CN215816403U - Four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna - Google Patents
Four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN215816403U CN215816403U CN202121148384.3U CN202121148384U CN215816403U CN 215816403 U CN215816403 U CN 215816403U CN 202121148384 U CN202121148384 U CN 202121148384U CN 215816403 U CN215816403 U CN 215816403U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna, which comprises a shielding layer, an antenna cover, a microstrip antenna layer, a dielectric substrate and an antenna supporting plate, wherein the antenna cover is arranged on the shielding layer; the shielding layer is positioned above the antenna housing; the antenna housing is positioned above the microstrip antenna layer; the medium substrate is positioned below the microstrip antenna layer, and the antenna supporting plate is positioned below the medium substrate; the microstrip antenna layer comprises a first feed network, a second feed network, a first feed line array group and a second feed line array group, wherein the first feed line array group and the second feed line array group are arranged between the first feed network and the second feed network; the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group have the same outline, and the serial feeders of the first feeder array group and the serial feeders of the second feeder array group are arranged at intervals to form an axisymmetric relationship with the crossed line as a symmetry axis; the first feed network and the second feed network are electrically connected with the first feed line array group and the second feed line array group. The utility model provides a radar antenna with four-beam pointing and better shaping capability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna.
Background
When the aircraft flies between the land and the sea surface, the reflected energy has different frequency characteristics due to the difference of scattering characteristics between the sea surface and the land, and the reflected energy shows that the power spectrum shifts to the low-frequency end in the Doppler response. This relative offset, commonly referred to as sea-to-land drift, can cause significant velocity measurement errors in doppler radar systems.
Currently, there are two main approaches to overcome the above-mentioned sea-land drift effects. One method is to switch each beam of the antenna between two positions, but additional hardware is required, and the corresponding system processing time is also prolonged; another approach is to "ellipse shape" the 3dB profile of the main beam of the array antenna to attenuate the relative shifts in the spectral response corresponding to land and sea.
But at present, the array antenna with better shaping capability and more convenient use of structural performance is lacked.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a four-beam doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna, which realizes a four-beam directional radar antenna with better shaping capability.
The purpose of the utility model is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model discloses a four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna, which comprises a microstrip antenna layer and is characterized in that the microstrip antenna layer comprises a first feed network, a second feed network, a first feeder array group and a second feeder array group, wherein the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group are arranged between the first feed network and the second feed network;
the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group have the same outline and comprise N serial feeders which are same in number and arranged in parallel; the serial feeders of the first feeder array group and the serial feeders of the second feeder array group are arranged at intervals, so that the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group are mutually crossed to form an axisymmetric relation with the crossed lines as symmetry axes;
the first feed network and the second feed network are electrically connected with the first feed line array group and the second feed line array group; the first feed network provides a first feed port and a second feed port for the antenna, and the second feed network provides a third feed port and a fourth feed port for the antenna.
Further, the first feed network or the second feed network each comprises N four-port bridges connected in a cascade manner;
the first feed network and the second feed network electrically connect the first feed port, the second feed port, the third feed port and the fourth feed port with the first feed array group and the second feed array group respectively through the four-port bridge.
Furthermore, the four-port bridge is a Chinese character 'ri' bridge, and ports a-d of the Chinese character 'ri' bridge are adjacent in sequence; in the first feed network, a port c of a previous-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with a port a of a next-stage Ri-shaped bridge to form a cascade relation of the bridges; wherein, the port a of the first-stage Chinese character 'ri' shaped bridge is connected with the first feed port; the port b of the ith-level inverted-Y-shaped bridge is connected with the ith serial feed line of the first feed line array group, and the port c is also connected with the ith serial feed line of the second feed line array group through a double-conversion branch section; the ports d of each level of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge are connected together after passing through a double-conversion branch node and then are connected with the second feed port.
Further, the four-port bridge is a "Chinese character ri" -shaped bridge; the ports a-d of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge are adjacent in sequence; in the second feed network, a port c of a previous-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with a port a of a next-stage Ri-shaped bridge to form a cascade relation of the bridges; the port a of the first-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with the third feed port; a port a of the ith-level Ri-shaped bridge is connected with an ith serial feed line of the first feed line array group through a double conversion branch node, and a port b is connected with an ith serial feed line of the second feed line array group; the port d of each level of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge is connected together after passing through a double-conversion branch node and then is connected with the fourth feed port.
Further, each of the serial feed lines includes a feed line and a plurality of patches connected in series on the feed line.
Further, still include: a radome positioned over the microstrip antenna layer; a dielectric substrate positioned below the microstrip antenna layer and an antenna supporting plate positioned below the dielectric substrate;
and a shielding layer is etched or arranged on the region of the upper surface of the antenna housing corresponding to the first feed network and the second feed network.
Furthermore, the material of the antenna supporting plate is aluminum, and the surface of the antenna supporting plate is subjected to conductive oxidation treatment.
Furthermore, the microstrip antenna layer and the antenna housing are both formed by processing dielectric plates with two sides coated with copper.
Further, the dielectric plate is Rogers RT/duroid 6002.
Further, the device also comprises a mounting hole; the mounting holes are distributed around the antenna housing, and the microstrip antenna layer and the antenna housing are fixed on the antenna supporting plate through the mounting holes.
The utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the 3dB profile of the antenna main lobe is approximate to an ellipse under a gamma-psi coordinate system, and the long axis and the short axis are parallel to the coordinate axes, so that the antenna has the forming capability of separability of a directional diagram.
2. The two groups of microstrip series feed line arrays forming the antenna are arranged in a staggered mode, so that each wave beam can utilize the aperture of the whole antenna.
3. The feed network consists of cascaded Ri-shaped bridges. The "Rig" bridge allows for feeding to the opposite port while maintaining isolation of more than-25 dB from the adjacent ports.
4. The microstrip antenna and the antenna housing are integrally designed. The upper surface of the antenna cover is coated with copper corresponding to the part of the microstrip feed network so as to shield the radiation of the feed network and improve the reliability of the antenna.
5. The antenna has the advantages of compact integral structure, low profile and easy processing.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip planar array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified structural diagram of a microstrip antenna layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a configuration relationship of a feeding port according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a "Ridge" bridge configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a modified structure of a "Ri" -shaped bridge according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a beam configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a top view of the upper surface of the antenna housing in an embodiment of the utility model.
Reference numerals:
11-mounting hole, 12-shielding layer, 13-antenna housing, 14-microstrip antenna layer, 15-dielectric substrate, 16-antenna supporting plate;
a-a first feeder array group, B-a second feeder array group, 1-a first feed network, 1 ' -a second feed network, 2-a Chinese character ' ri ' shaped bridge structure, 3-double transformation branches, 4-feeders and 5-patches.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the utility model serve to explain the principles of the utility model.
A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a four-beam doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna, as shown in fig. 1, including a shielding layer 12, an antenna cover 13, a microstrip antenna layer 14, a dielectric substrate 15, and an antenna supporting plate 16.
Wherein, the shielding layer 12 is located above the antenna cover 13, the antenna cover 13 is located above the microstrip antenna layer 14, the dielectric substrate 15 is located below the microstrip antenna layer 14, and the antenna support plate 16 is located below the dielectric substrate 15.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, the microstrip antenna layer 14 includes a first feed network, a second feed network, a first feed line array group and a second feed line array group, which are arranged between the first feed network and the second feed network;
the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group have the same outline and comprise N serial feeders which are same in number and arranged in parallel; the serial feeders of the first feeder array group and the serial feeders of the second feeder array group are arranged at intervals, so that the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group are mutually crossed to form an axisymmetric relation with the crossed lines as symmetry axes;
the first feed network and the second feed network are electrically connected with the first feed line array group and the second feed line array group; wherein the first feed network provides a first feed port (port 1) and a second feed port (port 2) for the antenna and the second feed network provides a third feed port (port 3) and a fourth feed port (port 4) for the antenna.
In the particular embodiment of figure 2 of the drawings,
the first feeder array group comprises 8 serial feeders in total 1a-1h, and the outline of the feeder array group is a first parallelogram after the serial feeders are arranged in parallel;
the number of the serial feed lines included in the second feed line array group is the same as that of the serial feed lines included in the first feed line array group;
after the plurality of serial feeder arrays of the second feeder array group are arranged in parallel, the outline of the microstrip serial feeder array group is a second parallelogram;
the plurality of serial feed lines of the first feed line array group and the plurality of serial feed line arrays of the second feed line array group are arranged at intervals,
as shown in fig. 4, the first parallelogram and the second parallelogram have the same shape and are intersected with each other, and are axisymmetric about the intersection after being intersected;
through the method, the 3dB profile of the main beam of the antenna radiated by the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group is approximate to an ellipse under a gamma-psi coordinate system; preferably, by changing the angles of the first parallelogram and the second parallelogram, namely the inclination angles of the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group, the beam direction can be changed, namely the ellipse shaping of the main beam 3dB profile generated by the antenna under a gamma-psi coordinate system is realized, the gamma-psi separation can be realized by the shaping, and the relative offset of the frequency spectrum response corresponding to the land and the sea can be effectively weakened. Where γ is the angle between the beam axis and the X-axis, and ψ is the angle between the beam and the Z-axis, where the X-axis is the aircraft heading and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the plane in which the antenna lies.
Specifically, the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group both adopt doppler distribution, and each serial feeder of the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group includes a feeder and a plurality of patches connected in series on the feeder.
Preferably, the phase difference between the patches is adjusted by changing the bending degree of the feeder line between the patches; the length and the width of each patch are related to the excitation amplitude and the working frequency of the planar array antenna;
the excitation amplitude can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the patch, and the length of the patch is adjusted to adapt to the working frequency of the microstrip planar array antenna.
Specifically, the first feed network or the second feed network adopts taylor distribution and comprises N four-port bridges connected in a cascade manner;
the first feed network and the second feed network electrically connect the first feed port, the second feed port, the third feed port and the fourth feed port with the first feed array group and the second feed array group respectively through the four-port bridge;
in addition, the array further comprises a plurality of double conversion branches connected with the four-port bridge, and the double conversion branches are used for adjusting the power ratio of each output port so that the amplitude distribution of the array along the Y' axis is Taylor distribution.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the four-port bridge is a "ri" -shaped bridge, and ports a to d of the "ri" -shaped bridge are adjacent in sequence; the "B-shaped bridge can realize the feeding of the opposite ports, and the side length of the" B-shaped bridge "is optimized to keep the isolation of the adjacent ports above-25 dB.
As shown in fig. 6, the "ri" -shaped bridge is tilted, so that the space occupied by the "ri" -shaped bridge structure can be compressed, and the phase difference between the ports b and c meets the beam pointing requirement. The phase difference generated after the phase difference is connected with the feed lines at the two ends just meets the phase requirement of the beam pointing angle.
Specifically, in the first feed network, a port c of a previous stage "ri" -shaped bridge is connected with a port a of a next stage "ri" -shaped bridge to form a cascade relationship of the bridges; wherein, the port a of the first-stage Chinese character 'ri' shaped bridge is connected with the first feed port; the port b of the ith-level inverted-Y-shaped bridge is connected with the ith serial feed line of the first feed line array group, and the port c is also connected with the ith serial feed line of the second feed line array group through a double-conversion branch section; the ports d of each level of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge are connected together after passing through a double-conversion branch node and then are connected with the second feed port.
In the second feed network, a port c of a previous-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with a port a of a next-stage Ri-shaped bridge to form a cascade relation of the bridges; the port a of the first-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with the third feed port; a port a of the ith-level Ri-shaped bridge is connected with an ith serial feed line of the first feed line array group through a double conversion branch node, and a port b is connected with an ith serial feed line of the second feed line array group; the port d of each level of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge is connected together after passing through a double-conversion branch node and then is connected with the fourth feed port.
Furthermore, after the first feed network and the second feed network are both connected with the first feed array group and the second feed array group at the same time, if the feed is carried out from the first feed port, the fourth feed port is a coupling port, and the second feed port and the third feed port are isolation ports; if the power is fed from the third feeding port, the second feeding port is a coupling port, and the first feeding port and the fourth feeding port are isolation ports.
The microstrip planar array antenna can generate one beam by feeding from each feeding port. Thus, the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group can respectively generate two beams, and four beams are generated in total. The first feed network and the second feed network both adopt a forward scanning design, and the first microstrip serial feed line array group and the second microstrip serial feed line array group both adopt a backward scanning design.
As shown in fig. 7, the first feed port corresponds to the obliquely pointed beam a1, the second feed port corresponds to the obliquely pointed beam a2, the third feed port corresponds to the obliquely pointed beam A3, and the fourth feed port corresponds to the obliquely pointed beam a 4.
Optionally, the microstrip planar array antenna further includes a radome 13 located above the microstrip antenna layer 14, a shielding layer 12 located above the radome 13, a dielectric substrate 15 located below the microstrip antenna layer 14, and an antenna supporting plate 16 located below the dielectric substrate 15.
Optionally, the antenna support plate 16 is made of aluminum, and the surface of the antenna support plate is subjected to conductive oxidation treatment.
Optionally, the microstrip antenna layer 14 and the radome 13 are both formed by processing a dielectric plate with copper coated on both sides, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate changes less with temperature and frequency, so as to ensure the stability of the beam pointing angle.
Optionally, the copper-clad thickness is 0.035 mm.
Optionally, the dielectric plate is Rogers RT/duroid 6002.
Optionally, the thickness ratio of the dielectric substrate 15 to the radome 13 is 1: 6, the thickness of the antenna backing plate 16 is 4 mm.
Optionally, the microstrip planar array antenna further includes a mounting hole 11, as shown in fig. 8, a shielding metal layer 12 is further etched or provided on a region of the upper surface of the radome corresponding to the feed networks 1 and 1'. The mounting holes 11 are distributed around the antenna housing 13, and the microstrip antenna layer 14 and the antenna housing 13 are fixed to the antenna support plate 16 through the mounting holes 11.
Optionally, the overall external dimension of the microstrip antenna layer 14 is 340mm × 146 mm.
Compared with the prior planar array antenna, the utility model has the following advantages:
1. conventional rectangular aperture array antennas typically employ an amplitude profile that is separable along the X-Y axis: the directivity diagram corresponding to the aperture distribution can be separated by γ - σ, and the directivity diagram function can be expressed as: f (γ, σ) is s (γ) t (σ). Since the scattering coefficient of the water surface is related to the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, it is desirable that the antenna pattern be separable with respect to γ - ψ, which eliminates the "sea-land" drift phenomenon that affects the accuracy of system velocity measurement. The aperture amplitude distribution function of the microstrip array antenna of the embodiment of the utility model can be separated along an X-Y' axis: a (X, Y ') is f (X) g' (Y '), and Y' is a projection of the beam pointing vector in the X-Y plane of the antenna aperture plane. This "tilted" amplitude distribution produces a pattern that can be γ - ζ separated, and whose pattern function can be expressed as: f (γ, ζ) ═ s (γ) t '(ζ), where ζ is the angle of the beam pointing vector with the y' axis. Because ζ is complementary to ψ, the antenna pattern can be separated approximately γ - ψ in the region of the 3dB main lobe, and the 3dB profile embodied as the antenna main lobe is approximately an ellipse in the γ - ψ coordinate system, and the long and short axes are parallel to the coordinate axes. This "shaping" capability for pattern separability is not available with conventional planar array antennas.
2. The two groups of microstrip series feed line arrays forming the antenna are arranged in a staggered mode, so that each wave beam can utilize the aperture of the whole antenna. The micro-strip serial feed line array group works in a traveling wave state, the amplitude distribution adopts Doppler distribution, namely, the power is fed from different ends, and beams with opposite pointing angles can be generated. The linear array inclination angle is the included angle between the projection Y 'axis and the X axis of the beam pointing vector in the X-Y plane, and the inclination arrangement enables the array amplitude distribution to be separable along the X-Y' axis, so that the main beam of the antenna has the gamma-psi separable characteristic.
3. The feed network consists of cascaded Ri-shaped bridges. The "Rig" bridge allows for feeding to the opposite port while maintaining isolation of more than-25 dB from the adjacent ports. Meanwhile, the Ri-shaped bridge is obliquely deformed, so that the phase difference generated after the Ri-shaped bridge is connected with the feeder lines at the two ends just meets the phase requirement of the beam pointing angle. In addition, the power ratio of each output port is adjusted by adopting a double-branch conversion section, so that the amplitude distribution of the array along the Y' axis is Taylor distribution.
4. The microstrip antenna and the antenna housing are integrally designed. The upper surface of the antenna cover is coated with copper corresponding to the part of the microstrip feed network so as to shield the radiation of the feed network. Meanwhile, the dielectric loading effect of the antenna housing can shorten the dielectric wavelength of the microstrip feeder line and the size of the microstrip patch, thereby facilitating array arrangement and meeting the phase stepping among the linear arrays. In addition, the antenna and the antenna housing are integrally designed, so that the influence of the antenna housing on the beam pointing angle is considered in the design, and the reliability of the antenna is improved.
5. The antenna has the advantages of compact integral structure, low profile and easy processing.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna is characterized by comprising a shielding layer, an antenna cover, a microstrip antenna layer, a dielectric substrate and an antenna supporting plate;
the shielding layer is positioned above the antenna housing; the antenna housing is positioned above the microstrip antenna layer; the medium substrate is positioned below the microstrip antenna layer, and the antenna supporting plate is positioned below the medium substrate;
the microstrip antenna layer comprises a first feed network, a second feed network, a first feed line array group and a second feed line array group, wherein the first feed network and the second feed network are arranged between the first feed network and the second feed network;
the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group have the same outline and comprise N serial feeders which are same in number and arranged in parallel; the serial feeders of the first feeder array group and the serial feeders of the second feeder array group are arranged at intervals, so that the first feeder array group and the second feeder array group are mutually crossed to form an axisymmetric relation with the crossed lines as symmetry axes;
the first feed network and the second feed network are electrically connected with the first feed line array group and the second feed line array group; the first feed network provides a first feed port and a second feed port for the antenna, and the second feed network provides a third feed port and a fourth feed port for the antenna.
2. The doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 1 wherein the first or second feed network each comprises N four-port bridges connected in a cascade;
the first feed network and the second feed network electrically connect the first feed port, the second feed port, the third feed port and the fourth feed port with the first feed array group and the second feed array group respectively through the four-port bridge.
3. The Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the four-port bridge is a "Ri" bridge, and ports a-d of the "Ri" bridge are adjacent in sequence; in the first feed network, a port c of a previous-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with a port a of a next-stage Ri-shaped bridge to form a cascade relation of the bridges; wherein, the port a of the first-stage Chinese character 'ri' shaped bridge is connected with the first feed port; the port b of the ith-level inverted-Y-shaped bridge is connected with the ith serial feed line of the first feed line array group, and the port c is also connected with the ith serial feed line of the second feed line array group through a double-conversion branch section; the ports d of each level of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge are connected together after passing through a double-conversion branch node and then are connected with the second feed port.
4. The doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 2 wherein said four-port bridge is a "ri" shaped bridge; the ports a-d of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge are adjacent in sequence; in the second feed network, a port c of a previous-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with a port a of a next-stage Ri-shaped bridge to form a cascade relation of the bridges; the port a of the first-stage Ri-shaped bridge is connected with the third feed port; a port a of the ith-level Ri-shaped bridge is connected with an ith serial feed line of the first feed line array group through a double conversion branch node, and a port b is connected with an ith serial feed line of the second feed line array group; the port d of each level of the Chinese character ri-shaped bridge is connected together after passing through a double-conversion branch node and then is connected with the fourth feed port.
5. The doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 1 wherein each of said series of feed lines comprises a feed line and a plurality of patches connected in series on the feed line.
6. The doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: a radome positioned over the microstrip antenna layer; a dielectric substrate positioned below the microstrip antenna layer and an antenna supporting plate positioned below the dielectric substrate;
and a shielding layer is etched or arranged on the region of the upper surface of the antenna housing corresponding to the first feed network and the second feed network.
7. The Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the antenna carrier is made of aluminum and has a surface treated by conductive oxidation.
8. The Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the microstrip antenna layer and the radome are both fabricated from dielectric sheets with copper clad on both sides.
9. The doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 8, wherein the dielectric plate is Rogers RT/duroid 6002.
10. The doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna according to claim 6 further comprising a mounting hole; the mounting holes are distributed around the antenna housing, and the microstrip antenna layer and the antenna housing are fixed on the antenna supporting plate through the mounting holes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121148384.3U CN215816403U (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121148384.3U CN215816403U (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna |
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| CN215816403U true CN215816403U (en) | 2022-02-11 |
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| CN202121148384.3U Active CN215816403U (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Four-beam Doppler radar microstrip planar array antenna |
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