CN114597760A - Mode locking femtosecond fiber laser based on tellurium-germanium-chromium saturable absorber - Google Patents
Mode locking femtosecond fiber laser based on tellurium-germanium-chromium saturable absorber Download PDFInfo
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- CN114597760A CN114597760A CN202210013261.1A CN202210013261A CN114597760A CN 114597760 A CN114597760 A CN 114597760A CN 202210013261 A CN202210013261 A CN 202210013261A CN 114597760 A CN114597760 A CN 114597760A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
- H01S3/1118—Semiconductor saturable absorbers, e.g. semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors [SESAMs]; Solid-state saturable absorbers, e.g. carbon nanotube [CNT] based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on a chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber, which consists of a pumping light source and a laser resonant cavity, wherein the laser resonant cavity comprises a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber, a first polarization controller, a polarization-independent isolator, a single mode fiber, a saturable absorber, a second polarization controller and an output coupler; the saturable absorber is a chromium telluride germanide saturable absorber. The invention also provides a saturable absorber based on the tellurium-chromium germanide, which is synthesized into a film type tellurium-chromium germanide saturable absorber by adopting a liquid phase stripping method and a rotary coating method, and the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the tellurium-chromium germanide nanocrystal dispersion liquid with a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to form a tellurium-chromium germanide/polyvinyl alcohol composite film, and cutting the tellurium-chromium germanide/polyvinyl alcohol composite film into 1 multiplied by 1mm2The small piece is transferred to the end face of an optical fiber jumper and is connected with another optical fiber jumper by an optical fiber flange adapterThereby producing the saturable absorber. The mode locking threshold of the optical fiber laser is as low as 24.2mW, and stable pulses with the central wavelength of 1561.7nm can be generated under the repetition frequency of 7.95MHz, and the pulse duration is about 550 fs. The chromium telluride-germanide saturable absorber has excellent ultrafast modulation characteristic and provides a new opportunity for demonstrating mode locking operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passive mode-locking fiber lasers, and particularly relates to a mode-locking femtosecond fiber laser based on a tellurium-chromium-germanium saturable absorber.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of the requirements of people on living quality, domestic industries such as consumer electronics, clean energy, new energy automobiles, biological medical treatment, semiconductors and the like are developed vigorously. The role of lasers, and particularly ultrafast lasers, in these high-end smart manufacturing areas is increasingly being reflected. Ultrafast ultrastrong laser mainly takes femtosecond laser as the core of research and application, and as a unique scientific research tool and means, the application of the femtosecond laser can be generally summarized into three main aspects, namely the application of the femtosecond laser in the ultrafast field, the application in the ultrastrong field and the application in the superfine precision machining.
Therefore, ultrafast fiber lasers have attracted a great deal of attention in the fields of ultrafast photonics, optical medicine, biomedicine, material processing, and the like. Typically, both active and passive techniques are used to achieve operation of the mode-locked fiber laser. Passive mode locking techniques are commonly used to produce picosecond or femtosecond pulsed lasers due to their advantages of no additional drivers, compactness, low cost, etc. With the popularization of novel saturable absorber materials, passive mode-locked lasers with low threshold, short pulse and low cost are widely researched.
Heretofore, materials such as two-dimensional materials, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, etc. have been demonstrated to be effective modulators to achieve ultrafast fiber lasers operating in the visible to mid-infrared optical region. In particular, various two-dimensional materials including graphene, Topological Insulators (TIs), Transition Metal Disulfides (TMD), Black Phosphorus (BP), MXene and the like have the excellent performance of an ultrafast modulator, and have the advantages of excellent wide-absorption-band nonlinear optical characteristics, high damage threshold, low cost, easiness in preparation and the like. Therefore, the exploration of the two-dimensional material with good saturated absorption characteristics has important significance for the research of the mode-locked fiber laser.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on a tellurium-chromium-germanium saturable absorber, which solves the problems mentioned in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a mode locking femtosecond fiber laser based on a tellurium-chromium-germanium saturable absorber structurally comprises a pumping light source (1) and a laser resonant cavity (10), wherein the laser resonant cavity consists of a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an erbium-doped fiber (3), a first polarization controller (4), a polarization-independent isolator (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a tellurium-chromium-germanium saturable absorber (7), a second polarization controller (8) and an output coupler (9).
Preferably, the output end of the pump light source (1) is connected with the first input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is connected with one end of the erbium-doped fiber (3), the other end of the erbium-doped fiber (3) is connected with one end of a polarization controller I (4), the other end of the polarization controller I (4) is connected with the input end of a polarization-independent isolator (5), the output end of the polarization-independent isolator (5) is connected with one end of a single-mode fiber (6), the other end of the single-mode fiber (6) is connected with one end of a chromium telluride saturable absorber (7), the other end of the chromium telluride saturable absorber (7) is connected with one end of a polarization controller II (8), the other end of the polarization controller II (8) is connected with the input end of an output coupler (9), and 90% of the output end of the output coupler (9) is connected with the second input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), forming a ring-shaped laser resonant cavity.
Preferably, the process of generating laser light is that a pump light source (1) provides pump light, the pump light is coupled into the ring cavity through a wavelength division multiplexer (2), the pump light passes through a polarization controller (4), a polarization-independent isolator (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a chromium telluride-germanide saturable absorber (7), a polarization controller (8) and an output coupler (9) in sequence after being gained by an erbium-doped fiber (3), and the output coupler (9) is 10: 90, wherein 10% of output is used for measuring data, the rest 90% continues to operate in the laser resonant cavity (9), the polarization-independent isolator (5) ensures the unidirectional transmission of light in the cavity, and stable mode-locked pulse laser output is finally obtained by adjusting the value of the pump light source (1) and the polarization controller (4) and the polarization controller (8).
Preferably, the pumping light source (1) is a semiconductor fiber laser coupled by a common single mode fiber, the center wavelength of the semiconductor fiber laser is 980nm, and the pumping light source corresponds to a pumping absorption peak of the erbium-doped fiber (3).
Preferably, the wavelength division multiplexer (2) has an operating wavelength of 980/1550nm, and the tail fiber is a common single mode fiber.
Preferably, the gain medium of the resonant cavity is a section of erbium-doped fiber (3) with the length of about 30cm, and the type is Er-110.
Preferably, the first polarization controller (4) and the second polarization controller (8) both adopt three-piece coil rotary type polarization controllers.
Preferably, the output coupler (9) adopts the following components: a 90 coupling ratio, with 10% signal light output for data measurement.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the saturable absorber based on the chromium telluride-germanium, which comprises the following steps:
s1: 1g of chromium telluride germanide powder was added to 60mL of 30% alcohol to prepare a chromium telluride germanide dispersion. The solution was sonicated in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 hours and centrifuged in a centrifuge at 1500rpm for 30 min.
S2: mixing the chromium telluride germanide solution obtained in the step S1 and a 5 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution in a volume ratio of 1: 1, and performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic cleaner for 5 hours to prepare a uniform tellurium-chromium germanium-polyvinyl alcohol film.
S3: 100. mu.L of the dispersion solution obtained in S2 was spin-coated on a petri dish to form a chromium telluride germanium-polyvinyl alcohol film, and then the petri dish was placed in a 30 ℃ drying oven for 24 hours.
S4: cutting a 1X 1mm portion from the culture dish obtained in S32And (2) a tabletThe optical fiber is transferred to the end face of an optical fiber jumper and is connected with another optical fiber jumper by an optical fiber flange adapter to form a saturable absorber based on chromium telluride germanide.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention include the following aspects:
the regulator based on the tellurium-chromium-germanium two-dimensional material provided by the invention has good stability, so that the passive mode-locking pulse with good stability can be obtained.
The passive mode-locked femtosecond pulse laser provided by the invention is applied to common 1.5um wave band in industrial processing, has good stability, meets the wavelength requirement of most industrial processing in the market, and has the pulse duration of about 550fs, reaching femtosecond level. Femtosecond laser is widely applied in the fields of physics, biology, chemical control reaction, optical communication and the like, has the characteristics of high speed and high resolution, and has unique advantages and irreplaceable effects on early diagnosis of pathological changes, medical imaging and biological biopsy, surgical medical treatment and manufacture of ultra-small satellites.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber laser provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an output spectrogram of a fiber laser provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a pulse sequence diagram of the fiber laser provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the cavity length of a fiber laser in accordance with the present invention versus theoretical duration;
fig. 5 is a graph of pulse stability and signal-to-noise ratio measurement of the fiber laser provided by the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures mean: the device comprises a pumping light source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an erbium-doped fiber (3), a polarization controller I (4), a polarization-independent isolator (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber (7), a polarization controller II (8) and an output coupler (9).
Detailed Description
While the following is a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
Preparing materials:
a preparation method of a saturable absorber based on chromium telluride-germanide specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: 1g of chromium telluride germanide powder was added to 60mL of 30% alcohol to prepare a chromium telluride germanide dispersion. The solution was sonicated in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 hours and centrifuged in a centrifuge at 1500rpm for 30 min.
S2: mixing the chromium telluride germanide solution obtained in the step S1 and a 5 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution in a volume ratio of 1: 1, and performing ultrasonic treatment in an ultrasonic cleaner for 5 hours to prepare a uniform tellurium-chromium germanium-polyvinyl alcohol film.
S3: 100. mu.L of the dispersion solution obtained in S2 was spin-coated on a petri dish to form a chromium telluride germanium-polyvinyl alcohol film, and then the petri dish was placed in a 30 ℃ drying oven for 24 hours.
S4: cutting a 1X 1mm portion from the culture dish obtained in S32The small piece is transferred to the end face of an optical fiber jumper wire and is connected with another optical fiber jumper wire by using an optical fiber flange adapter to form a saturable absorber based on chromium telluride germanide.
Example 2
And (3) building a laser cavity:
a mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on a tellurium-germanium-chromium saturable absorber is composed of a pumping light source (1) and a laser resonant cavity (10). The laser resonant cavity consists of a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an erbium-doped fiber (3), a polarization controller I (4), a polarization-independent isolator (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a tellurium-germanium-chromium saturable absorber (7), a polarization controller II (8) and an output coupler (9);
wherein the output end of the pump light source (1) is connected with the first input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is connected with one end of the erbium-doped fiber (3), the other end of the erbium-doped fiber (3) is connected with one end of a polarization controller I (4), the other end of the polarization controller I (4) is connected with the input end of a polarization-independent isolator (5), the output end of the polarization-independent isolator (5) is connected with one end of a single-mode fiber (6), the other end of the single-mode fiber (6) is connected with one end of a chromium telluride saturable absorber (7), the other end of the chromium telluride saturable absorber (7) is connected with one end of a polarization controller II (8), the other end of the polarization controller II (8) is connected with the input end of an output coupler (9), 90% of the output end of the output coupler (9) is connected with the second input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), forming a ring-shaped laser resonant cavity. The devices are all welded through single-mode optical fibers.
The process of generating the laser is as follows:
pump light is provided by a pump light source (1), light is coupled into an annular cavity through a wavelength division multiplexer (2), after being gained by an erbium-doped fiber (3), the pump light sequentially passes through a polarization controller (4), a polarization-independent isolator (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a chromium telluride-germanide saturable absorber (7), a polarization controller (8) and an output coupler (9), and the output coupler (9) is 10: 90, wherein 10% of output is used for measuring data, the rest 90% continues to operate in the laser resonant cavity (10), the polarization-independent isolator (5) ensures the unidirectional transmission of light in the cavity, and stable mode-locked pulse laser output is finally obtained by adjusting the value of the pump light source (1) and the polarization controllers I (4) and II (8).
The test results for the inventive examples are as follows:
first, no mode-locking operation was recorded by adjusting the power of the polarization controller or pump when the chromium telluride saturable absorber was not inserted into the cavity. And then when the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber is inserted into the cavity, the polarization controller is adjusted under the condition that the pumping power is 24.2mW, and the stable mode locking pulse is obtained. In addition, the Q-switching operation always occurs in the short-ring laser cavity; however, by adjusting the pump power and polarization controller, the present invention does not record Q-switched operation, mainly due to the lower saturation intensity and modulation depth of the saturable absorber. At a cavity length of 25.7m we have recorded the properties of the pulsed laser as follows and figure 2 shows the output spectrum measured at a pump power of 27.1 mW. The central wavelength was 1561.7nm, with a half maximum of 4.67 nm. We observed in the inset of fig. 2 that a pair of distinct Kelly sidebands can be seen in the spectrum, indicating that mode-locking operation is in the conventional soliton region. Fig. 3 is a pulse sequence chart, and it can be seen that the time from one pulse to the next is 0.126 μ s. Fig. 4 is a graph of the length of the cavity versus the theoretical duration, and it can be seen that as the cavity is shortened, the pulse duration is reduced from 1.4ps to 548fs, and the fiber laser can reach the femtosecond level. Figure 5 shows a recorded radiofrequency spectrum at a resolution of 300Hz and within a bandwidth of 2 MHz. The basic repetition rate and signal-to-noise ratio were 7.95MHz and 35.4dB, respectively. The results of fig. 5 show that the present invention results in stable mode-locked pulses.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a mode locking femto second fiber laser based on chromium telluride germanide saturable absorber which characterized in that: the device comprises a pumping light source (1) and a laser resonant cavity, wherein the laser resonant cavity consists of a wavelength division multiplexer (2), an erbium-doped fiber (3), a first polarization controller (4), a polarization-independent isolator (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a chromium telluride-germanide saturable absorber (7), a second polarization controller (8) and an output coupler (9);
wherein the output end of the pump light source (1) is connected with the first input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is connected with one end of the erbium-doped optical fiber (3), the other end of the erbium-doped optical fiber (3) is connected with one end of the first polarization controller (4), the other end of the first polarization controller (4) is connected with the input end of the polarization-independent isolator (5), the output end of the polarization-independent isolator (5) is connected with one end of the single-mode optical fiber (6), the other end of the single-mode optical fiber (6) is connected with one end of the chromium germanium telluride saturable absorber (7), the other end of the chromium germanium telluride saturable absorber (7) is connected with one end of the second polarization controller (8), the other end of the second polarization controller (8) is connected with the input end of the output coupler (9), 90% of the output end of the output coupler (9) is connected with the second input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (2), forming a ring-shaped laser resonant cavity.
2. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the process of producing laser is that, pump light source (1) provides the pump light, in coupling into the annular chamber through wavelength division multiplexer (2), behind erbium-doped fiber (3) gain, in proper order through polarization controller (4), polarization-independent isolator (5), single mode fiber (6), tellurium germanium chromium saturable absorber (7), polarization controller (8) and output coupler (9), output coupler (9) is 10: 90, wherein 10% of output is used for measuring data, the rest 90% continues to operate in the laser resonant cavity (10), the polarization-independent isolator (5) ensures the unidirectional transmission of light in the cavity, and stable mode-locked pulse laser output is finally obtained by adjusting the value of the pump light source (1) and the polarization controller (4) and the polarization controller (8).
3. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the devices are all welded through single-mode optical fibers.
4. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pumping light source (1) is a semiconductor fiber laser coupled by a common single-mode fiber, the center wavelength of the semiconductor fiber laser is 980nm, and the pumping light source corresponds to a pumping absorption peak of the erbium-doped fiber (3).
5. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer (2) is 980/1550nm, and the tail fiber of the wavelength division multiplexer is a common single-mode optical fiber.
6. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gain medium of the resonant cavity is a section of erbium-doped fiber (3) with the length of about 30cm, and the type is Er-110.
7. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the first polarization controller (4) and the second polarization controller (8) both adopt three-piece coil rotary type polarization controllers.
8. The mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser based on the chromium telluride-germanium saturable absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the output coupler (9) adopts the following components: a 90 coupling ratio, with 10% signal light output for data measurement.
9. A mode locking femtosecond fiber laser based on a tellurium-germanium-chromium saturable absorber is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1: 1g of chromium telluride germanide powder was added to 60mL of 30% alcohol to prepare a chromium telluride germanide dispersion which was then placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10h and centrifuged in a centrifuge at 1500rpm for 30 min.
S2: mixing the chromium telluride germanide solution obtained in the step S1 and a 5 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol solution in a volume ratio of 1: 1, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5 hours in an ultrasonic cleaner to prepare a uniform tellurium-chromium germanium-polyvinyl alcohol film.
S3: 100. mu.L of the dispersion solution obtained in S2 was spin-coated on a petri dish to form a chromium telluride germanium-polyvinyl alcohol film, and then the petri dish was placed in a 30 ℃ drying oven for 24 hours.
S4: cutting a 1X 1mm portion from the culture dish obtained in S32The small piece is transferred to the end face of an optical fiber jumper wire and is connected with another optical fiber jumper wire by using an optical fiber flange adapter to form a saturable absorber based on chromium telluride germanide.
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Application publication date: 20220607 |