CN114606060A - Method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption - Google Patents
Method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption Download PDFInfo
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- CN114606060A CN114606060A CN202210095004.7A CN202210095004A CN114606060A CN 114606060 A CN114606060 A CN 114606060A CN 202210095004 A CN202210095004 A CN 202210095004A CN 114606060 A CN114606060 A CN 114606060A
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- kitchen waste
- grease
- energy consumption
- recovering
- low energy
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100022624 Glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 chopsticks Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, and discloses a low-energy-consumption high-efficiency method for recovering grease in kitchen waste. The invention comprises three times of treatment to obtain the floatable oil and ester exchange of all the floatable oil. The invention has the beneficial effect that on the premise of ensuring the grease extraction efficiency of the kitchen waste, the energy consumption in the hydrothermal process can be reduced by 35-45%. Meanwhile, the finally collected soluble organic matters of the kitchen waste are greatly improved, and the anaerobic digestion is also well promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption.
Background
A large amount of kitchen waste not only brings a series of serious environmental pollution problems, but also causes the waste of a large amount of biomass energy due to improper treatment. In recent years, based on the demand for renewable energy and the increasingly severe environmental problems, how to efficiently utilize kitchen waste for energy recovery becomes a problem of great concern.
Different components of the kitchen waste have different utilization ways. Wherein, the grease in the kitchen waste is a good substrate for preparing the biodiesel. The biodiesel is produced by using animal and vegetable oil and fat in kitchen waste as raw materials and through reaction modification, and can replace or partially replace petroleum diesel.
However, most of the grease in the kitchen waste exists in solid-phase fat, and is mixed with starch, protein and the like, so that the grease is difficult to obtain directly. The hydro-thermal treatment is an effective pretreatment method, the kitchen waste is heated in a water-containing environment, the structure and the performance of the kitchen waste are improved, and the separation, the recovery and the reutilization of waste oil and fat are facilitated. For example, chinese patent No. ZL201410000823.4 discloses a method for producing biodiesel from kitchen waste, which separates grease from kitchen waste after hydrothermal treatment, and then performs an ester exchange reaction for efficiently catalyzing kitchen grease by using a complex lipase.
Although the reaction of the hydrothermal treatment is rapid and the yield is high, the kitchen waste contains a large amount of water and the contents of starch, protein and the like in the kitchen waste are also very high, so that the hydrothermal treatment has the outstanding problem of high energy consumption.
The existing treatment methods all have the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption.
The method for efficiently recovering the grease in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption comprises the following steps:
s1: removing impurities in the kitchen waste, and then centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste with the impurities removed to remove floatable oil;
s2: adding alpha-amylase, saccharifying enzyme and protease into the kitchen waste obtained in the step S1 to hydrolyze starch, polysaccharide and protein;
s3: centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste subjected to enzyme treatment obtained in the step S2 to remove the floatable oil for the second time;
s4: removing a liquid phase in the kitchen waste, and placing the solid phase obtained in the step S3 into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal treatment;
s5: centrifuging and three-phase separating the kitchen waste subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in the step S4 to remove floatable oil for the third time;
s6: combining the oil slicks removed in three times, and performing ester exchange on all the oil slicks.
Preferably, before the step S2, the pH of the kitchen waste obtained in the step S1 is adjusted to 5-5.5, and the temperature is set to be 50-55 ℃.
Preferably, the concentration of the alpha-amylase added in the step S2 is 10u/g to 16u/g, the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is 90u/g to 100u/g, and the concentration of the protease is 20 u/g to 30u/g, and then the culture is carried out in a constant temperature shaking box for not less than 8 h.
Preferably, the centrifugal rotation speed in the S1 step is 7200r/min to 7500r/min, and the centrifugal time is 8min to 10 min.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the step of S4 is 150 ℃ to 160 ℃ for not less than 60 min.
Preferably, the kitchen waste in the step S1 is rich in carbohydrate and solid phase fat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the method of enzyme-combined hydrothermal treatment is adopted, amylase, saccharifying enzyme and protease are utilized to treat starch, polysaccharide and protein in the kitchen waste, and then solid phase (mainly solid-phase grease, the volume of a hydrothermal treatment object is greatly reduced) is subjected to hydrothermal treatment to extract the grease. By the method, the energy consumption in the hydrothermal process can be reduced by about 35-45% on the premise of ensuring the oil extraction efficiency of the kitchen waste. Meanwhile, the finally collected soluble organic matters of the kitchen waste are greatly improved, and the anaerobic digestion is also well promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variation of the kitchen waste with low solid-phase fat according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a variation of low solid fat kitchen waste according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Implementation mode one
In this embodiment, the carbohydrate, protein and lipid in the kitchen waste to be treated respectively account for about 65%, 15% and 10%, please refer to fig. 2, which shows a method for efficiently recovering the lipid in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption, comprising the following steps:
1. removing impurities in the kitchen waste, such as chopsticks, plastic bags and the like. Taking about 100g of kitchen waste, and centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste to remove floatable oil.
2. And (3) adjusting the pH value of the kitchen waste which is treated and is removed with the floating oil to 5.5, adding 16u/g, 100u/g and 30u/g alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and protease into the kitchen waste respectively, and culturing for 8 hours in a constant-temperature shaking box at 55 ℃.
3. And centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste after enzyme treatment to remove the floatable oil for the second time.
4. And after removing the oil slick, transferring the liquid phase in the kitchen waste, transferring 15g of the residual solid phase into a 500mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting at 160 ℃ for 60min to perform hydrothermal treatment.
5. And (4) after the reaction kettle is cooled after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugation and three-phase separation on the kitchen waste in the step 4 to remove the floatable oil for the third time.
6. Combining the three centrifugations and three-phase separation to obtain about 30mL/kg of floatable oil, and performing ester exchange on the floatable oil.
The result of preparing biodiesel after the treatment in the embodiment mode is that the floatable oil precipitation amount reaches 30mL/kg in the kitchen waste with lower solid-phase fat ratio. In the hydrothermal treatment process, the amount of the treated kitchen waste is 15g, and compared with the method for directly treating 100g of kitchen waste by using hydrothermal treatment, the energy consumption is greatly reduced. In addition, the dissolubility chemical oxygen demand of the kitchen waste is improved by 36%, and the problem of slow hydrolysis of anaerobic digestion of the kitchen waste can be relieved to a certain extent.
Second embodiment
In this embodiment, the carbohydrate, protein and lipid in the kitchen waste to be treated respectively account for about 45%, 10% and 30%, please refer to fig. 3, which shows a method for efficiently recovering the lipid in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption, comprising the following steps:
1. removing impurities in the kitchen waste, such as chopsticks, plastic bags and the like. Taking about 100g of kitchen waste, and centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste to remove floatable oil.
2. And (3) adjusting the pH value of the kitchen waste which is treated and is removed with the floating oil to 5.5, adding 16u/g, 100u/g and 30u/g alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and protease into the kitchen waste respectively, and culturing for 8 hours in a constant-temperature shaking box at 55 ℃.
3. And centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste after enzyme treatment to remove the floatable oil for the second time.
4. And after removing the oil slick, transferring the liquid phase in the kitchen waste, transferring about 35g of the residual solid phase into a 500mL hydrothermal reaction kettle, and reacting at 160 ℃ for 60min to perform hydrothermal treatment.
5. And (4) after the reaction kettle is cooled after the reaction is finished, carrying out centrifugation and three-phase separation on the kitchen waste in the step 4 to remove the floatable oil for the third time.
6. Combining the three centrifugations and three-phase separation to obtain about 96mL/kg of floatable oil, and performing ester exchange on the floatable oil.
The result of preparing biodiesel after the treatment in the embodiment mode is that the floatable oil precipitation amount reaches 96mL/kg in the kitchen waste with lower solid-phase fat ratio. In the hydrothermal treatment process, the amount of the treated kitchen waste is 35g, and compared with the method of directly treating 100g of kitchen waste by using hydrothermal treatment, the energy consumption is greatly reduced. In addition, the dissolubility chemical oxygen demand of the kitchen waste is improved by 42%, and the problem of slow hydrolysis of anaerobic digestion of the kitchen waste can be relieved to a certain extent.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the specific features in any suitable way, and the invention will not be further described in relation to the various possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (6)
1. A low-energy-consumption high-efficiency method for recovering grease in kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: removing impurities in the kitchen waste, and then centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste with the impurities removed to remove floatable oil;
s2: adding alpha-amylase, saccharifying enzyme and protease into the kitchen waste obtained in the step S1 to hydrolyze starch, polysaccharide and protein;
s3: centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste subjected to enzyme treatment obtained in the step S2 to remove the floatable oil for the second time;
s4: removing a liquid phase in the kitchen waste, and placing the solid phase obtained in the step S3 into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal treatment;
s5: centrifuging and separating three phases of the kitchen waste subjected to the hydro-thermal treatment in the step S4 to remove floatable oil for the third time;
s6: combining the removed floatable oil for three times, and performing ester exchange on the whole floatable oil.
2. The method for low-energy consumption and high-efficiency recovery of grease in kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that before the step of S2, the pH of the kitchen waste obtained in the step of S1 is adjusted to 5-5.5, and the temperature is set to 50-55 ℃.
3. The method for recovering the grease in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the alpha-amylase added in the step S2 is 10u/g to 16u/g, the concentration of the saccharifying enzyme is 90u/g to 100u/g, and the concentration of the protease is 20 u/g to 30u/g, and then the mixture is cultured in a constant temperature shaking box for not less than 8 hours.
4. The method for recovering the grease in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the centrifugal rotation speed in the step of S1 is 7200r/min to 7500r/min, and the centrifugal time is 8min to 10 min.
5. The method for recovering the grease in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment in the step S4 is 150 ℃ to 160 ℃ and the time is not less than 60 min.
6. The method for recovering the grease in the kitchen waste with low energy consumption and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste in the step S1 contains abundant carbohydrate and solid phase fat.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210095004.7A CN114606060A (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210095004.7A CN114606060A (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption |
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|---|---|
| CN114606060A true CN114606060A (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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| CN202210095004.7A Pending CN114606060A (en) | 2022-01-26 | 2022-01-26 | Method for efficiently recovering grease in kitchen waste with low energy consumption |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101892272A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-11-24 | 天津科技大学 | Biological method for extracting and preparing industrial grease from catering waste |
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| CN102921704A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 都市高科（北京）环境科技有限公司 | Harmless disposal method of kitchen garbage |
| CN103710158A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-09 | 华南农业大学 | Method for producing biodiesel by using kitchen wastes |
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-
2022
- 2022-01-26 CN CN202210095004.7A patent/CN114606060A/en active Pending
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