion of the anchor sheet and a rock wall are realized through the steps of jacking, rotating and tensioning, the anchor rod is locked after the preset anchoring force is reached, the ultimate shear strength on an anchor-rock interface is improved by increasing the confining pressure borne by soft rock, and then the larger anchoring force is obtained.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an inner-anchored telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement comprises an anchor head and a restraining end, wherein the anchor head comprises an anchor rod, an upper horizontal limiting sliding block, a frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and an anchor sheet; the constraint end comprises a lower horizontal limit sliding block and a bottom fixing block; the anchor rod penetrates through a through hole in the middle of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block to be connected with the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block, the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and the anchor piece are mutually attached inside, and extrusion and sliding between the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and the anchor piece are realized through the cylindrical roller; the upper end and the lower end of the anchor piece are respectively embedded into the horizontal sliding chutes of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block; the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is connected with the bottom of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block in a vertical sliding mode, the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is connected with the bottom fixing block, fixing teeth extending out by the lower horizontal limiting sliding block in a rotating mode are arranged on the bottom fixing block, the anchor head and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block are driven to rotate together when the anchor rod is rotated, the fixing teeth on the bottom fixing block extend out to be embedded into a drill hole rock wall, and the constraint end is fixed to the bottom of a drill hole.
Furthermore, four first horizontal sliding grooves similar to key hole shapes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block, and the upper end of the anchor piece is embedded into the first horizontal sliding groove of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block 4 and used for limiting the anchor piece to be vertically separated, so that the anchor piece horizontally stretches and contracts along the first horizontal sliding groove; the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is uniformly provided with four second horizontal sliding grooves similar to key hole shapes, and the lower end of the anchor piece is embedded into the second horizontal sliding grooves of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block and used for limiting the anchor piece to be vertically separated from the lower horizontal limiting sliding block so that the anchor piece can be horizontally opened and contracted along the second horizontal sliding grooves.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the anchor sheet is a cylindrical surface, and the outer surface of the anchor sheet is provided with a friction increasing layer.
Furthermore, the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block is a hexahedron with a square cross section and a small top and a large bottom, rectangular sliding rails are arranged in the middle of the four inclined planes, cylindrical rollers which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the sliding rails, and the height of each cylindrical roller is slightly higher than that of each rectangular sliding rail, so that rolling friction between the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and the anchor sheet is realized.
Furthermore, the inclination angles of the four inclined planes of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block are 75-85 degrees.
Furthermore, the inner surface of the anchor piece is tightly attached to the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and can slide relatively along the rectangular sliding rail and the roller of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block; the anchor piece can slide along the horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block to realize radial expansion or contraction.
Furthermore, the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is an irregular circular-section metal component with a variable section, the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is a toothed cylinder, the lower horizontal limiting sliding block can vertically extend and retract in a toothed cylindrical hole matched with the bottom of the frustum-shaped sliding block but cannot relatively rotate, and the vertical extension and retraction has certain damping to prevent uncontrolled disconnection; the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is a four-corner windmill-shaped rotating disc which is embedded into the bottom fixing block.
Further, a circular groove is formed in the bottom fixing block and used for the rotation of the rotary table; the four sides of the rotary disc are respectively propped against a piece of fixed teeth, and the fixed teeth can only move along the radial direction in the bottom fixed block.
Furthermore, the lower end of the bottom fixing block is provided with a conical bulge which is in contact with the bottom of the hole to be extruded and positioned in use.
An application method of the internal anchoring type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement comprises the following steps:
step one, after drilling to a preset depth by using drilling equipment, stretching an anchor head, a constraint end and an anchor rod of an internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state into an anchor hole, and continuously connecting a long anchor rod until the anchor rod reaches the bottom of the hole;
secondly, abutting the restraining end of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod against a hole bottom rock mass to enable the conical protrusion of the bottom fixing block to tightly bite the bottom rock mass, rotating the anchor rod to drive the anchor head and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block to rotate together, enabling the fixing teeth to be stabbed out, embedding the fixing teeth into the rock wall of the drilled hole, and fixing the restraining end on the bottom of the drilled hole;
step three, stretching the anchor rod outwards, wherein under the fixing action of the lower horizontal limiting slide block, the anchor piece cannot move upwards along with the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block, the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block is forced to extrude the anchor piece to be expanded, and the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block is separated from the lower horizontal limiting slide block until the outer wall of the anchor piece is in contact with the hole wall to be extruded;
and fourthly, installing a bearing plate and a tensioning and locking device outside the drilled hole, tensioning the anchor rod, and locking when the jack pressure gauge displays that the tension force reaches a preset anchoring force, so that the construction is finished.
Compared with the prior reinforcing technology, the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for reinforcing soft rock provided by the invention has the following improvements and advantages:
(1) the invention forces the anchor sheet to expand and extrude the rock body by drawing the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block, applies larger confining pressure to the soft rock, further expands and extrudes the anchor sheet along with the deformation of the surrounding rock after tensioning and locking, provides larger confining pressure, improves the ultimate shear strength on the anchor-rock interface by utilizing the compressive strength of the soft rock, and the ultimate shear strength is far higher than the ultimate bonding strength of the grouting anchor body and the rock body and the ultimate frictional resistance of the common mechanical anchor body and the rock body, thereby obtaining larger anchoring force through the interface shear and realizing the reinforcement of the soft rock;
(2) the anchor sheet of the anchor head has scalability, the expansion deformation of the anchor sheet can extrude soft rock to provide larger compressive stress during tensioning, so that the surrounding pressure is improved, the anchor sheet can adapt to the deformation of the soft rock by further expanding during the deformation of the soft rock after being locked, larger surrounding pressure is actively applied to provide larger anchoring force, and the anchor sheet has larger deformation and initiative compared with the original anchor rod;
(3) auxiliary equipment is not needed in the installation process, positioning and fixing of the anchor head, opening of the anchor sheet and occlusion of the anchor sheet and the rock wall can be realized through jacking, rotation and tensioning, the operation is simple, and the construction speed is high;
(4) the invention belongs to a mechanical anchor rod, grouting is not needed, the anchoring force can be provided after the installation is finished, the anchoring efficiency is high, and the anchor rod is not influenced by grouting quality and age;
(5) the anchor head is closed initially and is opened only during tensioning, so that the anchor head is applicable to any installation anchoring angle and is used for reinforcing the soft rock of the full section of the tunnel and the cavern.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a middle sectional view illustrating a collapsed state of an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an external structural view of an internal anchoring type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a middle sectional view illustrating an installation process of an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view illustrating a rotated state and (b) is a schematic view illustrating an expanded state;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of an internally anchored telescopic anchor shank frustum of the present invention for soft rock reinforcement, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a bottom view;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the internal rotation process of the restraining end of the inner-anchored telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view before rotation, and (b) is a schematic view after rotation.
In the figure: 1-anchor head; 2-a constrained end; 3, anchoring the bolt; 4-upper horizontal limit sliding block, 4.1-horizontal sliding chute; 5, a frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block; 6-roller; 7, anchor sheet; 8-friction increasing layer; 9-lower horizontal limit slider; 9.1-horizontal chute; 10-bottom fixed block; 11-a turntable; 12-fixing the teeth; 13-a conical projection; 14-screw thread; 15-a rectangular slide rail; 16-cylindrical hole with teeth.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention provides an internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement, including an anchor head 1 and a restraint end 2, where the anchor head 1 includes an anchor rod 3, an upper horizontal limiting slide block 4, a frustum-shaped slide block 5, a roller 6, an anchor sheet 7 and a friction increasing layer 8; the restraint end 2 comprises a lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 and a bottom fixing block 10.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the anchor rod 3 is a steel bar or a steel pipe (which may be made of steel strands), and the bottom end of the anchor rod 3 passes through a through hole in the middle of the upper horizontal limiting slider 4 and then is connected to the top end of the frustum pyramid-shaped slider 5.
The middle of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block 4 is provided with a round hole, the periphery of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block is uniformly provided with four first horizontal sliding grooves 4.1 similar to key hole shapes, and the upper end of the anchor piece 7 is embedded into the first horizontal sliding grooves 4.1 of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block 4 and used for limiting the anchor piece 7 to be vertically separated, so that the anchor piece 7 horizontally stretches and contracts along the first horizontal sliding grooves 4.1.
The frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 is a hexahedron with a square cross section and a small upper part and a large lower part, the middle parts of the four inclined planes are provided with rectangular slide rails 15, the rectangular slide rails 15 are provided with a plurality of cylindrical rollers 6 which are arranged in parallel, the cylindrical rollers 6 are metal solid cylinders, and the height of the cylindrical rollers is slightly higher than that of the rectangular slide rails 15 and is used for realizing rolling friction between the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 and the anchor piece 7; the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 and the anchor sheet 7 are mutually attached inside, and the inclination angle of the frustum pyramid inclined plane of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 is 75-85 degrees.
The outer surface of the anchor sheet 7 is a cylindrical surface, and the outer surface is provided with a friction increasing layer 8 which can be arranged in a nicking way, a sand blasting way and the like and is used for improving the roughness of the surface; the inner surface of the anchor piece 7 is tightly attached to the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 and can slide relative to the cylindrical roller 6 along the rectangular sliding rail 15 of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5.
Referring to fig. 5, the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9 is a metal member with an irregular circular cross section and a variable cross section, and the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is a toothed cylinder which can extend up and down in a toothed cylindrical hole 16 matched with the bottom of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 but cannot rotate relatively, and the up-and-down extension has certain damping to prevent uncontrolled disengagement; four second horizontal sliding grooves 9.1 similar to key hole shapes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9, and the lower end of the anchor piece 7 is embedded into the second horizontal sliding grooves 9.1 of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9 and used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor piece 7 so that the anchor piece can be horizontally opened and contracted along the second horizontal sliding grooves 9.1; the anchor piece 7 can horizontally slide along the horizontal sliding grooves (4.1 and 9.1) of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block 4 and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9 to realize radial expansion or contraction. The lower end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 is provided with a four-corner windmill-shaped rotating disk 11 which is embedded into the bottom fixing block 10.
A circular groove is formed in the bottom fixing block 10 and used for the rotation of the rotary table 11; the four sides of the turntable 11 are respectively abutted against a piece of fixed teeth 12, and the fixed teeth 12 can only move along the radial direction in the bottom fixed block 10; the lower end of the bottom fixing block 10 is provided with a conical bulge 13 which is in contact with the bottom of the hole to be extruded and positioned in use; during installation, the rotary table 11 is rotated, four sides of the rotary table 11 are designed into a shape with gradually extending radian, and the arc-shaped edges of the four sides push the corresponding fixed teeth 12 along the radial direction in the rotating process, so that the fixed teeth 12 can be extruded out of the bottom fixing block 10 to be embedded into a rock wall, and the bottom of the anchor head is fixed.
The invention has three operation forms in the installation process, namely jacking, rotating and tensioning, corresponding to three states, namely (a) and (b) in the figures 1 and 3, respectively, wherein the anchor head 1 jacks the bottom of a drill hole during jacking operation to realize anchor head positioning, and all components are in a furled state; during the rotation operation, the fixed teeth 12 are stabbed out, and the constraint end 2 is fixed; during stretching operation, the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5 moves upwards to force the anchor piece 7 to be opened, the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9 and the upper horizontal limiting sliding block 4 limit the anchor piece 7 to be opened only along the radial direction and cannot move upwards along with the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block 5, so that the opening of the anchor piece is realized, and the rock wall is extruded to obtain anchoring force.
The principle of the invention for reinforcing soft rock is that the anchor sheet extrudes the soft rock wall to improve the confining pressure sigma on the rock body3The strength of the rock obeys the Mokoku Strength criterion, in the stress Moore circle, σ3When the shear stress tau is not changed, the molar circle is far from the failure surface, and the corresponding limit shear stress tau is brokenuLarger, therefore, the shear strength tau of the rock on the interface is correspondingly increased, the bearing capacity is further increased, and the obtained anchoring forceAnd correspondingly becomes larger.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an application method of the internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement, which comprises the following steps (taking a soft rock tunnel as an example):
step one, after drilling to a preset depth at a preset supporting position of a tunnel by using drilling equipment, extending an anchor head 1, a constraint end 2 and an anchor rod 3 of an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state into an anchor hole, and continuously connecting a long anchor rod 3 until the anchor rod reaches the bottom of the hole;
secondly, the restraining end 2 of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod is abutted against a hole bottom rock body, so that the conical protrusion 13 of the bottom fixing block 10 bites the bottom rock body, the anchor rod 3 is rotated to drive the anchor head 1 and the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 to rotate together, the fixing teeth 12 are pierced out and embedded into the rock wall of the drilled hole, and the restraining end 2 is integrally fixed at the bottom of the drilled hole;
step three, stretching the anchor rod 3 outwards, wherein under the fixing action of the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9, the anchor piece 7 cannot move upwards along with the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block 5, so that the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block 5 is forced to extrude the anchor piece 7 to be expanded, and the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block 5 is separated from the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 until the outer wall of the anchor piece 7 is in contact with the hole wall to be extruded;
fourthly, installing a bearing plate and a tensioning and locking device outside the drilled hole, tensioning the anchor rod 3, and locking when a jack pressure gauge displays that the tension reaches a preset anchoring force, so that the construction is finished;
and step five, moving the equipment, drilling a hole at the next preset supporting position, repeating the steps from one step to four until the anchor rod supporting at the section of the tunnel is completed, and transferring to the next section for supporting construction.
According to the invention, the confining pressure borne by the rock mass is improved by extruding the rock mass through the anchor sheet, so that the shear-resistant bearing capacity on the contact interface of the anchor head and the rock mass is improved, and the anchoring force is obtained by utilizing the larger shear force of the interface; after the locking, the prismoid-shaped sliding block is driven to slide in the process of large deformation of the surrounding rock, so that the anchor sheet is further forced to extrude the rock body, the telescopic anchor head is realized, larger surrounding pressure and interface shear-resistant bearing capacity are obtained simultaneously, and larger anchoring force is provided to control the deformation of the surrounding rock.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a scalable stock of interior anchor formula for soft rock is consolidated, includes anchor head (1) and restraint end (2), its characterized in that: the anchor head (1) comprises an anchor rod (3), an upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4), a frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) and an anchor sheet (7); the restraint end (2) comprises a lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) and a bottom fixing block (10); the anchor rod (3) penetrates through a through hole in the middle of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4) to be connected with the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5), the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) and the anchor piece (7) are mutually attached inside, and extrusion and sliding between the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block and the anchor piece are realized through the cylindrical roller (6); the upper end and the lower end of the anchor piece (7) are respectively embedded into horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4) and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9); lower horizontal limit slider (9) upper end and frustum of a prism shape slider (5) bottom sliding connection from top to bottom, the lower extreme is connected with bottom fixed block (10), be equipped with on bottom fixed block (10) and restrict fixed tooth (12) that slider (9) rotary drive stretches out by lower horizontal limit, drive anchor head (1) and lower horizontal limit slider (9) and rotate together during rotatory stock (3) for fixed tooth (12) on bottom fixed block (10) stretch out embedding drilling cliff, will restrict end (2) and be fixed in the drilling bottom.
2. An internally anchored telescopic anchor for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 1, wherein: four first horizontal sliding grooves (4.1) similar to key hole shapes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4), and the upper end of the anchor piece (7) is embedded into the first horizontal sliding grooves (4.1) of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4) and used for limiting the anchor piece (7) to be vertically separated, so that the anchor piece (7) horizontally opens and contracts along the first horizontal sliding grooves (4.1); the periphery of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) is uniformly provided with four second horizontal sliding grooves (9.1) similar to key hole shapes, and the lower end of the anchor piece (7) is embedded into the second horizontal sliding grooves (9.1) of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) and used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor piece (7) and enabling the anchor piece to horizontally open and contract along the second horizontal sliding grooves (9.1).
3. An internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the anchor sheet (7) is a cylindrical surface, and the outer surface of the anchor sheet (7) is provided with a friction increasing layer (8).
4. An internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 1, wherein: the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) is a hexahedron with a square cross section and a small upper part and a large lower part, rectangular sliding rails (15) are arranged in the middle of the four inclined planes, cylindrical rollers (6) which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the sliding rails, and the height of each cylindrical roller (6) is slightly higher than that of each rectangular sliding rail, so that rolling friction between the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) and the anchor piece (7) is realized.
5. An internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 4, wherein: the inclination angles of the four inclined planes of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) are 75-85 degrees.
6. An internally anchored telescopic anchor for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 4, wherein: the inner surface of the anchor piece (7) is tightly attached to the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) and can slide relative to the roller (6) along the rectangular sliding rail (15) of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5); the anchor piece (7) can slide along the horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4) and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) to realize radial expansion or contraction.
7. An internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 1, wherein: the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) is a metal component with an irregular circular cross section and a variable cross section, the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block is a cylinder with teeth, the lower horizontal limiting sliding block can vertically extend and retract in a toothed cylindrical hole matched with the bottom of the frustum pyramid-shaped sliding block (5) but cannot relatively rotate, and the vertical extension and retraction has certain damping to prevent uncontrolled disconnection; the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) is provided with a four-corner windmill-shaped turntable (11) which is embedded into the bottom fixing block (10).
8. An internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 7, wherein: a circular groove is formed in the bottom fixing block (10) and used for the rotation of the rotary table (11); the four edges of the rotary disc (11) are respectively propped against a piece of fixed teeth (12), and the fixed teeth (12) can only move along the radial direction in the bottom fixed block (10).
9. An internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as defined in claim 8, wherein: the lower end of the bottom fixing block (10) is provided with a conical bulge (13) which is in contact with the bottom of the hole to be extruded and positioned in use.
10. A method of using an internally anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to any one of claims 1-9, characterised by the steps of:
step one, after drilling to a preset depth by using drilling equipment, stretching an anchor head (1), a constraint end (2) and an anchor rod (3) of an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state into an anchor hole, and continuously connecting a long anchor rod (3) until the anchor rod reaches the bottom of the hole;
secondly, abutting the restraint end (2) of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod against a hole bottom rock body to enable the conical protrusion (13) of the bottom fixing block (10) to bite the bottom rock body tightly, rotating the anchor rod (3) to drive the anchor head (1) and the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) to rotate together, enabling the fixing teeth (12) to be pierced out, embedding the fixing teeth into the rock wall of the drilled hole, and fixing the restraint end (2) at the bottom of the drilled hole;
step three, the anchor rod (3) is stretched outwards, under the fixing action of the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9), the anchor piece (7) cannot move upwards along with the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block (5), the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block (5) is forced to extrude the anchor piece (7) to be opened, and the frustum pyramid-shaped slide block (5) is separated from the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) until the outer wall of the anchor piece (7) is in contact with the hole wall to be extruded;
and fourthly, installing a bearing plate and a tensioning and locking device outside the drilled hole, tensioning the anchor rod (3), and locking when the jack pressure gauge displays that the tension reaches a preset anchoring force, so that the construction is finished.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210220773.5A CN114607428B (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210220773.5A CN114607428B (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114607428A true CN114607428A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
| CN114607428B CN114607428B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210220773.5A Active CN114607428B (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2022-03-08 | Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method |
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