CN114597677A - Amplitude comparison direction-finding antenna array and anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system - Google Patents
Amplitude comparison direction-finding antenna array and anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114597677A CN114597677A CN202210088120.6A CN202210088120A CN114597677A CN 114597677 A CN114597677 A CN 114597677A CN 202210088120 A CN202210088120 A CN 202210088120A CN 114597677 A CN114597677 A CN 114597677A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0205—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a radial ranging direction-finding antenna array and an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system, wherein the radial ranging direction-finding antenna array comprises four antenna devices, and two adjacent antenna devices are vertically arranged to form an antenna array; the antenna device comprises a reflecting plate, a PCB and a pair of radiation arms arranged on the front side and the back side of the PCB, wherein the reflecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the PCB and is separated from the PCB by a first preset distance, parallel transmission lines are arranged on the PCB, and the antenna device feeds power through the symmetrical center positions of the radiation arms. The invention solves the technical problem of contradiction between high precision requirement of amplitude-comparison direction finding in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles in the prior art, direction finding efficiency with increased number of vibration elements and reduction of system integration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction finding positioning, in particular to a amplitude comparison direction finding antenna array and an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction finding positioning system.
Background
The antenna array is used as a key component for preventing the amplitude-comparison direction finding of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the direction finding precision and efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle preventing system are directly influenced by the number of receiving array elements. Increase array element figure, can increase the selectivity of system to the electromagnetic wave direction of reception to improve anti-unmanned aerial vehicle system's direction finding precision, but also need increase corresponding signal processing passageway or radio frequency change over switch passageway simultaneously, can lead to the increase of hardware cost and the integration degree of difficulty, and direction finding scanning time also can linear growth. The method has the advantages that the number of antenna array elements is reduced, more electromagnetic wave direction selectivity is realized, the direction finding precision and the integration level of a range-comparison direction finding system can be effectively improved, and better direction finding efficiency can be achieved compared with the range-comparison direction finding system with the same direction finding resolution.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array, in which yagi antennas have good direction selectivity, and yagi antennas are often used to form a circular array for amplitude-contrast direction finding to detect the incoming direction of electromagnetic waves in the horizontal direction. The cross section of the yagi antenna is large, so that the antenna array adopting the scheme is not easy to integrate with a signal processing unit or the cross section is large after the antenna array is integrated; the amplitude-comparison direction finding can calculate the direction of the electromagnetic wave through the corresponding relation between the strength of the electromagnetic wave signals received by each antenna of the antenna array and a receiving antenna directional diagram, the number of the receiving antenna units and the size of the direction finding algorithm virtual angle are in inverse correlation and are in positive correlation with the direction finding precision, the number of the antenna array units can be increased only by adopting the mode of FIG. 2 for improving the direction finding precision, but the hardware cost can be increased, and the direction finding efficiency is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, provides a range-specific direction-finding antenna array and an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system, and solves the technical problems of contradiction between high precision requirement of range-specific direction finding in the field of anti-unmanned aerial vehicles and increase of the number of vibration elements, direction-finding efficiency and reduction of system integration degree.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array, including four antenna devices, where two adjacent antenna devices are vertically arranged to form an antenna array;
the antenna device comprises a reflecting plate, a PCB and a pair of radiation arms arranged on the front side and the back side of the PCB, wherein the reflecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the PCB and is separated from the PCB by a first preset distance, parallel transmission lines are arranged on the PCB, and the antenna device feeds power through the symmetrical center positions of the radiation arms.
Preferably, in the amplitude comparison direction finding antenna array, the first preset distance is 1/4 of the antenna wavelength.
Preferably, in the amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array, the radiation arm pair includes four vibration arm pairs, each vibration arm pair includes two vibration arms distributed on the front and back surfaces of the PCB, the four vibration arms on the same surface of the PCB are distributed in a 2 × 2 array, and a second preset distance is arranged between the vibration arms on the same line.
Preferably, in the amplitude comparison direction finding antenna array, the second preset distance is 1/4 of the antenna wavelength.
Preferably, in the amplitude-versus-direction-finding antenna array, the antenna device further includes a plurality of impedance adjusting assemblies in one-to-one correspondence with the pair of vibration arms, and the impedance adjusting assemblies are disposed at intersections of the pair of vibration arms and electrically connected to the two vibration arms of the pair of vibration arms.
Preferably, in the amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array, the impedance adjusting assembly comprises a patch capacitor and a radio frequency switch, one end of the patch capacitor is electrically connected with the vibrating arm on the reverse side of the PCB through a metal via hole, the other end of the patch capacitor is connected with a path switching pin of the radio frequency switch, and a long-path pin of the radio frequency switch is electrically connected with the vibrating arm on the front side of the PCB.
Preferably, in the amplitude-versus-amplitude direction-finding antenna array, the patch capacitance is 1.2Pf patch capacitance.
Preferably, in the amplitude-versus-amplitude direction-finding antenna array, the radio-frequency switch is a single-channel radio-frequency gating switch.
Preferably, in the amplitude comparison direction finding antenna array, the radio frequency switch is controlled by a GPI O interface of the signal processing unit.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a passive direction finding positioning system for an unmanned aerial vehicle, which includes the amplitude comparison direction finding antenna array.
Compared with the prior art, the amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array and the anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system provided by the invention have the advantages that the cross section size is smaller, the incoming wave direction selectivity is more, the direction-finding efficiency is higher, and the gain and the beam width equivalent to those of a yagi antenna can be achieved by adopting a scheme of a dipole with multiple radiation arms and a reflector plate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another prior art layout of a single azimuth direction-finding antenna array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of a preferred embodiment of a radial-to-azimuth antenna array according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the radiation arm pair in the amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array provided by the present invention;
fig. 5a is a graph of simulation data of a receiving directional diagram of one state of a single radiation element of the amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array provided by the invention;
fig. 5b is a schematic view of simulation data of a reception direction diagram of another state of a single radiation unit of the amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array provided by the present invention;
fig. 5c is a receiving direction diagram simulation data diagram of a single radiation unit in another state of the amplitude comparison direction finding antenna array provided by the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a layout diagram of a 2.4G &5G dual-band amplitude-ratio direction-finding antenna array according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 3, the amplitude-comparing direction-finding antenna array according to the embodiment of the present invention includes four antenna devices, and two adjacent antenna devices are vertically disposed to form an antenna array.
The antenna device comprises a reflecting plate, a PCB and a pair of radiation arms arranged on the front side and the back side of the PCB, wherein the reflecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the PCB and is separated from the PCB by a first preset distance, parallel transmission lines are arranged on the PCB, and the antenna device feeds power through the symmetrical center positions of the radiation arms.
Compared with the amplitude direction-finding antenna array and the anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system, the cross section size is smaller, the incoming wave direction selectivity is more, the direction-finding efficiency is higher, and the gain and the beam width equivalent to those of a yagi antenna can be achieved by adopting a scheme that a dipole of a plurality of radiation arms is added with a reflector plate.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the antenna device composed of the PCB 1 and the reflection plate 11, the antenna device composed of the PCB 2 and the reflection plate 21, the antenna device composed of the PCB 3 and the reflection plate 31, and the antenna device composed of the PCB 4 and the reflection plate 41 are orthogonal to each other in pairs, the radiation arms are distributed on the front and back sides of the PCB, and are fed by the parallel transmission lines 131 and 132 distributed on the two sides of the PCB, and the feeding point 133 is located at the center of the parallel transmission lines.
In some embodiments, the PCB is made of metal plate or full copper clad PCB, and a through hole is formed in the center of the metal plate to facilitate the feeding coaxial cable to pass through and connect with the signal processing unit.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined distance is 1/4 times the antenna wavelength, i.e., the reflector plate is separated from the PCB by a distance of λ/4.
In some embodiments, the radiation arms may be arranged in various ways, for example, the radiation arms may be in a trapezoid structure, a diamond structure, an oval structure, and the like, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
Preferably, the radiation arm is right including four arms that shake, every the arm that shakes to including two distribute in the PCB board is just shaking the arm on two sides, is located four arms that shake of the same face on the PCB board are 2 x 2 array distribution, and are located the distance that predetermines of interval second between the arm that shakes of the same line.
Preferably, the second predetermined distance is 1/4 of the antenna wavelength.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the receiving antenna is composed of 4 pairs of λ/4 vibrating arms 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, the horizontally adjacent vibrating arms 121 and 123 (including 122 and 124, 125 and 127, 126 and 128) have a distance λ/4, each pair of vibrating arms 121 and 122 (including 123 and 124, 125 and 126, 127 and 128) is distributed on the front and back sides of the PCB, the feeding is performed through parallel transmission lines 131 and 132 distributed on the two sides of the PCB, and the feeding point 133 is located at the center of the parallel transmission lines.
In some embodiments, in order to adjust an electromagnetic wave receiving directional pattern of a single antenna device, the antenna device further includes a plurality of impedance adjusting assemblies in one-to-one correspondence with the pair of arms, and the impedance adjusting assemblies are disposed at intersections of the pair of arms and are electrically connected to two of the vibrating arms of the pair of arms.
Preferably, the impedance adjusting assembly comprises a chip capacitor and a radio frequency switch, one end of the chip capacitor is electrically connected with the vibrating arm on the reverse side of the PCB through a metal through hole, the other end of the chip capacitor is connected with the path switching pin of the radio frequency switch, and the long-path pin of the radio frequency switch is electrically connected with the vibrating arm on the front side of the PCB.
Preferably, the patch capacitor is 1.2Pf patch capacitor.
Preferably, the radio frequency switch is a single-channel radio frequency gating switch.
Preferably, the radio frequency switch is controlled by a GPIO interface of the signal processing unit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, in this embodiment, the impedance adjusting devices 12101, 12103, 12105, and 12107 are all 1.2Pf patch capacitors, and 12102, 12104, 12106, and 12108 are single-channel rf gating switches. As shown in fig. 3, a patch capacitor 12101 and a radio frequency switch 12102 are disposed at the bifurcation of the vibrating arms 121 and 122 of the receiving unit PCB, and a patch capacitor 12103, a radio frequency switch 1204, a patch capacitor 12105, a radio frequency switch 12106, a patch capacitor 12107, and a radio frequency switch 12108 are also disposed at the intersection of other vibrating arm pairs; one end of each of the patch capacitors 12101, 12103, 12105 and 12107 is connected to the branch of the radiating arm on the back side of the PCB through a metal via, the other end is connected to a switch selection pin of the rf switches 12102, 12104, 12106 and 12108, and the normally-on pin of the rf switch is connected to the branch of the other radiating arm on the front side of the PCB.
Furthermore, the vibrating arms 121 and 122, the patch capacitor 12101 and the rf switch 12102 form a receiving assembly 101, the vibrating arms 123 and 124, the patch capacitor 12103 and the rf switch 12104 form a receiving assembly 102, the vibrating arms 125 and 126, the patch capacitor 12105 and the rf switch 12106 form a receiving assembly 103, and the vibrating arms 127 and 128, the patch capacitor 12107 and the rf switch 12108 form a receiving assembly 104; the receiving elements 101 and 102(103 and 104) are electromagnetic wave receiving direction regulators.
In the embodiment, a 2.4G frequency band commonly used by a civil unmanned aerial vehicle is selected to simulate the switching of the receiving directional diagram of the antenna unit. When the rf switches 12102, 12104, 12106, 12108 in the components 101, 102, 103, 104 are in the off state, the receiving unit electromagnetic wave reception direction is as shown in fig. 5a, and the maximum incoming wave gain direction is 90 degrees; when the rf switches 12102, 12106 in the components 101, 103 are connected to the capacitors 12101, 12105 respectively, and the rf switches 12104, 12108 in the components 102, 104 are in the off state, the receiving unit electromagnetic wave receiving direction is as shown in fig. 5b, and the maximum incoming wave gain direction is 120 degrees; when the rf switches 12104, 12108 of the components 102, 104 are connected to the capacitors 12103, 121007, respectively, and the rf switches 12102, 12106 of the components 101, 103 are in the off state, the receiving unit electromagnetic wave receiving direction is as shown in fig. 5c, and the maximum incoming wave gain direction is 60 degrees; similarly, the array units 2, 3, and 4 are configured to obtain 12 incoming wave reception directivity states of 0 degree (360 degrees), 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 150 degrees, 180 degrees, 210 degrees, 240 degrees, 270 degrees, 300 degrees, and 330 degrees in the horizontal plane. Obviously, more receiving directional diagrams of the antenna units can be switched by using more capacitors and inductors and selecting more radio frequency switch channels.
The antenna array of the embodiment uses 4-plane solid antenna receiving units to realize the selectable states of 12 incoming wave receiving directional diagrams, compared with the conventional scheme, the antenna array uses fewer array units to realize more directional selectivity, and the direction finding precision and the system integration level are improved. The incoming wave direction scanning scheme of this embodiment can be divided into two steps of rough scanning and fine scanning, the impedance adjusting device of the antenna unit is firstly disconnected, 4-plane entity antenna units (corresponding to the maximum gain directions of incoming waves of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees) are used, the incoming direction of target signal electromagnetic waves is rapidly scanned, after the angle between the incoming direction of the roughly measured electromagnetic waves and the maximum gain direction of the entity antenna array element is included, the impedance of virtual components of two entity antenna units adjacent to the incoming wave direction is adjusted through GPIO control signals of the signal processing unit, so that the antenna array has more receiving direction selectivity in the incoming wave direction, and the direction-finding resolution and the direction-finding efficiency of the system are balanced.
Fig. 6 also provides an antenna array layout scheme of a dual-frequency direction-finding system, which can use a smaller number of antenna elements per direction-finding frequency band to achieve more electromagnetic wave direction-finding selectivity.
Based on the amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array, the embodiment of the invention also correspondingly provides an unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system, which comprises the amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array in the embodiments, and the amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array is described in detail above, so that the details are not repeated herein.
In conclusion, the ratio-amplitude direction-finding antenna array and the anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system provided by the invention have the advantages that the cross section size is smaller, the incoming wave direction selectivity is higher, the direction-finding efficiency is higher, and the gain and the beam width equivalent to those of a yagi antenna can be achieved by adopting a scheme of a dipole with multiple radiation arms and a reflector plate. The impedance of horizontally adjacent radiation branches is adjusted by using a patch capacitor and a radio frequency switch, so that a radiation unit directional diagram is switched; more than three incoming wave direction selectivities can be achieved by matching one receiving unit with the GPIO control signal.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array is characterized by comprising four antenna devices, wherein two adjacent antenna devices are vertically arranged to form an antenna array;
the antenna device comprises a reflecting plate, a PCB and a pair of radiation arms arranged on the front side and the back side of the PCB, wherein the reflecting plate is arranged on the inner side of the PCB and is separated from the PCB by a first preset distance, parallel transmission lines are arranged on the PCB, and the antenna device feeds power through the symmetrical center positions of the radiation arms.
2. The radial direction finding antenna array of claim 1 wherein said first predetermined distance is 1/4 of an antenna wavelength.
3. The amplitude-contrast direction-finding antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the radiating arm pair comprises four vibrating arm pairs, each vibrating arm pair comprises two vibrating arms distributed on the front and back sides of the PCB, the four vibrating arms on the same side of the PCB are distributed in a 2 x 2 array, and the vibrating arms on the same row are spaced by a second preset distance.
4. The radial direction finding antenna array of claim 3 wherein said second predetermined distance is 1/4 of the antenna wavelength.
5. The amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array as claimed in claim 4, wherein the antenna device further comprises a plurality of impedance adjusting components corresponding to the pair of arms one to one, the impedance adjusting components are disposed at the intersections of the pair of arms and electrically connected to the two vibrating arms of the pair of arms.
6. The amplitude-comparison direction-finding antenna array according to claim 5, wherein the impedance adjusting assembly comprises a patch capacitor and a radio frequency switch, one end of the patch capacitor is electrically connected with the vibrating arm on the reverse side of the PCB through a metal through hole, the other end of the patch capacitor is connected with a path switching pin of the radio frequency switch, and a long path pin of the radio frequency switch is electrically connected with the vibrating arm on the front side of the PCB.
7. The radial-azimuth directional antenna array of claim 6, wherein the patch capacitance is 1.2Pf patch capacitance.
8. The broadside direction-finding antenna array of claim 6, wherein said radio-frequency switch is a single-channel radio-frequency gated switch.
9. The broadside direction-finding antenna array of claim 6, wherein said radio frequency switch is controlled by a GPIO interface of a signal processing unit.
10. An unmanned passive direction finding positioning system, comprising a range-finding direction-finding antenna array according to any one of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210088120.6A CN114597677A (en) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-01-25 | Amplitude comparison direction-finding antenna array and anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210088120.6A CN114597677A (en) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-01-25 | Amplitude comparison direction-finding antenna array and anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114597677A true CN114597677A (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210088120.6A Pending CN114597677A (en) | 2022-01-25 | 2022-01-25 | Amplitude comparison direction-finding antenna array and anti-unmanned aerial vehicle passive direction-finding positioning system |
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| CN (1) | CN114597677A (en) |
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- 2022-01-25 CN CN202210088120.6A patent/CN114597677A/en active Pending
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