CN114607428B - Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method - Google Patents
Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114607428B CN114607428B CN202210220773.5A CN202210220773A CN114607428B CN 114607428 B CN114607428 B CN 114607428B CN 202210220773 A CN202210220773 A CN 202210220773A CN 114607428 B CN114607428 B CN 114607428B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides an inner-anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and an application method, wherein the inner-anchor type telescopic anchor rod comprises an anchor head and a constraint end; the anchor head comprises an anchor rod, an upper horizontal limit sliding block, a prismatic table sliding block and an anchor sheet; the constraint end comprises a lower horizontal limit sliding block and a bottom fixing block. The prismatic table-shaped sliding block and the anchor sheet are mutually attached in the interior, and extrusion and sliding between the prismatic table-shaped sliding block and the anchor sheet are realized through rollers; the upper and lower horizontal limit sliding blocks can only be opened along the radial direction. During installation, the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod in the closed state stretches into the anchor hole, the bottom fixing block is propped against the bottom of the hole, the anchor rod is rotated, the anchor head is driven to rotate, fixing teeth around the bottom fixing block are penetrated out, then the anchor rod is stretched, the prismatic table sliding is driven to upwards push the anchor sheet to radially open and extrude with the hole wall, and anchoring force is provided. According to the invention, the confining pressure of the soft rock is increased, so that the ultimate shear strength of an anchor-rock interface is improved, and further, a larger anchoring force is obtained, so that the deformation of the rock mass can be restrained, and the stability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass reinforcement, in particular to an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and an application method thereof.
Background
After the deep soft rock cavity is excavated, peripheral surrounding rocks are displaced towards the temporary surface, so that larger deformation is generated, and a relaxation area is generated within a certain depth range of the surface layer of the excavated surface. If the support is not timely carried out, the displacement of the surrounding rock is gradually enlarged to cause instability; if the support is timely, the deformation development of the support can be restrained, the expansion of the relaxation area is limited, and the tunnel and the chamber are kept in a stable state. The deep tunnel is usually supported by embedding an anchor rod in the rock mass, the unstable rock mass on the surface layer is anchored by the deep stable rock mass, and the large deformation of surrounding rock is controlled.
The prior anchor rod has various forms, including grouting anchor rod, mechanical anchor rod, etc. However, in the soft rock stratum, because the ultimate bonding strength between the grouting body of the grouting anchor rod anchoring section and the soft rock is smaller, the length of the anchoring section is often required to be very long, the corresponding drilling depth, grouting volume and the like are greatly improved, and the anchoring effect is not ideal while the manufacturing cost is increased; for mechanical anchor rods, the existing wedge-type anchor rods, inverted wedge-type anchor rods and expansion shell type anchor rods mainly utilize the frictional resistance between an anchor head and a rock wall to provide anchoring force, and as the pressure provided by the anchor rods to the rock wall is smaller, the frictional resistance on the interface between the anchor head and the rock wall is relatively smaller, and meanwhile, the frictional resistance is gradually reduced along with the deformation of soft rock, so that the anchoring effect is poor.
The soft rock has the characteristics of lower strength and certain deformation under the action of pressure, the effect is not ideal when the existing anchor rod technology is used for reinforcing the soft rock, and the expected anchoring force cannot be exerted to control the large deformation of the surrounding rock.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing rock anchor rod when being applied to soft rock reinforcement, the invention provides an inner-anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and an application method thereof, the inner-anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state is sent into a designed anchoring position in a drill hole, the steps of jacking, rotating and tensioning are adopted to realize the fixation of an anchor head, the opening of an anchor sheet and the occlusion of the anchor sheet and a rock wall, the anchor rod is locked after the preset anchoring force is reached, the limit shear strength on an anchor-rock interface is improved by increasing the confining pressure born by the soft rock, and the larger anchoring force is obtained.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
An inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement comprises an anchor head and a constraint end, wherein the anchor head comprises an anchor rod, an upper horizontal limit sliding block, a prismatic table-shaped sliding block and an anchor sheet; the constraint end comprises a lower horizontal limit sliding block and a bottom fixing block; the anchor rod passes through a through hole in the middle of the upper horizontal limiting slide block and is connected with the prismatic table slide block, the prismatic table slide block and the anchor sheet are mutually attached in the interior, and extrusion and sliding between the prismatic table slide block and the anchor sheet are realized through cylindrical rollers; the upper end and the lower end of the anchor sheet are respectively embedded into horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block; the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block is connected with the bottom of the prismatic table slide block in a vertical sliding mode, the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block is connected with the bottom fixing block, fixed teeth extending out through the rotation driving of the lower horizontal limiting slide block are arranged on the bottom fixing block, the anchor head is driven to rotate together with the lower horizontal limiting slide block when the anchor rod is rotated, the fixed teeth on the bottom fixing block extend out to be embedded into the rock wall of a drilling hole, and the constraint end is fixed at the bottom of the drilling hole.
Further, four first horizontal sliding grooves similar to key holes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block, and the upper ends of the anchor sheets are embedded into the first horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block 4 and used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor sheets, so that the anchor sheets horizontally expand and contract along the first horizontal sliding grooves; four second horizontal sliding grooves similar to key holes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block, and the lower ends of the anchor sheets are embedded into the second horizontal sliding grooves of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block and used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor sheets so that the anchor sheets horizontally expand and contract along the second horizontal sliding grooves.
Further, the outer surface of the anchor sheet is a cylindrical surface, and an friction increasing layer is arranged on the outer surface of the anchor sheet.
Further, the prismatic table-shaped sliding block is a hexahedron with a square section and a small upper part and a big lower part, rectangular sliding rails are arranged in the middle of the four inclined planes, cylindrical rollers which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the sliding rails, and the height of each cylindrical roller is slightly higher than that of each rectangular sliding rail and is used for realizing rolling friction between the prismatic table-shaped sliding block and the anchor sheet.
Further, the inclination angles of the four inclined planes of the prismatic table-shaped sliding block are 75-85 degrees.
Furthermore, the inner surface of the anchor sheet is tightly attached to the prismatic sliding block and can slide relatively along the rectangular sliding rail and the roller of the prismatic sliding block; the anchor sheet can slide along the horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block to realize radial expansion or contraction.
Further, the lower horizontal limiting slide block is an irregular circular section metal component with a variable section, the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block is a cylinder with teeth, and the lower horizontal limiting slide block can stretch up and down in a toothed cylinder hole matched with the bottom of the prismatic table slide block, but cannot rotate relatively, and the upper and lower stretching has certain damping to prevent uncontrolled detachment; the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block is a quadrangular windmill-shaped turntable which is embedded into the bottom fixing block.
Further, a circular groove is formed in the bottom fixing block and used for enabling the turntable to rotate; the turntable is propped against a fixed tooth on four sides, and the fixed tooth can only move along the radial direction in the bottom fixed block.
Furthermore, the lower end of the bottom fixing block is provided with a conical bulge, and the conical bulge is in contact with the hole bottom for extrusion positioning in use.
An application method of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement comprises the following steps:
firstly, drilling holes to a preset depth by using drilling equipment, and extending the anchor head, the constraint end and the anchor rod of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state into an anchor hole, and continuously connecting the long anchor rod until reaching the bottom of the hole;
Step two, the restraining end of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod is propped against the rock mass at the bottom of the hole, so that the conical bulge of the bottom fixing block bites the rock mass at the bottom, the anchor rod is rotated to drive the anchor head and the lower horizontal limiting slide block to rotate together, so that the fixing teeth are penetrated out and embedded into the rock wall of the hole, and the restraining end is wholly fixed at the bottom of the hole;
Step three, stretching the anchor rod outwards, wherein under the fixing action of the lower horizontal limiting slide block, the anchor sheet cannot move upwards along with the prismatic table slide block, so that the prismatic table slide block is forced to squeeze the anchor sheet to open, and the prismatic table slide block is separated from the lower horizontal limiting slide block until the outer wall of the anchor sheet is contacted and squeezed with the hole wall;
And fourthly, installing a bearing plate and a tensioning and locking device outside the drilled hole, tensioning the anchor rod, locking when the jack pressure gauge displays the tension to reach the preset anchoring force, and completing construction.
Compared with the prior reinforcement technology, the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement provided by the invention has the following improvements and advantages:
(1) According to the invention, the prismatic sliding block is pulled to force the anchor sheets to open and squeeze the rock mass, larger surrounding pressure is applied to the soft rock, the anchor sheets are further opened and squeezed along with deformation of the surrounding rock after tensioning and locking, larger surrounding pressure is provided, the compressive strength of the soft rock is utilized to improve the ultimate shear strength on an anchor-rock interface, the ultimate shear strength is far higher than the ultimate bonding strength between the grouting body of the grouting anchor and the rock mass and the ultimate friction between the common mechanical anchor and the rock mass, so that larger anchoring force is obtained through interface shearing, and the reinforcement of the soft rock is realized;
(2) The anchor sheets of the anchor heads have retractility, and the expansion deformation of the anchor sheets can squeeze soft rock to provide larger compressive stress when the anchor sheets are tensioned, so that the confining pressure is improved, the anchor sheets are further expanded to adapt to the deformation of the soft rock when the soft rock is deformed after locking, and larger confining pressure is actively applied to provide larger anchoring force, so that the anchor sheets have larger deformation and initiative compared with the prior anchor rods;
(3) Auxiliary equipment is not needed in the installation process, the positioning and fixing of the anchor head, the opening of the anchor sheet and the engagement of the anchor sheet and the rock wall can be realized through jacking, rotating and tensioning, the operation is simple, and the construction speed is high;
(4) The invention belongs to a mechanical anchor rod, grouting is not needed, the anchoring force can be provided after the installation is finished, the anchoring efficiency is high, and the grouting anchor rod is not influenced by grouting quality and age;
(5) The anchor head is closed initially and only is opened during tensioning, so that the anchor head can be suitable for any installation and anchoring angle and is used for reinforcing full-section soft rock of tunnels and caverns.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view in cross-section of a collapsed inner anchor type telescoping bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the external appearance of an inner anchor type telescopic rock bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view in cross-section of an installation process of an inner anchor type retractable bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view in a rotated state and (b) is a schematic view in an opened state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an internal anchor type telescoping bolt prismatic frustum-shaped slider for soft rock reinforcement of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a bottom view;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the internal rotation process of the restraining end of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view before rotation and (b) is a schematic view after rotation.
In the figure: 1-anchor head; 2-a constraint end; 3-anchor rod; 4-upper horizontal limit sliding blocks and 4.1-horizontal sliding grooves; 5-prismatic table shaped slide blocks; 6-a roller; 7, anchor sheets; 8-a friction increasing layer; 9-a lower horizontal limit slide block; 9.1-a horizontal chute; 10-a bottom fixing block; 11-a turntable; 12-fixed teeth; 13-conical protrusions; 14-thread; 15-rectangular slide rails; 16-toothed cylindrical hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention provides an inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement, which comprises an anchor head 1 and a constraint end 2, wherein the anchor head 1 comprises an anchor rod 3, an upper horizontal limit slide block 4, a prismatic table slide block 5, a roller 6, an anchor sheet 7 and a friction increasing layer 8; the restraint end 2 comprises a lower horizontal limit slide 9 and a bottom fixing block 10.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the anchor rod 3 is a steel bar or a steel tube (a steel wire can be twisted), and the bottom end of the anchor rod 3 passes through a through hole in the middle of the upper horizontal limiting slider 4 and then is connected with the top end of the prismatic table slider 5.
The upper horizontal limiting slide block 4 is provided with a round hole in the middle, four first horizontal slide grooves 4.1 similar to a keyhole shape are uniformly formed in the periphery, and the upper ends of the anchor sheets 7 are embedded into the first horizontal slide grooves 4.1 of the upper horizontal limiting slide block 4 and are used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor sheets 7, so that the anchor sheets 7 horizontally expand and contract along the first horizontal slide grooves 4.1.
The prismatic table-shaped sliding block 5 is a hexahedron with a square section and a small upper part and a big lower part, a rectangular sliding rail 15 is arranged in the middle of the four inclined planes, a plurality of cylindrical rollers 6 which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the rectangular sliding rail 15, the cylindrical rollers 6 are solid metal cylinders, and the height of the cylindrical rollers is slightly higher than that of the rectangular sliding rail 15, so that rolling friction between the prismatic table-shaped sliding block 5 and the anchor sheet 7 is realized; the prismatic table slide block 5 and the anchor sheet 7 are mutually attached in the interior, and the inclined plane of the prismatic table slide block 5 has an inclined plane angle of 75-85 degrees.
The outer surface of the anchor sheet 7 is a cylindrical surface, and the outer surface is provided with a friction increasing layer 8 which can be arranged in a way of scoring, sand blasting and the like and is used for improving the roughness of the surface; the inner surface of the anchor sheet 7 is tightly attached to the prismatic table slide block 5, and can slide relatively along the rectangular slide rail 15 and the cylindrical roller 6 of the prismatic table slide block 5.
Referring to fig. 5, the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 is an irregular circular cross section metal member with a variable cross section, the upper end is a toothed cylinder, and can extend up and down in a toothed cylindrical hole 16 matched with the bottom of the prismatic table slide block 5, but cannot rotate relatively, and the up and down extension has a certain damping to prevent uncontrolled detachment; four second horizontal sliding grooves 9.1 similar to key holes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9, and the lower ends of the anchor sheets 7 are embedded into the second horizontal sliding grooves 9.1 of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block 9 and are used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor sheets 7 so as to enable the anchor sheets 7 to horizontally expand and contract along the second horizontal sliding grooves 9.1; the anchor sheet 7 can horizontally slide along the horizontal sliding grooves (4.1 and 9.1) of the upper horizontal limiting slide block 4 and the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 to realize radial expansion or contraction. The lower end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 is provided with a quadrangular windmill-shaped rotary plate 11 which is embedded into the bottom fixing block 10.
A circular groove is formed in the bottom fixed block 10 for rotating the turntable 11; the turntable 11 is propped against a fixed tooth 12 on four sides, and the fixed tooth 12 can only move along the radial direction in the bottom fixed block 10; the lower end of the bottom fixed block 10 is provided with a conical bulge 13 which is contacted with the hole bottom for extrusion positioning in use; when the anchor head is installed, the turntable 11 is rotated, four sides of the turntable 11 are designed into shapes with gradually extending radians, and corresponding fixed teeth 12 are pushed along the radial direction at the arc edges of the four sides in the rotation process, so that the fixed teeth 12 can be extruded out of the bottom fixed block 10, and the fixed teeth are embedded into a rock wall to fix the bottom of the anchor head.
The invention has three operation modes in the installation process, namely jacking, rotating and tensioning, and corresponds to three states, namely (a) and (b) in figures 1 and 3, and the anchor head 1 props against the bottom of a drilling hole during the jacking operation to realize the positioning of the anchor head, and all the components are in a furled state; the fixed teeth 12 are pierced during the rotation operation to fix the restraint end 2; during tensioning operation, the prismatic table slide block 5 moves upwards to force the anchor sheet 7 to open, the lower horizontal limit slide block 9 and the upper horizontal limit slide block 4 limit the anchor sheet 7 to open only along the radial direction, and the anchor sheet cannot move upwards along with the prismatic table slide block 5, so that the anchor sheet is opened, and the rock wall is extruded to acquire the anchoring force.
The principle of reinforcing soft rock is that the anchor sheets squeeze the rock wall of the soft rock to improve the confining pressure sigma 3 borne by the rock body, the strength of the rock is compliant with the molar coulomb strength criterion, in a stress molar circle, sigma 3 is enlarged to cause the molar circle to move to the right side, when the shearing stress tau is unchanged, the molar circle is far away from a breaking surface, the breaking corresponding limit shearing stress tau u is larger, so that the shearing strength tau of the rock on an interface is correspondingly increased, the bearing capacity is further increased, and the obtained anchoring force is correspondingly increased.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an application method of the inner-anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement, which comprises the following steps (taking a soft rock tunnel as an example):
Firstly, drilling holes to a preset depth by using drilling equipment at a preset supporting position of a tunnel, and extending an anchor head 1, a constraint end 2 and an anchor rod 3 of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod in a furled state into an anchor hole, and continuously connecting the long anchor rod 3 until reaching the bottom of the hole;
Step two, the constraint end 2 of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod is propped against a rock mass at the bottom of a hole, so that the conical bulge 13 of the bottom fixing block 10 bites the rock mass at the bottom, the anchor rod 3 is rotated to drive the anchor head 1 and the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 to rotate together, so that the fixing teeth 12 are penetrated out and embedded into the rock wall of the hole, and the constraint end 2 is wholly fixed at the bottom of the hole;
Step three, stretching the anchor rod 3 outwards, wherein under the fixing action of the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9, the anchor sheet 7 cannot move upwards along with the prismatic table slide block 5, so that the prismatic table slide block 5 is forced to squeeze the anchor sheet 7 to open, and the prismatic table slide block 5 is separated from the lower horizontal limiting slide block 9 until the outer wall of the anchor sheet 7 is contacted and squeezed with the hole wall;
Step four, installing a bearing plate and a tensioning and locking device outside the drilling hole, tensioning the anchor rod 3, locking when the jack pressure gauge displays a tensile force reaching a preset anchoring force, and completing construction;
And fifthly, moving equipment, drilling holes at the next preset supporting position, repeating the first to fourth steps until the anchor rod supporting at the section of the tunnel is completed, and transferring to the next section for supporting construction.
According to the invention, the rock mass is extruded by the anchor sheet to improve the confining pressure borne by the rock mass, so that the shearing bearing capacity on the contact interface between the anchor head and the rock mass is improved, and the anchoring force is obtained by utilizing the larger shearing force of the interface; the prismatic table-shaped sliding block is driven to slide in the process of large deformation of surrounding rock after locking, the anchor sheet is further forced to extrude the rock body, larger surrounding pressure and interface shearing bearing capacity are obtained while the anchor head is telescopic, and larger anchoring force is provided for controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock.
The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement, which comprises an anchor head (1) and a constraint end (2), and is characterized in that: the anchor head (1) comprises an anchor rod (3), an upper horizontal limiting slide block (4), a prismatic table-shaped slide block (5) and an anchor sheet (7); the constraint end (2) comprises a lower horizontal limit sliding block (9) and a bottom fixing block (10); the anchor rod (3) passes through a through hole in the middle of the upper horizontal limiting slide block (4) and is connected with the prismatic table slide block (5), the prismatic table slide block (5) and the anchor sheet (7) are mutually attached in the interior, and extrusion and sliding between the prismatic table slide block and the anchor sheet are realized through the cylindrical roller (6); the upper and lower ends of the anchor sheet (7) are respectively embedded into horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting slide block (4) and the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9); the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) is connected with the bottom of the prismatic table slide block (5) in an up-down sliding way, the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block is connected with a bottom fixing block (10), fixing teeth (12) which extend out of the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) in a rotary driving way are arranged on the bottom fixing block (10), the anchor head (1) and the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) are driven to rotate together when the anchor rod (3) is rotated, the fixing teeth (12) on the bottom fixing block (10) extend out of and are embedded into the rock wall of a drilling hole, and the constraint end (2) is fixed at the bottom of the drilling hole; four first horizontal sliding grooves (4.1) similar to key holes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4), and the upper ends of the anchor sheets (7) are embedded into the first horizontal sliding grooves (4.1) of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4) and used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor sheets (7) so that the anchor sheets (7) horizontally expand and contract along the first horizontal sliding grooves (4.1); four second horizontal sliding grooves (9.1) similar to key holes are uniformly formed in the periphery of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9), and the lower ends of the anchor sheets (7) are embedded into the second horizontal sliding grooves (9.1) of the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) and used for limiting the vertical separation of the anchor sheets (7) so that the anchor sheets horizontally expand and contract along the second horizontal sliding grooves (9.1); the prismatic table-shaped sliding block (5) is a hexahedron with a square section and a small upper part and a big lower part, rectangular sliding rails (15) are arranged in the middle of the four inclined planes, cylindrical rollers (6) which are arranged in parallel are arranged on the sliding rails, and the height of each cylindrical roller (6) is slightly higher than that of each rectangular sliding rail, so that rolling friction between the prismatic table-shaped sliding block (5) and the anchor sheet (7) is realized; the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) is an irregular circular section metal member with a variable section, the upper end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block is a cylinder with teeth, and the lower horizontal limiting slide block can stretch up and down in a toothed cylinder hole matched with the bottom of the prismatic table slide block (5) but cannot rotate relatively, and the upper and lower stretching has certain damping to prevent uncontrolled detachment; the lower end of the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) is provided with a quadrangular windmill-shaped rotary plate (11) which is embedded into the bottom fixing block (10).
2. An inner anchor type telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of the anchor sheet (7) is a cylindrical surface, and the outer surface of the anchor sheet (7) is provided with a friction increasing layer (8).
3. An inner anchor type telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein: the inclination angles of the four inclined planes of the prismatic table-shaped sliding block (5) are 75-85 degrees.
4. An inner anchor type telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein: the inner surface of the anchor sheet (7) is tightly attached to the prismatic table-shaped sliding block (5) and can slide relatively along the rectangular sliding rail (15) and the roller (6) of the prismatic table-shaped sliding block (5); the anchor sheet (7) can slide along the horizontal sliding grooves of the upper horizontal limiting sliding block (4) and the lower horizontal limiting sliding block (9) to realize radial expansion or contraction.
5. An inner anchor type telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein: a circular groove is formed in the bottom fixing block (10) for rotating the turntable (11); the turntable (11) is propped against a fixed tooth (12) on four sides, and the fixed tooth (12) can only move along the radial direction in the bottom fixed block (10).
6. An inner anchor type telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement according to claim 5, wherein: the lower end of the bottom fixing block (10) is provided with a conical bulge (13) which is contacted with the hole bottom for extrusion positioning in use.
7. A method of using an inner anchored telescopic bolt for soft rock reinforcement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
firstly, drilling to a preset depth by using drilling equipment, and extending the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod anchor head (1), the constraint end (2) and the anchor rod (3) in a furled state into an anchor hole, and continuously connecting the long anchor rod (3) until reaching the bottom of the hole;
Step two, the constraint end (2) of the inner anchor type telescopic anchor rod is propped against a rock mass at the bottom of a hole, so that a conical bulge (13) of a bottom fixing block (10) bites the rock mass at the bottom, the anchor rod (3) is rotated to drive the anchor head (1) and a lower horizontal limit sliding block (9) to rotate together, so that fixing teeth (12) are penetrated out and embedded into the rock wall of the hole, and the constraint end (2) is wholly fixed at the bottom of the hole;
Stretching the anchor rod (3) outwards, wherein under the fixing action of the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9), the anchor sheet (7) cannot move upwards along with the prismatic table slide block (5), so that the prismatic table slide block (5) is forced to squeeze the anchor sheet (7) to open, and the prismatic table slide block (5) is separated from the lower horizontal limiting slide block (9) until the outer wall of the anchor sheet (7) is contacted and squeezed with the hole wall;
and fourthly, installing a bearing plate and a tensioning and locking device outside the drilled hole, tensioning the anchor rod (3), locking when the jack pressure gauge displays the tensile force reaching the preset anchoring force, and completing the construction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210220773.5A CN114607428B (en) | 2022-03-08 | Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210220773.5A CN114607428B (en) | 2022-03-08 | Internal anchor type telescopic anchor rod for soft rock reinforcement and application method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114607428A CN114607428A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
| CN114607428B true CN114607428B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1110091A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1981-10-06 | Roger M. Hansen | Mine roof or rock bolt expansion anchor of the bail type |
| US4295760A (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1981-10-20 | Warner Clifford C | Rock bolt anchor |
| CN2063978U (en) * | 1990-04-21 | 1990-10-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学所 | Built-up extension anchoring-bolt |
| CA2994061A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-25 | China University Of Mining And Technology | Supporting method of an extensible reaming self-anchoring anchor rod |
| CN110185484A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-30 | 中建隧道建设有限公司 | The combined anchor device and construction method that tunnel wall rock deformation quickly controls |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4295760A (en) * | 1978-04-21 | 1981-10-20 | Warner Clifford C | Rock bolt anchor |
| CA1110091A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1981-10-06 | Roger M. Hansen | Mine roof or rock bolt expansion anchor of the bail type |
| CN2063978U (en) * | 1990-04-21 | 1990-10-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学所 | Built-up extension anchoring-bolt |
| CA2994061A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-25 | China University Of Mining And Technology | Supporting method of an extensible reaming self-anchoring anchor rod |
| CN110185484A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-30 | 中建隧道建设有限公司 | The combined anchor device and construction method that tunnel wall rock deformation quickly controls |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 预应力锚索锚固机理的数值模拟试验研究;丁秀丽, 盛谦, 韩军, 程良奎, 白世伟;岩石力学与工程学报;20020730(07);全文 * |
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