CN114602807B - Dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment and method for micro-fine particle materials - Google Patents
Dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment and method for micro-fine particle materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN114602807B CN114602807B CN202210288624.2A CN202210288624A CN114602807B CN 114602807 B CN114602807 B CN 114602807B CN 202210288624 A CN202210288624 A CN 202210288624A CN 114602807 B CN114602807 B CN 114602807B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010332 dry classification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010333 wet classification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/42—Drive mechanisms, regulating or controlling devices, or balancing devices, specially adapted for screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/04—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area from a small area, e.g. a tool
Abstract
The invention discloses a dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device and method for micro-fine materials, belongs to the technical field of micro-fine material screening, and solves the problems that particles block a screening surface and screening environment is deteriorated when materials with the size of 1mm or less are screened in the prior art. The screening equipment comprises a grading excitation device, a negative pressure adsorption device and an undersize material collection device; the grading excitation device comprises an exciter, a screen frame and an elastic screen surface; the mesh size of the elastic screen surface is 1mm; the negative pressure adsorption device is used for forcing materials below 1mm of the upper screen area to enter the lower screen area; the undersize material collecting device is used for collecting 1mm and below micro-particle materials entering the undersize region. The invention realizes the dry screening of materials with the diameter of 1mm and below, and avoids the environmental pollution and the material loss caused by dust in the screening process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fine material screening, in particular to a dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device and method for fine particle materials.
Background
Screening is a classification process of separating loose mixed materials into a plurality of products with different particle sizes according to particle sizes through sieve holes of single-layer or multi-layer sieve surfaces.
In the traditional dry screening process, the screen surface is easy to cause particle blocking; for the viscous wet materials, the viscous fine particles have high content and high external moisture, a covering film is easy to form, the screening process of the paste blocking screen surface is gradually deteriorated, and the aperture ratio and the screening effect of the screen surface are seriously affected. In the dry screening process of the fine-grained materials, a large amount of dust is generated in the screening process due to the large content of the powder materials, so that the environmental pollution and the material loss are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a 1mm dry classification and electrostatic dust removal integrated device for micro-particulate materials, which is used for solving the following problems:
(1) As the lower limit of the classification size of the screening decreases, the content of particles approaching the size of the screen holes increases, and particularly, the conventional screening method is difficult to solve for materials with the particle size range of 1mm and below.
(2) In the dry screening process of the fine-grained materials, a large amount of dust is generated in the screening process due to the large content of the powder materials, so that the environmental pollution and the material loss are caused.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device for micro-fine particle materials, which comprises a classification excitation device, a negative pressure adsorption device and an undersize material collection device;
the grading excitation device comprises an exciter, a screen frame and an elastic screen surface; the vibration exciter and the elastic screen surface are both arranged on the screen frame; the vibration exciter is used for providing exciting force for the screen frame; the mesh size of the elastic screen surface is 1mm;
the negative pressure adsorption device is in flexible connection with the screen frame, is arranged below the elastic screen surface and is used for enabling a pressure difference to be generated between an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface so as to force materials below 1mm of the upper screen area to enter the lower screen area;
the undersize material collecting device is arranged below the elastic screen surface and is used for collecting 1mm of the fine particle materials which enter the undersize region and below.
In one possible design, the graduated flask excitation device further comprises a cradle and a flexible support; one end of the bracket is contacted with the fixed platform or the ground, and the other end is connected with the screen frame through an elastic support.
In one possible design, the negative pressure adsorption device comprises an airflow generating unit, an airflow storage unit, an electrostatic dust removing unit, an adsorption material collecting unit and an airflow conveying unit;
the airflow generating unit, the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorption material collection unit are sequentially connected through the airflow conveying unit; the adsorption material collecting unit is also in flexible connection with the screen frame through the airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit generates negative pressure airflow, and the negative pressure airflow enters the undersize region of the elastic screen surface through the airflow conveying unit after passing through the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust removing unit and the adsorption material collecting unit.
In one possible design, the adsorption material collection unit comprises a first collector and a second collector connected in sequence; the first collector is arranged above the second collector;
the first collector comprises a hollow first upper cone and a first lower cone which are butted to form a closed space, and an inclined first filter screen is arranged in the closed space; the second collector comprises a hollow second upper cone and a second lower cone which are in butt joint to form a closed space, and an inclined second filter screen is arranged in the closed space.
In one possible design, the mesh size of the first filter screen and the second filter screen is less than or equal to 0.05mm;
and taking the horizontal plane as a reference, wherein the inclination angle of the first filter screen is larger than that of the second filter screen.
In one possible design, an electrostatic field area is arranged above the first collector, and the micro-fine particle material adsorbed by the negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure adsorption device passes through the electrostatic field area first;
the electrostatic field region is used to negatively charge the dust particles and separate the dust particles after adsorption.
In one possible design, the elastic screen surface comprises a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces, the plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces are arranged in parallel, and the long side direction of the rectangular unit screen surfaces is perpendicular to the flow direction of the micro-fine particle material;
along the feeding direction of the micro-fine particle materials, the aperture ratio of the unit screen surface is gradually reduced.
In one possible design, the elastic screening surface is arranged obliquely in the feed direction, with the angle of inclination of the elastic screening surface being 3-8 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.
In one possible design, the screening surfaces of the plurality of units are all made of polyurethane material.
In one possible design, the integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of the micro-particulate material further comprises an oversize material processing unit;
the oversize material treatment unit is used for treating the oversize material of the elastic screen surface, and the oversize material is converted into fine particles with the particle size of 1mm or less after treatment.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a screening method integrating the dry classification and the dust removal of the micro-fine particle materials, which adopts the screening equipment integrating the dry classification and the dust removal of the micro-fine particle materials, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, throwing the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device, enabling the micro-fine particle materials to pass through a screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and enabling the micro-fine particle materials with the size of 1mm or below to enter an undersize material collecting device through the elastic screen; the oversize material enters an oversize material treatment unit;
and 2, after being treated by an oversize material treatment unit, the oversize material completely forms 1mm and below micro-particle materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can be used for increasing the sieving capacity of fine-fraction materials by arranging the negative pressure adsorption device, strengthening the sieving effect and optimizing the sieving environment. Through setting up the material collection unit, can retrieve the fine fraction material, avoid material loss.
(2) According to the invention, the electrostatic field is arranged above the first collector, the electrostatic dust collector is arranged below the second collector, and the double electrostatic dust collection design of combining the dust collection in the conveying process and the terminal dust collection is adopted, so that not only can the efficient dust collection be realized, but also the effective separation of dust particles on the screen surface and micro-fine particle minerals can be enhanced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
(3) The grading and dust removing integrated equipment for the micro-particle materials can realize effective separation of micro-particle minerals and dust particles.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the embodiments of the invention particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a left side view of a hierarchical excitation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the hierarchical excitation device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the staged activation device and sorption device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the process for treating oversize material of the present invention, wherein + represents oversize material, -represents undersize material.
Reference numerals:
1-a step-wise excitation device; 2-an elastic screen surface; 3-an air pipe; 4-a first collector; 5-a second collector; 6-a first upper cone; 7-a first filter screen; 8-a first lower cone; 9-a second upper cone; 10 a second filter screen; 11-a second lower cone; 12-an electrostatic precipitator; 13-wind chambers; 14-a fan; 15-vibration exciter; 16-a screen frame; 17-elastic support; 18-a bracket; 19-oversize material; 20-undersize material collection device; 21-feed direction.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the invention, are used to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The material separation mode mainly comprises dry classification and wet classification according to the granularity; wherein, the dry classification mainly comprises dry screening and air cyclone force field classification (air classification); dry screening is mainly carried out by screening equipment, and air classification is mainly carried out by an air rotational flow force field, and the air classification has small processing capacity and huge energy consumption, and restricts the industrial application of large-scale dry classification. Dry screening is therefore an important way to solve the problem of dry classification of industrial mass materials. The problem with dry screening is that the lower limit of the classification granularity of the prior art is only 3mm or 2mm, but 1mm of dry screening cannot be realized.
Compared with the previous 3mm or 2mm dry screening, the invention utilizes the negative pressure adsorption and static electricity effect to carry out 1mm dry screening.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device for micro-fine materials, which comprises a classification excitation device 1, a negative pressure adsorption device and an undersize material collection device; the grading excitation device 1 comprises an exciter 15, a screen frame 16 and an elastic screen surface 2; the vibration exciter 15 and the elastic screen surface 2 are arranged on the screen frame 16; the vibration exciter 15 is used for providing exciting force for the screen frame 16; the mesh size of the elastic screen surface 2 is 1mm; the negative pressure adsorption device is in flexible connection with the screen frame 16, is arranged below the elastic screen surface 2 and is used for enabling the screen upper area and the screen lower area of the elastic screen surface 2 to generate pressure difference so as to force materials below 1mm of the screen upper area to enter the screen lower area; the undersize material collection device 20 is provided below the elastic screen surface 2 for collecting 1mm and below of the fine particle material entering the undersize region.
Specifically, a negative pressure adsorption device is arranged below the elastic screen surface 2, and can introduce negative pressure air flow from below the elastic screen surface 2, so that a pressure difference is generated between an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface 2, and materials with the thickness of 1mm and below on the screen are forced to pass through the screen downwards; simultaneously, because the extrusion of material granule and the sieve mesh deformation of elastic screen surface 2, the card is blocked the sieve mesh granule and is passed through the sieve mesh with higher speed. Because of the influence of moisture, fine particles with the diameter of 1mm are easy to adhere to large particles and cannot pass through the sieve in the traditional sieving process, and compared with the prior art, the invention can promote the dissipation of moisture in the fine particle materials by the action of an airflow force field generated by a negative pressure adsorption device, promote the desorption of the fine particle materials and further pass through the sieve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can provide exciting force for the elastic screen surface 2 by arranging the grading excitation device 1, and promote materials with the diameter of 1mm and below to pass through the screen holes. In addition, since the screen surface of the present invention is the elastic screen surface 2, when the classifying excitation device 1 supplies excitation force to the screen frame 16, micro deformation occurs when the screen holes are stressed, and thus the fine particle material can be promoted to pass through the screen surface, and the screening of the fine particle material can be promoted.
The grading excitation device 1 of the present invention further comprises a stand 18 and an elastic support 17; one end of the bracket 18 is in contact with the fixed platform or the ground, and the other end is connected with the screen frame 16 through an elastic support 17.
In particular, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the grading excitation apparatus 1 of the present invention further comprises a stand 18, the stand 18 comprising a plurality of support legs, for example four support legs, for supporting the screen frame 16 and the screening surface and its screening parts; the bottom ends of the supporting legs are contacted with the ground or a fixed platform, the top ends of the supporting legs are connected with an elastic support 17, and the elastic support 17 is connected with the screen frame 16.
In order to further ensure that 1mm and below micro-particle minerals can smoothly pass through the elastic screen surface 2, the negative pressure adsorption device comprises an airflow generating unit, an airflow storage unit, an electrostatic dust removing unit, an adsorption material collecting unit and an airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit, the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorption material collection unit are sequentially connected through the airflow conveying unit; the adsorption material collecting unit is also in flexible connection with the screen frame 16 through an airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit generates negative pressure airflow, and the negative pressure airflow enters the undersize region of the elastic screen surface 2 through the airflow conveying unit after passing through the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust removing unit and the adsorption material collecting unit.
Specifically, the air flow generating unit of the invention comprises a fan 14, the first electrostatic dust removing unit comprises a dust remover, the air flow storage unit comprises an air chamber 13 or an air bag (equivalent to a buffer device and having a buffer function), and the air flow conveying unit comprises an air pipe 3; the specific working process of the negative pressure adsorption device is as follows: the fan 14 generates negative pressure air flow, and the negative pressure air flow passes through the air chamber 13 or the air bag, the electrostatic precipitator 12 and the adsorption material collecting unit and then is fed below the elastic screen surface 2 of the classifying excitation device 1, so that a pressure difference is formed between the upper side of the elastic screen surface 2 and the lower side of the elastic screen surface 2, and the particle materials with the thickness of 1mm and below are subjected to the action of the negative pressure air flow (downward adsorption force), so that the particles are promoted to permeate through the screen and move to the lower side of the elastic screen surface 2 to become undersize. In the adsorption process of the negative pressure adsorption device, the flow direction of the adsorbed micro-fine particle material is as follows: through the elastic screen surface, enters an electrostatic field area through the air pipe 3, respectively passes through the material adsorption unit after dust removal, is collected after adsorption, and is discharged into negative pressure air flow.
It should be emphasized that in the process of negative pressure air flow adsorption, the adsorption material collecting unit is arranged to collect the material with the size of 1mm or less, in addition, in order to avoid air pollution, the electrostatic precipitator 12 is arranged in the next link of the adsorption material collecting unit, and the electrostatic precipitator 12 is used for removing the micro-fine particle material still adsorbed in the negative pressure air flow after being treated by the adsorption material collecting unit, so that the negative pressure air flow generated by the fan 14 can be discharged into the atmosphere, and meanwhile, air pollution is avoided.
In order to ensure the collection effect of the materials and reduce the materials in the negative pressure airflow as much as possible, the material collection unit comprises a first collector 4 and a second collector 5 which are connected in sequence; the first collector 4 is arranged above the second collector 5; the first collector 4 comprises a hollow first upper cone 6 and a first lower cone 8, the first upper cone 6 and the first lower cone 8 are in butt joint to form a closed space, and an inclined first filter screen 7 is arranged in the closed space; the second collector 5 comprises a hollow second upper cone 9 and a second lower cone 11, the second upper cone 9 and the second lower cone are in butt joint to form an enclosed space, and an inclined second filter screen 10 is arranged in the enclosed space.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the material collecting unit of the present invention includes a first collector 4 and a second collector 5 that are connected, where the first collector 4 is disposed above the second collector 5, the first collector 4 includes a first upper cone 6 and a first lower cone 8 that are hollow, the first upper cone 6 and the first lower cone 8 are butted to form a first hollow cavity, a first filter screen 7 is obliquely disposed in the first hollow cavity, a first scraper collector and a first separation port are disposed on the first filter screen 7, and the first scraper collector moves the material above the first filter screen 7 out of the first upper cone 6 through the first separation port respectively. Likewise, the second collector 5 comprises a second upper cone 9 and a second lower cone 11 which are hollow, the second upper cone 9 and the second lower cone 11 are butted to form a second hollow cavity, a second filter screen 10 is obliquely arranged in the second hollow cavity, a second scraper collector and a second separating opening are arranged on the second filter screen 10, and the second scraper collector moves materials above the second filter screen 10 out of the first upper cone 6 through the second separating opening respectively.
Since the material adsorbed by the negative pressure air flow passes through the first collector 4 first and is partially collected by the first filter screen 7, the concentration of the material in the negative pressure air flow is reduced, and therefore, when the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 are arranged, the inclination angle of the first filter screen 7 is larger than that of the second filter screen 10.
In addition, because the granularity of the materials in the negative pressure air flow is 1mm or less, the mesh aperture of the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 is smaller than or equal to 0.05mm, and the materials smaller than or equal to 0.05mm are adsorbed by the electrostatic precipitator 12, so that the negative pressure air flow after being dedusted by the first electrostatic precipitator can be directly discharged into the atmosphere, and environmental pollution is avoided.
It should be noted that, the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 are elastic filter screens, the first collector 4 and the second collector 5 are connected with a power device, and the power device is used for providing power for the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10, so that the first filter screen 10 vibrates in the working process, and further, materials are filtered and separated more efficiently.
Compared with the prior art, the first collector 4 and the second collector 5 are respectively butted by adopting the upper cone and the lower cone to form the cavity, so that the invalid empty volume in the first collector 4 and the second collector 5 can be reduced, and the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 are obliquely arranged to facilitate scraping.
The pressure difference between the upper screen region and the lower screen region of the elastic screen surface of the present invention is 500Pa to 3000Pa. In addition, in order to ensure the pressure difference range, the second filter screen mesh of the invention is smaller than the first filter screen mesh, and the mesh aperture of the second filter screen is 65% -99% of the mesh aperture of the first filter screen.
It should be emphasized that in the present invention, an electrostatic field area is provided above the first collector 4, which is the last link of the material collecting unit, and the micro-fine particle material absorbed by the negative pressure airflow passes through the electrostatic field area first; the electrostatic field region is used to negatively charge the dust particles, which are separated after adsorption.
Specifically, the purpose of the invention to set the electrostatic field above the adsorption material collection unit is: through adjusting the intensity of the electrostatic field, dust particles are negatively charged, fine particle minerals are prevented from being charged, and then the charged dust particles are adsorbed by the wall of the collector, so that the amount of particles entering the filter screen is reduced, the dust removal effect is enhanced, and the filter screen is prevented from being blocked.
It should be noted that, when the electrostatic field strength is adjusted, the adjustment basis is: the surface charge density of the fine particle mineral is different from that of the dust particle, the surface charge density of the dust particle is larger than that of the fine particle material, the acting force of the electric field is stronger, meanwhile, the mass of the dust particle is smaller than that of the fine particle material, and the dust particle is smaller under the action of gravity, so that the dust particle is mainly subjected to stronger electrostatic force, and therefore, the fine particle mineral and the dust particle are separated.
It is to be noted that the cleaning process of dust particles in the fine particle materials of 1mm and below is as follows: after the integrated screening equipment operates for a period of time, feeding is stopped, and meanwhile, the electric field intensity in the electrostatic field area is reduced, so that adsorbed dust particles are desorbed, and the cleaning of the dust particles is realized.
In order to improve the screening effect of the elastic screen surface 2, the elastic screen surface 2 comprises a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces, wherein the rectangular unit screen surfaces are arranged in parallel, and the long side direction of the rectangular unit screen surfaces is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the micro-fine particle materials; along the feeding direction of the micro-fine particle materials, the aperture ratio of the unit screen surface is gradually reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the elastic screen surface 2 is formed by a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces, and the screen plate is easier to replace and adjust according to the property of screened materials, so that the size of the screen holes is adjusted. Specifically, the size of the sieve holes of the elastic sieve surface 2 can be changed according to actual production requirements, and when the content of fine particle fractions below the sieve is higher, the sieve plate can be changed to reduce the size of the sieve holes so as to adapt to the production requirements; when the content of coarse fraction on the sieve is higher than the requirement, the sieve pore size can be increased by replacing the sieve plate.
It should be noted that the elastic screening surface 2 of the present invention is made of polyurethane material in order to enhance the screening effect. Compared with the prior art, the elastic screen surface 2 is made of polyurethane, and the polyurethane is made of an elastic material, so that the deformation of the screen holes of the elastic screen surface 2 during screening can be ensured, and the blocking of the screen holes by micro-fine particle materials can be avoided.
It should be noted that the elastic screening surface 2 of the present invention is inclined along the feeding direction, and the inclination angle of the elastic screening surface 2 is 3-8 °. The inclination angle of the elastic screening surface 2 is controlled in the range of 3-8 deg. because: the too small inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is not beneficial to the forward movement of the materials in the screening process; when the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is too large, the material stays on the screen surface for a short time, and the material is discharged as an oversize product without passing through the screen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can be used for increasing the sieving capacity of fine-fraction materials by arranging the negative pressure adsorption device, strengthening the sieving effect and optimizing the sieving environment. Through setting up the material collection unit, can retrieve the fine fraction material, avoid material loss.
(2) According to the invention, the electrostatic field is arranged above the first collector 4, and the electrostatic precipitator 12 is arranged below the second collector 5, so that the double electrostatic precipitation design of combining the precipitation in the conveying process and the terminal precipitation can realize high-efficiency precipitation, and meanwhile, the effective separation of dust particles on the screen surface and fine particle minerals can be enhanced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided.
(3) The grading and dust removing integrated equipment for the micro-particle materials can realize effective separation of micro-particle minerals and dust particles.
It should be noted that the dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device for the micro-particulate material also comprises a processing unit for the oversize material 19; the oversize material 19 treatment unit is used for treating the oversize material of the elastic screen surface 2, and the oversize material is converted into fine particles with the particle size of 1mm or less after the treatment.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a screening method integrating the dry classification and the dust removal of the micro-fine particle materials, which adopts the screening equipment integrating the dry classification and the dust removal of the micro-fine particle materials, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, throwing the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device 1, starting a negative pressure adsorption device, enabling the micro-fine particle materials to pass through a screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and enabling the micro-fine particle materials with the size of 1mm or less to enter an undersize material collecting device through the elastic screen under the adsorption action of negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure adsorption device; the oversize material enters an oversize material treatment unit;
and 2, after being treated by an oversize material treatment unit, the oversize material 19 completely forms 1mm and below micro-particle materials.
In step 2 above, the specific handling of the oversize material 19 treatment unit is described in example 1 below.
Example 1
This embodiment provides one possible design of the oversize material handling unit. Specifically, the oversize material handling unit comprises a jaw crusher through which the oversize material 19 is handled prior to handling.
The oversize material processing unit also comprises a first-stage screening mechanism, a second-stage screening mechanism and a third-stage screening mechanism; the first-stage screening mechanism is also directly connected with the third-stage screening mechanism; the first stage screening mechanism comprises first double-layer screening equipment, and the first double-layer screening equipment comprises a first upper-layer screen and a first lower-layer screen; the second stage screening mechanism comprises a second double-layer screening device, and the second double-layer screening device comprises a second upper layer screen and a second lower layer screen; the third-stage screening mechanism comprises single-layer screening equipment, and the single-layer screening equipment comprises a third single-layer screen; the mesh particle sizes of the first lower screen, the second lower screen and the third single screen are all 1mm.
The first double-layer screening device comprises a first upper-layer screen and a first lower-layer screen, wherein the mesh size of the first lower-layer screen is 1mm; the second double-layer screening device comprises a second upper-layer screen and a second lower-layer screen, and the mesh size of the second lower-layer screen is 1mm; the single-layer screening device comprises a third single-layer screen, and the mesh size of the third single-layer screen is also 1mm. The screen surface sizes, the inclination angles and the vibration frequencies of the first upper screen, the first lower screen, the second upper screen, the second lower screen and the third single screen are all equal.
The particle size limit of the dry screening of the fine-grained minerals in the prior art is mainly 3mm and 2mm, and wet screening is mostly adopted for the fine-grained minerals. The wet screening has larger water demand, and the clay minerals are classified to be easy to paste and block the screening surface, thus deteriorating the screening environment. In addition, when the traditional minerals are crushed and screened by raw ores, single vibration screening is adopted, and the screening efficiency is low; the micro-fine mineral enters the crushing and grinding mechanism for many times, so that the phenomenon of over-grinding is easy to occur, and the power consumption of crushing and grinding equipment is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the first-stage screening mechanism, the second-stage screening mechanism and the third-stage screening mechanism form a multi-stage screening mechanism, and the multi-stage screening mechanism adopts multi-stage combination of the first double-layer screening equipment, the second double-layer screening equipment and the third single-layer screening equipment, so that 1mm multi-stage deep screening of the micro-fine mineral can be realized, and the over grinding phenomenon of the micro-fine mineral can be effectively avoided.
In order to crush the oversize of the first upper layer screen, the oversize of the first upper layer screen finally passes through a third-stage screening mechanism, and the first-stage screening mechanism further comprises a crusher; the oversize product of the first upper screen enters a crusher, crushed products and the oversize product of the first lower screen are mixed and enter a second-stage screening mechanism, and the undersize product of 1mm obtained by the first lower screen enters a third-stage screening mechanism.
Specifically, the crusher is connected with the first upper layer screen, the oversize material of the first upper layer screen enters the crusher to be crushed, the obtained crushed product is mixed with the oversize product of the first lower layer screen and enters the second-stage screening mechanism, the undersize product of 1mm obtained by screening of the first lower layer screen directly enters the third-stage screening mechanism, the situation that the part of fine-grained mineral with the diameter smaller than or equal to 1mm enters the second-stage screening mechanism and the third-stage screening mechanism is avoided, the phenomenon of overgrinding is avoided, and the power consumption of the crusher and ore grinding equipment is reduced.
In order to finely divide the oversize product of the second upper layer screen, the oversize product of the second upper layer screen is subjected to closed-circuit dry screening, and finally the oversize product of the second upper layer screen passes through a third-stage screening mechanism; the second double-layer screening device and the cone fine crusher form a first closed-circuit dry screening.
Specifically, the second-stage screening mechanism of the invention further comprises a cone fine crusher, wherein the cone fine crusher, a feeding channel and a discharging channel are connected with a second upper-layer screen, the screened product of the second upper-layer screen enters the cone fine crusher through the feeding channel, after fine crushing, the screened product of the second upper-layer screen returns to the second upper-layer screen through the discharging channel to be screened, the screened product of the second upper-layer screen continuously enters the cone fine crusher, the above process is repeated, the screened product of the second upper-layer screen enters a second lower-layer screen to be screened by 1mm, and the screened product of the 1mm screen enters a third-stage screening mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention ensures that the on-screen product of the second upper screen can be finely crushed and then returned to the second upper screen to enter the third-stage screening mechanism after screening by arranging the cone fine crusher to enable the cone fine crusher and the second double-layer screening equipment to form a first closed-circuit dry screening.
In order to lead the raw ore entering the multistage dry screening system to be finally made into micro-fine particle mineral with the diameter less than or equal to 1mm, the third stage screening mechanism of the invention also comprises an ore grinding machine which is respectively connected with the second lower layer screen and the third single layer screen; the product on the screen of the second lower screen enters an ore grinding machine, and the product after ore grinding is mixed with the product under the screen of the second lower screen and enters a third-stage screening mechanism; after the third single-layer screen is subjected to 1mm screening, returning the on-screen product of the third single-layer screen to the ore grinding machine, and enabling the under-screen product to enter a sorting operation; the third single-layer screening device and the ore mill form a second closed-circuit dry screening.
Compared with the prior art, the ore grinding machine and the third single-layer screening equipment form a second closed-circuit dry screening, the product on the screen of the third single-layer screen enters the ore grinding machine for grinding, the product after grinding returns to the third single-layer screen, after the third single-layer screen is subjected to 1mm screening, the product below the screen is fine-grained mineral with the size less than or equal to 1mm, part of fine-grained mineral enters a sorting operation link, and the oversize product enters the ore grinding machine again; by adopting the multistage dry screening system, the obtained product has no fine particle mineral with the particle size less than or equal to 1mm after multistage screening, and the system has compact process and high screening efficiency.
The mesh sizes of the first upper screen and the second upper screen are one of 100mm,50mm,25mm,13mm,6mm or 3 mm; the mesh size of the first upper screen is larger than that of the second upper screen.
In order to ensure that the micro-fine particle materials with the particle size smaller than or equal to 1mm can smoothly pass through sieve holes with the particle size of 1mm and avoid blocking holes, the first double-layer screening equipment and the second double-layer screening equipment both adopt double-layer relaxation sieves; the single-layer screening equipment adopts a single-layer relaxation screen; the screen surfaces of the double-layer relaxation screen and the single-layer relaxation screen are respectively provided with an elastic screen surface 2, and the elastic screen surfaces 2 are respectively connected with a power device.
Compared with the prior art, the screen surfaces of the double-layer relaxation screen and the single-layer relaxation screen are connected with the power device, the power device is used for providing power for each relaxation screen to enable the screen holes of the relaxation screen to deform, and the end coal smaller than or equal to 1mm on the screen can smoothly pass through the screen surface of the elastic screen.
It should be emphasized that the screen surfaces of the double-layer relaxation screen and the single-layer relaxation screen are both obliquely arranged, the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is 3-8 degrees, and the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is controlled in the range of 3-8 degrees because: the too small inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is not beneficial to the forward movement of the materials in the screening process; when the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is too large, the material stays on the screen surface for a short time, and the material is discharged as an oversize product without passing through the screen.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device for the micro-fine materials is characterized by comprising a classification excitation device, a negative pressure adsorption device, an undersize material collection device and an oversize material treatment unit;
the grading excitation device comprises a vibration exciter, a screen frame and an elastic screen surface; the vibration exciter and the elastic screen surface are both arranged on the screen frame; the vibration exciter is used for providing exciting force for the screen frame; the mesh size of the elastic screen surface is 1mm;
the negative pressure adsorption device is in flexible connection with the screen frame, is arranged below the elastic screen surface and is used for enabling a pressure difference to be generated between an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface so as to force materials below 1mm of the upper screen area to enter the lower screen area; the undersize material collecting device is arranged below the elastic screen surface and is used for collecting 1mm and below micro-particle materials entering the undersize region;
the process of screening by utilizing the micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment comprises the following steps:
step 1, throwing the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device, enabling the micro-fine particle materials to pass through a screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and enabling the micro-fine particle materials with the size of 1mm or below to enter an undersize material collecting device through the elastic screen; the oversize material enters an oversize material treatment unit;
step 2, after being treated by an oversize material treatment unit, the oversize material completely forms 1mm and below micro-particle materials;
the oversize material processing unit comprises a first-stage screening mechanism, a second-stage screening mechanism and a third-stage screening mechanism; the first-stage screening mechanism is also directly connected with the third-stage screening mechanism; the first stage screening mechanism comprises first double-layer screening equipment, and the first double-layer screening equipment comprises a first upper-layer screen and a first lower-layer screen; the second stage screening mechanism comprises a second double-layer screening device, and the second double-layer screening device comprises a second upper layer screen and a second lower layer screen; the third-stage screening mechanism comprises single-layer screening equipment, and the single-layer screening equipment comprises a third single-layer screen; the mesh particle sizes of the first lower screen, the second lower screen and the third single screen are all 1mm;
the first-stage screening mechanism further comprises a crusher; the oversize product of the first upper screen enters a crusher, crushed products and the oversize product of the first lower screen are mixed and enter a second-stage screening mechanism, and the undersize product of 1mm obtained by the first lower screen enters a third-stage screening mechanism;
the second-stage screening mechanism further comprises a cone fine crusher, the product on the screen of the second upper-layer screen enters the cone fine crusher, and the finely crushed product returns to the second upper-layer screen; the second double-layer screening equipment and the cone fine crusher form a first closed-circuit dry screening;
the third-stage screening mechanism further comprises an ore mill, and the ore mill is respectively connected with the second lower-layer screen and the third single-layer screen; the product on the screen of the second lower screen enters an ore grinding machine, and the product after ore grinding is mixed with the product under the screen of the second lower screen and enters a third-stage screening mechanism; after the third single-layer screen is subjected to 1mm screening, returning the on-screen product of the third single-layer screen to the ore grinding machine, and enabling the under-screen product to enter a sorting operation; the third single-layer screening device and the ore mill form a second closed-circuit dry screening.
2. The integrated fine particle material dry classification and dust removal screening apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the classification excitation device further comprises a bracket and an elastic support; one end of the bracket is contacted with the fixed platform or the ground, and the other end of the bracket is connected with the screen frame through an elastic support.
3. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particulate materials according to claim 2, wherein the negative pressure adsorption device comprises an air flow generating unit, an air flow storage unit, an electrostatic dust removal unit, an adsorption material collecting unit and an air flow conveying unit;
the airflow generating unit, the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust removing unit and the adsorption material collecting unit are sequentially connected through the airflow conveying unit; the adsorption material collecting unit is also in flexible connection with the screen frame through an airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit generates negative pressure airflow, and the negative pressure airflow enters the undersize region of the elastic screen surface through the airflow conveying unit after passing through the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust removing unit and the adsorption material collecting unit.
4. The integrated fine particle material dry classification and dust removal screening device according to claim 3, wherein the adsorption material collection unit comprises a first collector and a second collector which are sequentially connected; the first collector is arranged above the second collector;
the first collector comprises a hollow first upper cone and a first lower cone which are in butt joint to form a closed space, and an inclined first filter screen is arranged in the closed space; the second collector comprises a hollow second upper cone and a second lower cone, the second upper cone and the second lower cone are in butt joint to form a closed space, and an inclined second filter screen is arranged in the closed space.
5. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particulate materials according to claim 4, wherein the mesh size of the first filter screen and the second filter screen is less than or equal to 0.05mm;
and taking the horizontal plane as a reference, wherein the inclination angle of the first filter screen is larger than that of the second filter screen.
6. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particle materials according to claim 4 or 5, wherein an electrostatic field area is arranged above the first collector, and fine particle materials adsorbed by negative pressure air flow generated by the negative pressure adsorption device pass through the electrostatic field area first;
the electrostatic field region is used for negatively charging dust particles, and separating the dust particles after adsorbing the dust particles.
7. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particulate materials according to claim 1, wherein the elastic screen surface comprises a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces, the rectangular unit screen surfaces are placed in parallel, and the long side direction of the rectangular unit screen surfaces is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fine particulate materials;
along the feeding direction of the micro-fine particle materials, the aperture ratio of the unit screen surface is gradually reduced.
8. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particulate material according to claim 7, wherein the elastic screen surface is inclined in the feeding direction, and the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface is 3-8 ° based on the horizontal plane.
9. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particulate materials according to claim 8, wherein the oversize material treatment unit is used for treating the oversize material on the elastic screen surface to make the oversize material into fine particulate materials with a size of 1mm and below after treatment.
10. A method for integrally screening a micro-fine material by dry classification and dust removal, characterized in that the method for integrally screening the micro-fine material by dry classification and dust removal according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps:
step 1, throwing the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device, enabling the micro-fine particle materials to pass through a screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and enabling the micro-fine particle materials with the size of 1mm or below to enter an undersize material collecting device through the elastic screen;
the oversize material enters an oversize material treatment unit;
and 2, after being treated by an oversize material treatment unit, the oversize material completely forms 1mm and below micro-particle materials.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202725512U (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2013-02-13 | 安徽理工大学 | Full-grain high-efficiency dry coal preparation system for power coal separation |
| CN106362950A (en) * | 2016-12-11 | 2017-02-01 | 华北理工大学 | Rotational flow negative pressure sieve |
| CN107537764A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-05 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of Coupled Rigid-flexible elastic rod vibratory sieve |
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