CN114602807A - Micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment and method - Google Patents

Micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114602807A
CN114602807A CN202210288624.2A CN202210288624A CN114602807A CN 114602807 A CN114602807 A CN 114602807A CN 202210288624 A CN202210288624 A CN 202210288624A CN 114602807 A CN114602807 A CN 114602807A
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China
Prior art keywords
screen
screening
fine particle
elastic
unit
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CN202210288624.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114602807B (en
Inventor
段晨龙
王维楠
赵跃民
侯旭
李春艳
邓辉
王程
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/42—Drive mechanisms, regulating or controlling devices, or balancing devices, specially adapted for screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B08B15/04—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area from a small area, e.g. a tool

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry grading and dust removing integrated screening device and method for micro-fine particle materials, belongs to the technical field of micro-fine material screening, and solves the problems that when materials with the particle size of 1mm or less are screened in the prior art, particles are blocked on a screen surface, and the screening environment is worsened. The screening equipment comprises a grading excitation device, a negative pressure adsorption device and an undersize material collecting device; the grading excitation device comprises a vibration exciter, a screen frame and an elastic screen surface; the size of the sieve pore of the elastic sieve surface is 1 mm; the negative pressure adsorption device is used for forcing materials with the size less than 1mm in the screen upper area to enter the screen lower area; the undersize material collecting device is used for collecting the fine-grained materials which are 1mm below the undersize area. The invention realizes the dry screening of materials with the particle size of 1mm or less and avoids the environmental pollution and material loss caused by dust in the screening process.

Description

Micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fine material screening, in particular to a fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device and method.
Background
The screening is a classification process of dividing the loose mixed material into a plurality of products with different size fractions according to the particle size by passing the mixed material through single-layer or multi-layer screen meshes.
In the traditional dry screening process, the screening surface is easy to cause particle blockage; for sticky wet materials, the content of sticky fine particles is high, the external moisture is high, a covering film is easily formed, the screening process of the paste blocking screen surface is gradually deteriorated, and the opening rate and the screening effect of the screen surface are seriously influenced. In the process of screening micro-fine particle materials by a dry method, a large amount of dust is generated in the screening process due to the large content of the powder materials, so that environmental pollution and material loss are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a 1mm dry classification and electrostatic dust removal integrated device for fine particle materials, so as to solve the following problems:
(1) as the lower limit of the classified particle size of the screening is reduced, the content of particles close to the size of a screen hole is increased, and particularly, the traditional screening mode is difficult to solve for materials with the particle size range of 1mm and below.
(2) In the process of screening micro-fine particle materials by a dry method, a large amount of dust is generated in the screening process due to the large content of the powder materials, so that environmental pollution and material loss are caused.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device, which comprises a classification excitation device, a negative pressure adsorption device and a screen material collecting device, wherein the screen material collecting device is arranged below the classification excitation device;
the grading excitation device comprises a vibration exciter, a screen frame and an elastic screen surface; the vibration exciter and the elastic screen surface are arranged on the screen frame; the vibration exciter is used for providing exciting force for the screen frame; the size of the sieve pore of the elastic sieve surface is 1 mm;
the negative pressure adsorption device is in flexible connection with the screen frame, is arranged below the elastic screen surface and is used for generating pressure difference between an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface so as to force materials with the size less than 1mm in the upper screen area to enter the lower screen area;
the undersize material collecting device is arranged below the elastic screen surface and used for collecting the fine-grained materials which are 1mm below the undersize area.
In one possible design, the stepped excitation device further comprises a bracket and an elastic support; one end of the support is in contact with the fixed platform or the ground, and the other end of the support is connected with the screen frame through the elastic support.
In one possible design, the negative pressure adsorption device comprises an airflow generating unit, an airflow storage unit, an electrostatic dust collection unit, an adsorbed material collecting unit and an airflow conveying unit;
the airflow generating unit, the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorbed material collecting unit are sequentially connected through the airflow conveying unit; the adsorption material collecting unit is also in flexible connection with the screen frame through the airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit generates negative pressure airflow, and the negative pressure airflow passes through the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorbed material collection unit and then enters the undersize area of the elastic screen surface through the airflow conveying unit.
In one possible design, the adsorption material collection unit comprises a first collector and a second collector which are connected in sequence; the first collector is arranged above the second collector;
the first collector comprises a hollow first upper cone and a hollow first lower cone, the first upper cone and the first lower cone are butted to form a closed space, and an inclined first filter screen is arranged in the closed space; the second collector comprises a hollow second upper cone and a second lower cone, the second upper cone and the second lower cone are butted to form a closed space, and an inclined second filter screen is arranged in the closed space.
In one possible design, the mesh openings of the first and second screens are less than or equal to 0.05 mm;
the inclined angle of the first filter screen is larger than that of the second filter screen by taking the horizontal plane as a reference.
In one possible design, an electrostatic field area is arranged above the first collector, and the micro-fine particle materials adsorbed by the negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure adsorption device firstly pass through the electrostatic field area;
the electrostatic field area is used for enabling dust particles to be charged negatively and separating the dust particles after the dust particles are adsorbed.
In one possible design, the elastic screen surface comprises a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces which are arranged in parallel, and the long side direction of each rectangular unit screen surface is vertical to the flowing direction of the micro-fine particle materials;
along the feeding direction of the micro-fine particle materials, the opening rate of the unit sieve surface is gradually reduced.
In one possible design, the elastic sieve surface is arranged obliquely in the feeding direction, and the inclination angle of the elastic sieve surface is 3-8 degrees on the basis of the horizontal plane.
In one possible design, the plurality of cell screening surfaces are all made of a polyurethane material.
In one possible design, the micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment further comprises an oversize material processing unit;
the oversize material processing unit is used for processing oversize materials on the elastic screen surface, and the oversize materials are processed into fine particles of 1mm or less.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening method, which adopts the micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment, and the screening method comprises the following steps:
step 1, putting the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device, wherein the micro-fine particle materials pass through the screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and the micro-fine particle materials with the particle size of 1mm and below enter a material collecting device under the screen through the elastic screen; the oversize material enters an oversize material processing unit;
and 2, after being processed by the oversize material processing unit, all the oversize materials form fine particle materials with the particle size of 1mm or less.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the negative pressure adsorption device is arranged, so that the sieving amount of fine-grained materials can be increased, the sieving effect is enhanced, and the sieving environment is optimized. Through setting up the material collecting element, can retrieve fine-grained material, avoid material loss.
(2) According to the invention, the electrostatic field is arranged above the first collector, the electrostatic dust collector is arranged below the second collector, and the double electrostatic dust collection design combining dust collection in the conveying process and terminal dust collection can not only realize high-efficiency dust collection, but also enhance effective separation of dust particles on the screen surface and fine particle minerals, and avoid pollution to the environment.
(3) The classification and dust removal integrated equipment for the micro-fine particle materials can realize effective separation of micro-fine particle minerals and dust particles.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the stepped excitation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the stepped excitation device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the graded exciting device and the adsorbing device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the process for treating oversize material of the present invention, wherein, + represents oversize material, -represents undersize material.
Reference numerals:
1-a graded excitation device; 2-an elastic screen surface; 3-air pipe; 4-a first collector; 5-a second collector; 6-a first upper cone; 7-a first screen; 8-a first lower cone; 9-a second upper cone; 10 a second screen; 11-a second lower cone; 12-an electrostatic precipitator; 13-air chamber; 14-a fan; 15-a vibration exciter; 16-a screen frame; 17-elastic support; 18-a scaffold; 19-oversize material; 20-undersize material collecting device; 21-feeding direction.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
The material separation mode mainly comprises dry classification and wet classification according to the granularity; wherein, the dry classification mainly comprises dry screening and air rotational flow force field classification (airflow classification); the dry screening is mainly carried out by using screening equipment, the air flow classification is mainly carried out by using an air rotational flow force field, and the air rotational flow force field has small processing capacity and huge energy consumption, so that the industrial application of large-scale dry classification is restricted. Therefore, dry screening is an important way to solve the problem of dry classification of industrial large-scale materials. The problem of dry screening is that the lower limit of the classification particle size of the prior art is only 3mm or 2mm, and dry screening of 1mm cannot be realized.
Compared with the prior dry screening of 3mm or 2mm, the invention simultaneously utilizes the negative pressure adsorption and the electrostatic action to carry out the dry screening of 1 mm.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening apparatus, which comprises a classification excitation device 1, a negative pressure adsorption device and a undersize material collection device; the grading excitation device 1 comprises a vibration exciter 15, a screen frame 16 and an elastic screen surface 2; the vibration exciter 15 and the elastic screen surface 2 are arranged on the screen frame 16; the vibration exciter 15 is used for providing exciting force for the screen frame 16; the sieve pore size of the elastic sieve surface 2 is 1 mm; the negative pressure adsorption device is in flexible connection with the screen frame 16, is arranged below the elastic screen surface 2 and is used for generating pressure difference between an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface 2 so as to force materials with the size of less than 1mm in the upper screen area to enter the lower screen area; the undersize material collecting device 20 is arranged below the elastic screen surface 2 and is used for collecting the fine-grained materials which are 1mm below the undersize area.
Specifically, a negative pressure adsorption device is arranged below the elastic screen surface 2, and negative pressure airflow can be introduced from the lower part of the elastic screen surface 2 by the negative pressure adsorption device, so that a pressure difference is generated between an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface 2, and materials of 1mm and below on the screen are forced to penetrate through the screen downwards; meanwhile, due to the extrusion of the material particles and the deformation of the sieve pores of the elastic sieve surface 2, the blockage of the sieve pores by the particles can be accelerated to penetrate through the sieve pores. Compared with the prior art, the invention can promote the water loss in the fine particle materials and the desorption of the fine particle materials through the action of the airflow force field generated by the negative pressure adsorption device, thereby further ensuring the sieve penetration.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can provide exciting force for the elastic screen surface 2 by arranging the grading exciting device 1, and promotes materials with the diameter of 1mm or less to pass through the screen holes. In addition, because the screen surface of the invention is the elastic screen surface 2, when the grading excitation device 1 provides excitation force to the screen frame 16, the screen holes can generate micro deformation when being stressed, so that the micro-fine particle materials can be promoted to penetrate through the screen surface, and the screening of the micro-fine particle materials is promoted.
The stepped excitation device 1 of the present invention further comprises a bracket 18 and an elastic support 17; one end of the bracket 18 is contacted with the fixed platform or the ground, and the other end is connected with the screen frame 16 through the elastic support 17.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the classification exciting apparatus 1 of the present invention further includes a support frame 18, and the support frame 18 includes a plurality of support legs, for example, four support legs, for supporting the screen frame 16 and the screen surface and its screening parts; the bottom ends of the supporting legs are in contact with the ground or a fixed platform, the top ends of the supporting legs are connected with the elastic supports 17, and the elastic supports 17 are connected with the screen frame 16.
In order to further ensure that the micro-fine mineral with the particle size of 1mm or less can smoothly pass through the elastic sieve surface 2, the negative pressure adsorption device comprises an airflow generating unit, an airflow storage unit, an electrostatic dust collection unit, an adsorption material collecting unit and an airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit, the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorbed material collecting unit are sequentially connected through the airflow conveying unit; the adsorption material collecting unit is also in flexible connection with the screen frame 16 through the airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit generates negative pressure airflow, and the negative pressure airflow passes through the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorbed material collection unit and then enters the undersize area of the elastic screen surface 2 through the airflow conveying unit.
Specifically, the airflow generation unit of the present invention includes a blower 14, the first electrostatic precipitation unit includes a dust collector, the airflow storage unit includes an air chamber 13 or an air bag (equivalent to a buffer device, having a buffer function), and the airflow delivery unit includes an air duct 3; the specific working process of the negative pressure adsorption device is as follows: the fan 14 generates negative pressure airflow, the negative pressure airflow passes through the air chamber 13 or the air bag, the electrostatic dust collector 12 and the adsorbed material collecting unit and is fed into the lower part of the elastic screen surface 2 of the grading excitation device 1, so that pressure difference is formed between the upper part of the elastic screen surface 2 and the lower part of the elastic screen surface 2, and the granular materials with the particle size of 1mm or less are acted by the negative pressure airflow (downward adsorption force), so that the granular materials penetrate through the screen and move towards the lower part of the elastic screen surface 2 to become undersize materials. In the adsorption process of the negative pressure adsorption device, the flow direction of the adsorbed micro-fine particle materials is as follows: the dust is removed and then passes through the material adsorption unit respectively, is collected after adsorption and is discharged out of the negative pressure airflow.
It should be emphasized that, in the process of negative pressure air flow adsorption, materials with a size of 1mm or less are bound to be adsorbed, the invention collects the materials by arranging the adsorbing material collecting unit, in addition, in order to avoid air pollution, the invention arranges the electrostatic dust collector 12 in the next link of the adsorbing material collecting unit, the electrostatic dust collector 12 is used for removing the micro-fine particle materials which are still adsorbed in the negative pressure air flow after being processed by the adsorbing material collecting unit, and further the negative pressure air flow generated by the fan 14 can be discharged into the atmosphere, and air pollution is avoided.
In order to ensure the material collecting effect and reduce the materials in the negative pressure airflow as much as possible, the material collecting unit comprises a first collector 4 and a second collector 5 which are connected in sequence; the first collector 4 is arranged above the second collector 5; the first collector 4 comprises a hollow first upper cone 6 and a hollow first lower cone 8, the first upper cone 6 and the first lower cone 8 are butted to form a closed space, and an inclined first filter screen 7 is arranged in the closed space; the second collector 5 comprises a hollow second upper cone 9 and a second lower cone 11, the second upper cone 9 and the second lower cone are butted to form a closed space, and an inclined second filter screen 10 is arranged in the closed space.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the material collecting unit of the present invention includes a first collector 4 and a second collector 5 connected to each other, wherein the first collector 4 is disposed above the second collector 5, the first collector 4 includes a first upper cone 6 and a first lower cone 8 both in a hollow shape, the first upper cone 6 and the first lower cone 8 are butted to form a first hollow cavity, a first filter screen 7 is obliquely disposed in the first hollow cavity, the first filter screen 7 is provided with a first scraper collector and a first separation port, and the first scraper collector moves the material above the first filter screen 7 out of the first upper cone 6 through the first separation port, respectively. Similarly, the second collector 5 comprises a second upper cone 9 and a second lower cone 11 which are both hollow, the second upper cone 9 and the second lower cone 11 are butted to form a second hollow cavity, a second filter screen 10 is obliquely arranged in the second hollow cavity, a second scraper collector and a second separation port are arranged on the second filter screen 10, and the second scraper collector moves the materials above the second filter screen 10 out of the first upper cone 6 through the second separation port respectively.
Because the material that is adsorbed by negative pressure air current passes through first collector 4 earlier, the material is collected a part away through first filter screen 7, can make material concentration in the negative pressure air current reduce like this, consequently, when setting up first filter screen 7 and second filter screen 10, the inclination of first filter screen 7 is greater than the inclination of second filter screen 10.
In addition, because the particle size of the materials in the negative pressure airflow is 1mm or less, the materials with the mesh aperture of 0.05mm or less and 0.05mm or less of the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 of the invention are adsorbed by the electrostatic dust collector 12, and the negative pressure airflow after being dedusted by the first electrostatic dust collector can be directly discharged into the atmosphere, thus no environmental pollution is caused.
It should be noted that, the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 are both elastic filter screens, the first collector 4 and the second collector 5 are both connected with power equipment, and the power equipment is used for providing power for the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10, so that the first filter screen and the second filter screen vibrate in the working process, and then the materials are filtered and separated more efficiently.
Compared with the prior art, the first collector 4 and the second collector 5 are respectively in butt joint with the upper cone and the lower cone to form a cavity, so that the invalid empty volume in the first collector 4 and the second collector 5 can be reduced, and the first filter screen 7 and the second filter screen 10 are obliquely arranged to facilitate scraping.
The pressure difference between the oversize area and the undersize area of the elastic screen surface is 500Pa-3000 Pa. In addition, in order to ensure the pressure difference range, the mesh of the second filter screen is smaller than that of the first filter screen, and the mesh aperture of the second filter screen is 65-99% of that of the first filter screen.
It is emphasized that, in the present invention, an electrostatic field area is provided above the first collector 4, which is the last step of the material collecting unit, and the micro-fine particle materials adsorbed by the negative pressure airflow pass through the electrostatic field area first; the electrostatic field area is used for negatively charging dust particles and separating the dust particles after the dust particles are adsorbed.
Specifically, the purpose of arranging an electrostatic field above the adsorption material collection unit is as follows: through adjusting electrostatic field intensity size, make the dust particle negatively charged, avoid fine grain mineral electrified, and then make electrified dust particle adsorbed by the collector wall, reduce the granule volume that gets into the filter screen, when strengthening dust removal effect, avoid the filter screen to block up.
It should be noted that, when the intensity of the electrostatic field is adjusted, the basis of the adjustment is as follows: the surface charge density of the fine particle mineral is different from that of the dust particle, the surface charge density of the dust particle is larger than that of the fine particle material, the acting force of an electric field is stronger, meanwhile, the mass of the dust particle is smaller than that of the fine particle material, the dust particle is smaller under the action of gravity, so that the dust particle is stronger mainly under the action of electrostatic force, and the fine particle mineral and the dust particle are separated.
It needs to be pointed out that the cleaning process of dust particles in fine particle materials of 1mm and below is as follows: after integrated screening equipment operated for a period of time, stopped the feed, electric field intensity in the electrostatic field region reduced simultaneously, and then made adsorbed dust particle desorption, realized the clearance of this part dust particle.
In order to improve the screening effect of the elastic screen surface 2, the elastic screen surface 2 comprises a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces which are arranged in parallel, and the long side direction of each rectangular unit screen surface is vertical to the flowing direction of micro-fine particle materials; along the feeding direction of the micro-fine particle materials, the opening rate of the unit sieve surface is gradually reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the elastic screen surface 2 is formed by a plurality of rectangular unit screen surfaces, and the screen plate is easier to replace and adjust according to the properties of screened materials, so that the size of the screen hole is adjusted. Specifically, the size of the sieve pores of the elastic sieve surface 2 can be changed according to the actual production requirement, and when the content of undersize fine particle fraction is higher, the size of the sieve pores can be reduced by changing the sieve plates so as to adapt to the production requirement; when the requirement on the proportion of the coarse fraction content on the sieve is high, the sieve plate can be replaced, and the size of the sieve pore can be increased.
It should be noted that the elastic screening surface 2 of the present invention is made of polyurethane material to improve the screening effect. Compared with the prior art, the elastic screen surface 2 is made of polyurethane, and because the polyurethane is an elastic material, the screen holes of the elastic screen surface 2 can be ensured to deform during screening, so that micro-fine particle materials are prevented from blocking the screen holes.
It should be noted that the elastic sieve surface 2 of the invention is arranged obliquely along the feeding direction, and the inclination angle of the elastic sieve surface 2 is 3-8 degrees. The reason why the inclination angle of the resilient screening surface 2 is controlled in the range of 3-8 is: the small inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is not beneficial to the forward movement of the materials in the screening process; when the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is too large, the retention time of the materials on the screen surface is short, and the materials become oversize products to be discharged after the materials cannot pass through the screen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the negative pressure adsorption device is arranged, so that the sieving amount of fine-grained materials can be increased, the sieving effect is enhanced, and the sieving environment is optimized. Through setting up the material collecting element, can retrieve fine-grained material, avoid material loss.
(2) According to the invention, the electrostatic field is arranged above the first collector 4, the electrostatic dust collector 12 is arranged below the second collector 5, and the double electrostatic dust collection design combining dust collection in the conveying process and terminal dust collection can not only realize high-efficiency dust collection, but also enhance effective separation of dust particles on the screen surface and fine particle minerals, and avoid pollution to the environment.
(3) The classification and dust removal integrated equipment for the micro-fine particle materials can realize effective separation of micro-fine particle minerals and dust particles.
It should be noted that the fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment further comprises an oversize material 19 processing unit; the oversize material 19 processing unit is used for processing oversize materials on the elastic screen surface 2, and the processed oversize materials are made into fine particles of 1mm or less.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening method, which adopts the micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment, and the screening method comprises the following steps:
step 1, putting the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device 1, starting a negative pressure adsorption device, enabling the micro-fine particle materials to pass through the screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and enabling the micro-fine particle materials with the particle size of 1mm or less to enter an undersize material collection device through the elastic screen under the adsorption action of negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure adsorption device; the oversize material enters an oversize material processing unit;
and 2, after being processed by the oversize material processing unit, all the oversize materials 19 form fine particle materials with the particle size of 1mm or less.
The specific processing of the oversize material 19 processing unit in step 2 above is described in example 1 below.
Example 1
This embodiment provides a possible design of the oversize material handling unit. Specifically, the oversize material handling unit includes a jaw crusher, and the oversize material 19 is handled by the jaw crusher before being handled.
The oversize material processing unit also comprises a first-stage screening mechanism, a second-stage screening mechanism and a third-stage screening mechanism; the first-stage screening mechanism is also directly connected with the third-stage screening mechanism; the first-stage screening mechanism comprises first double-layer screening equipment, and the first double-layer screening equipment comprises a first upper-layer screen and a first lower-layer screen; the second-stage screening mechanism comprises second double-layer screening equipment, and the second double-layer screening equipment comprises a second upper-layer screen and a second lower-layer screen; the third-stage screening mechanism comprises single-layer screening equipment, and the single-layer screening equipment comprises a third single-layer screen; the grain sizes of the screen holes of the first lower layer screen, the second lower layer screen and the third single layer screen are all 1 mm.
The first double-layer screening equipment comprises a first upper-layer screen and a first lower-layer screen, wherein the size of the screen hole particle size of the first lower-layer screen is 1 mm; the second double-layer screening equipment comprises a second upper-layer screen and a second lower-layer screen, and the size of the screen hole particle size of the second lower-layer screen is 1 mm; the single-layer screening equipment comprises a third single-layer screen, and the screen hole diameter of the third single-layer screen is also 1 mm. The screen surface sizes, the inclination angles and the vibration frequencies of the first upper layer screen and the first lower layer screen, the second upper layer screen and the second lower layer screen and the third single layer screen are equal.
In the prior art, the particle size limit of the micro-fine particle mineral dry screening is mainly 3mm and 2mm, and the micro-fine particle mineral is mostly screened by a wet method. The wet screening has large water demand, and the clay mineral classification is easy to paste and block the screen surface, thus deteriorating the screening environment. In addition, when the traditional mineral is subjected to raw ore crushing and screening, single vibration screening is adopted, so that the screening efficiency is low; the superfine particle mineral enters the crushing and grinding mechanism for multiple times, the over-grinding phenomenon is easy to occur, and the power consumption of the crushing and grinding equipment is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the first-stage screening mechanism, the second-stage screening mechanism and the third-stage screening mechanism form the multi-stage screening mechanism, the multi-stage screening mechanism adopts multi-stage combination of the first double-layer screening device, the second double-layer screening device and the third single-layer screening device, 1mm multi-stage deep screening of fine mineral can be achieved, and the phenomenon of over grinding of the fine mineral is effectively avoided.
In order to crush the oversize materials of the first upper screen, the oversize materials of the first upper screen finally pass through a third-stage sieving mechanism, and the first-stage sieving mechanism also comprises a crusher; oversize products of the first upper layer screen enter the crusher, crushed products and oversize products of the first lower layer screen are mixed and enter the second-stage screening mechanism, and undersize products of 1mm obtained by the first lower layer screen enter the third-stage screening mechanism.
Specifically, the crusher is connected with the first upper screen, oversize products of the first upper screen enter the crusher to be crushed, obtained crushed products are mixed with oversize products of the first lower screen and enter the second-stage screening mechanism, undersize products of 1mm obtained by screening the first lower screen directly enter the third-stage screening mechanism, and therefore the situation that part of fine-grained minerals smaller than or equal to 1mm enter the second-stage screening mechanism and the third-stage screening mechanism is avoided, the over-grinding phenomenon is avoided, and the power consumption of the crusher and the ore grinding equipment is reduced.
In order to finely crush the oversize products of the second upper screen, the oversize products of the second upper screen form a closed-circuit dry screening, and finally the oversize products of the second upper screen pass through a third-stage screening mechanism; the second double-layer screening equipment and the conical fine crusher form a first closed-circuit dry screening.
Specifically, the second-stage screening mechanism further comprises a conical fine crusher, the feeding channel and the discharging channel are connected with the second upper-layer screen, oversize products of the second upper-layer screen enter the conical fine crusher through the feeding channel, the crushed oversize products return to the second upper-layer screen through the discharging channel for screening, oversize products obtained by screening through the second upper-layer screen continue to enter the conical fine crusher, the process is repeated, undersize products of the second upper-layer screen enter the second lower-layer screen for screening by 1mm, and undersize products of the screening by 1mm enter the third-stage screening mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention ensures that the product on the second upper layer screen can be finely crushed by the first closed-circuit dry screening method formed by the conical fine crusher and the second double-layer screening device by arranging the conical fine crusher, then the product returns to the second upper layer screen, and the product enters the third-stage screening mechanism after being screened.
In order to enable all raw ores entering the multistage dry screening system to become micro-fine particle minerals with the particle size less than or equal to 1mm, the third-stage screening mechanism further comprises an ore grinding machine, and the ore grinding machine is respectively connected with the second lower-layer screen and the third single-layer screen; the oversize product of the second lower screen enters an ore mill, and the ground product is mixed with the undersize product of the second lower screen and enters a third-stage screening mechanism; after the third single-layer screen is screened for 1mm, returning oversize products of the third single-layer screen to an ore mill, and feeding undersize products to a sorting operation; and the third single-layer screening equipment and the ore mill form a second closed-circuit dry screening.
Compared with the prior art, the ore mill and the third single-layer screening equipment provided by the invention form a second closed-circuit dry screening method, oversize products of the third single-layer screen enter the ore mill to grind, the ground products return to the third single-layer screen, after the third single-layer screen is screened by 1mm, undersize products are micro-fine minerals smaller than or equal to 1mm, the micro-fine minerals enter a separation operation link, and oversize products enter the ore mill again; by adopting the multistage dry screening system, after multistage screening, the obtained products are all free of fine-grained minerals with the grain size less than or equal to 1mm, and the system has compact process and high screening efficiency.
The screen hole particle size of the first upper layer screen and the second upper layer screen is 100mm, 50mm, 25mm, 13mm, 6mm or 3 mm; the mesh size of the first upper layer screen is larger than that of the second upper layer screen.
In order to ensure that micro-fine particle materials with the particle size of less than or equal to 1mm can smoothly pass through sieve pores with the particle size of 1mm and avoid hole blockage, the first double-layer screening equipment and the second double-layer screening equipment both adopt double-layer relaxation sieves; the single-layer screening equipment adopts a single-layer relaxation screen; the screen surfaces of the double-layer flip-flow screen and the single-layer flip-flow screen are elastic screen surfaces 2, and the elastic screen surfaces 2 are respectively connected with a power device.
Compared with the prior art, the screen surfaces of the double-layer flip-flow screen and the single-layer flip-flow screen are connected with the power device, the power device is used for providing power for each flip-flow screen to deform the screen hole of the flip-flow screen, and the slack coal on the screen, which is smaller than or equal to 1mm, can smoothly pass through the screen surface of the elastic screen.
It is emphasized that the screen surfaces of the double-layer relaxation screen and the single-layer relaxation screen are obliquely arranged, the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is 3-8 degrees, and the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is controlled within the range of 3-8 degrees because: the small inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is not beneficial to the forward movement of the materials in the screening process; when the inclination angle of the elastic screen surface 2 is too large, the retention time of the materials on the screen surface is short, and the materials become oversize products to be discharged after the materials cannot pass through the screen.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A micro-fine particle material dry classification and dust removal integrated screening device is characterized by comprising a classification excitation device, a negative pressure adsorption device and a screen material collecting device;
the grading excitation device comprises a vibration exciter, a screen frame and an elastic screen surface; the vibration exciter and the elastic screen surface are arranged on the screen frame; the vibration exciter is used for providing exciting force for the screen frame; the sieve pore size of the elastic sieve surface is 1 mm;
the negative pressure adsorption device is in flexible connection with the screen frame, is arranged below the elastic screen surface and is used for enabling an upper screen area and a lower screen area of the elastic screen surface to generate pressure difference and forcing materials below 1mm in the upper screen area to enter the lower screen area;
the undersize material collecting device is arranged below the elastic screen surface and used for collecting fine particle materials which are 1mm or less and enter an undersize area.
2. The integrated screening equipment for dry classification and dust removal of fine particle materials according to claim 1, wherein the classification excitation device further comprises a bracket and an elastic support; one end of the support is in contact with the fixed platform or the ground, and the other end of the support is connected with the screen frame through the elastic support.
3. The integrated screening equipment for dry classification and dust removal of fine particle materials according to claim 2, wherein the negative pressure adsorption device comprises an airflow generating unit, an airflow storage unit, an electrostatic dust removal unit, an adsorbed material collecting unit and an airflow conveying unit;
the airflow generating unit, the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorbed material collecting unit are sequentially connected through the airflow conveying unit; the adsorption material collecting unit is also in flexible connection with the screen frame through an airflow conveying unit; the airflow generating unit generates negative pressure airflow, and the negative pressure airflow passes through the airflow storage unit, the electrostatic dust collection unit and the adsorbed material collecting unit and then enters the undersize area of the elastic screen surface through the airflow conveying unit.
4. The integrated screening device for dry classification and dust removal of fine particle materials according to claim 3, wherein the adsorption material collection unit comprises a first collector and a second collector which are connected in sequence; the first collector is arranged above the second collector;
the first collector comprises a hollow first upper cone and a hollow first lower cone, the first upper cone and the first lower cone are butted to form a closed space, and an inclined first filter screen is arranged in the closed space; the second collector includes cone and second lower cone on the hollow second, the second go up the cone with the cone butt joint constitutes the enclosure under the second, is equipped with the second filter screen of slope in the enclosure.
5. The integrated screening apparatus for dry classifying and dedusting fine particle materials according to claim 4, wherein the mesh openings of the first and second sieves are less than or equal to 0.05 mm;
and the horizontal plane is used as a reference, and the inclination angle of the first filter screen is greater than that of the second filter screen.
6. The integrated screening apparatus for dry classification and dust removal of fine particle materials according to claim 4 or 5, wherein an electrostatic field region is disposed above the first collector, and the fine particle materials adsorbed by the negative pressure air flow generated by the negative pressure adsorption device pass through the electrostatic field region;
the electrostatic field area is used for enabling dust particles to be negatively charged and separating the dust particles after the dust particles are adsorbed.
7. The integrated dry classification and dust removal screening device for fine particle materials according to claim 1, wherein the elastic screening surface comprises a plurality of rectangular unit screening surfaces, the plurality of rectangular unit screening surfaces are arranged in parallel, and the long side direction of each rectangular unit screening surface is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fine particle materials;
along the feeding direction of the micro-fine particle materials, the opening rate of the unit sieve surface is gradually reduced.
8. The integrated dry classification and dust removal screening apparatus for fine particle materials according to claim 7, wherein the elastic screening surface is disposed in an inclined manner along a feeding direction, and the inclined angle of the elastic screening surface is 3-8 ° with respect to a horizontal plane.
9. The integrated screening apparatus for dry classification and dust removal of fine particle materials according to claim 8, further comprising an oversize material processing unit;
the oversize material processing unit is used for processing oversize materials on the elastic screen surface, and the oversize materials are converted into fine particles of 1mm or less after processing.
10. A dry classification and dust removal integrated screening method for micro-fine particle materials, which is characterized in that the dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment for the micro-fine particle materials, disclosed by claims 1 to 9, is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, putting the micro-fine particle materials into a grading excitation device, wherein the micro-fine particle materials pass through the screen surface of a 1mm elastic screen, and the micro-fine particle materials with the particle size of 1mm and below enter a material collecting device under the screen through the elastic screen; the oversize material enters an oversize material processing unit;
and 2, after being processed by the oversize material processing unit, all the oversize materials form fine particle materials with the particle size of 1mm or less.
CN202210288624.2A 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Dry classification and dust removal integrated screening equipment and method for micro-fine particle materials Active CN114602807B (en)

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