CN114593362A

CN114593362A - Solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure and hydrogen storage system

Info

Publication number: CN114593362A
Application number: CN202210408073.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘学武; 陈淑花
Original assignee: Dalian University of Technology; Dalian University
Current assignee: Dalian University of Technology; Dalian University
Priority date: 2022-04-19
Filing date: 2022-04-19
Publication date: 2022-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-19
Also published as: CN114593362B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage equipment, in particular to a solid alloy hydrogen storage quick heat transfer structure, wherein an internal concentric tube and an external concentric tube are concentrically arranged, the first ends of the internal concentric tube and the external concentric tube are sealed by a flange sealing end cover, the second end of the external concentric tube is a threaded tube concentrically arranged with the external concentric tube, the threaded sealing end cover is hermetically connected with the threaded tube through threads, a hydrogen space is formed between the internal concentric tube and the external concentric tube, a sleeve is sleeved on the inner side of the external concentric tube, the outer wall of the sleeve is adjacent to the external concentric tube, the outer ring surface of the concentric tube is provided with a plurality of fin groups, each fin group is of an annular structure, the surface of each fin group is perforated, the fin groups are connected with the internal concentric tube in a compression joint mode, and the diameter of each fin group is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve. The heat transfer structure can rapidly transfer heat released by reaction when the metal stores hydrogen and rapidly provide heat required by reaction when the metal releases hydrogen. The invention also provides a hydrogen storage system.

Description

Solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure and hydrogen storage system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage equipment, in particular to a solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure and a hydrogen storage system.

Background

Hydrogen as an energy carrier has been increasingly attracting great interest in various academic and industrial circles, has the advantages of high energy heat value density, cyclic utilization and no pollution of emission, becomes the best choice for replacing hydrocarbon fuel at the present stage, can particularly provide power for hydrogen fuel cell automobiles, greatly reduces the dependence on fuel oil, and has wide application prospect.

The storage and transportation of hydrogen are key problems affecting the effective development of hydrogen, and at present, there are three representative hydrogen storage methods, including high-pressure gaseous storage, low-temperature liquid storage, and solid storage.

The high-pressure gas storage is a mature technology applied at present, the hydrogen storage mode is to compress hydrogen into a high-pressure gas cylinder, and the high-pressure gas storage is characterized by simple structure, low cost and convenient hydrogen charging and discharging, but the quality hydrogen storage density index is lower, and the internal working state of the hydrogen gas cylinder is high pressure, and leakage or explosion is a potential safety hazard. The low-temperature liquid storage is to store liquefied hydrogen in a low-temperature heat-insulating container, and the density of the liquid hydrogen is far greater than that of gaseous hydrogen, so that the density of the mass hydrogen storage is higher, however, the preparation of the liquid hydrogen needs to be compressed, cooled and stored in a heat-insulating low-temperature box, the energy consumption is very high, the occupied area of the low-temperature box is large, the maintenance cost is high, and the volatilization and vaporization of the hydrogen are difficult to avoid in the transportation process.

In various storage and transportation modes of hydrogen, the solid-state hydrogen storage converts hydrogen into a solid-state form and stores the hydrogen in a solid material, and the principle is that the hydrogen is stored by forming a metal hydride with an alloy hydrogen storage material, and then the hydrogen is released from the hydride by operations of heating, reducing pressure and the like. Compared with high-pressure gaseous storage and low-temperature liquid storage, the solid-state hydrogen storage has the advantages that the influence of chemical reaction rate is received in the hydrogen absorbing and releasing process, the explosion risk is low, the storage pressure is not high, and a high-pressure container is not needed, so that the safety is higher. Secondly, the solid hydrogen storage has higher volume hydrogen storage density, and also has the advantages of high hydrogen purity, convenient operation and the like. Therefore, the development of solid hydrogen storage materials and hydrogen storage container structures which can conveniently, safely and efficiently store hydrogen is an important direction for the development of hydrogen energy.

According to the solid-state hydrogen storage principle, the system releases heat when the hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen and absorbs heat when the metal releases hydrogen. The hydrogen storage container of basis is general steel pressure vessel, places hydrogen storage alloy in wherein, realizes filling hydrogen function through intake pipe and outlet duct, and container heat transfer speed is slow, natural heat exchange efficiency is lower, and the material is heated unevenly in the container, and the heat effect that the alloy was filled and is put the hydrogen in-process influences hydrogen storage efficiency greatly, and the alloy can produce the powder and pile up the effect filling hydrogen in-process, heat effect when being difficult to control hydrogen absorption and release, influences the speed of hydrogen absorption and release and inhale the hydrogen volume effect. The existing improvement mode generally improves the hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material (Chinese patent 202010053415.0) or improves the spatial distribution of the hydrogen storage material (Chinese patent 202010129942.5), but the heat transfer effect of the structure is general, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption are greatly restricted by the temperature; or some structures improve the internal structure of the container, and utilize convection of heat exchange media to strengthen heat transfer (Chinese patent 201920706509.6), etc., although the hydrogen storage performance of the hydrogen storage container can be improved, the structure thereof causes that the processing is more complex, the technical requirement is higher and the whole hydrogen storage structure is lacked.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure, which can rapidly transfer heat released by a reaction when a metal stores hydrogen, and rapidly provide heat required by the reaction when the metal releases hydrogen. The invention also provides a hydrogen storage system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

in a first technical scheme, the solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure comprises a hydrogen storage pipe, wherein the hydrogen storage pipe comprises an internal concentric pipe, a plurality of fin groups, an external concentric pipe, a sleeve, a screwed pipe, a thread sealing end cover and a flange sealing end cover, the internal concentric pipe and the external concentric pipe are concentrically arranged, first ends of the internal concentric pipe and the external concentric pipe are sealed by the flange sealing end cover, a second end of the external concentric pipe is a screwed pipe concentrically arranged with the external concentric pipe, the thread sealing end cover is hermetically connected with the screwed pipe through threads so as to seal a second end of the external concentric pipe, a hydrogen space is formed between the internal concentric pipe and the external concentric pipe, the sleeve is sleeved on the inner side of the external concentric pipe, the outer wall of the sleeve is adjacent to the external concentric pipe, the outer ring surface of the concentric pipe is provided with the plurality of fin groups at equal intervals, the fin groups are of annular structures and have surface perforations, the fin group is connected with the internal concentric tube in a compression joint mode, and the diameter of the fin group is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve.

In the first technical solution, preferably, the inner concentric tubes are externally sleeved with distance tubes, and two adjacent fin groups are fixed in distance by the distance tubes.

In the first technical solution, preferably, the sleeve is a cylindrical barrel with an open top, the central angle subtended by the barrel wall of the sleeve is 270 to 330 degrees, the gap is oriented vertically upwards, and the internal concentric tube is arranged in the sleeve to facilitate the filling and unloading of the hydrogen storage material; the sleeve and the inner concentric tube are of an integrated structure, and the sleeve and the inner concentric tube are integrally inserted into the outer concentric tube.

In the first technical solution, preferably, the length of the inner concentric tube is longer than that of the outer concentric tube and the sleeve, and a positioning chassis and a handle for loading and unloading the inner concentric tube are arranged on a part of the inner concentric tube extending out of the outer concentric tube and the sleeve.

In the first technical solution, preferably, the outer side tube wall of the external concentric tube is welded with a baffle group for changing the flow direction of the heat exchange medium in the channel and enabling the heat exchange medium and the tube wall to fully exchange heat.

In the first technical scheme, as preferred, the flange seal end cover is connected with the first end of the external concentric tube through welding, the outside of the flange seal end cover is welded with a hydrogen outlet and inlet tube of a quick connector, the hydrogen outlet and inlet tube is welded with a sintered tube corresponding to the inside of the hydrogen storage tube, the hydrogen outlet and inlet tube is aligned with the sintered tube, and the flange seal end cover is welded with a stainless steel sleeve for extending into a thermocouple.

In the first technical solution, preferably, a jacket is arranged outside the hydrogen storage tube, a first end of the jacket main body is open, a second end of the jacket main body is closed, a flange plate is arranged at the first end of the jacket, the flange plate is connected with the flange sealing end cover through a bolt and a nut, an O-ring for sealing is arranged on the flange plate and the flange sealing end cover opposite to each other, the cylinder of the hydrogen storage tube is arranged in the cylinder of the jacket, and a gap between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tube and the inner cavity of the jacket forms a heat exchange medium channel; the outer wall of the cylinder of the jacket is welded with a first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and a first heat exchange medium outlet pipe, the orientations of the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe are matched with the baffle group, and the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe are used for enabling heat exchange media to flow into and flow out of the heat exchange medium channel.

In a second technical solution, a hydrogen storage system comprises the solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure as in any one of the first technical solution, the hydrogen storage system further comprises a hydrogen storage unit, a heat exchange medium box, a buffer gas storage tank and a ventilation pipeline unit, wherein the hydrogen storage unit is formed by connecting a plurality of hydrogen storage pipes in parallel, the plurality of hydrogen storage pipes are arranged in the heat exchange medium box by taking the heat exchange medium box as a frame, a hydrogen outlet and inlet pipe and a tail end threaded end cover of each hydrogen storage pipe are hermetically extended out of the side wall of the box, the ventilation pipeline unit comprises a multi-way joint, and the hydrogen outlet and inlet pipes of the plurality of hydrogen storage pipes are butted with a first port of the multi-way joint after being converged;

the second port of the multi-way joint is butted with the hydrogen absorption passage; a third port of the multi-way joint is butted with the exhaust passage; and the fourth port of the multi-way joint is in butt joint with the buffering gas storage tank through the hydrogen discharge passage.

In the second technical solution, preferably, a stop valve is arranged between the multi-way joint and the hydrogen outlet and inlet pipe of each hydrogen storage pipe; a filter, a first check valve and a first needle valve are sequentially arranged on the hydrogen absorption passage from the starting end of the hydrogen absorption passage to the multi-way joint; a second stop valve is arranged on the exhaust passage; a second needle valve, a second check valve and a third needle valve are sequentially arranged between the multi-way joint and the buffer gas storage tank in the hydrogen discharge passage; the buffer gas storage tank is also connected with the exhaust passage through a pressure relief pipeline, and a safety valve is arranged on the pressure relief pipeline; a pressure sensor is arranged on the buffer gas storage tank; the outlet of the buffer gas storage tank is provided with a stop valve and a pressure reducing valve which are used for controlling the pressure of the discharged hydrogen.

In the second technical solution, preferably, the cross section of the heat exchange medium box body is circular or polygonal, and the hydrogen storage tubes in the heat exchange medium box body are arranged in an array with the center line of the heat exchange medium box body in the length direction as a reference.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the solid hydrogen storage container can improve the heat transfer performance of the hydrogen storage container through forced convection heat transfer of a heat transfer medium and enhanced heat transfer of the fins with holes inside, can well control the environmental temperature of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the solid hydrogen storage container, and stabilize the platform pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, thereby effectively controlling the absorption and release of hydrogen.

(2) The working appearance of the hydrogen storage container is horizontal, hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage pipe from the side, the contact area of the alloy and the hydrogen is effectively increased, and the accumulation effect of alloy powder in the hydrogen absorbing and releasing process is reduced.

(3) The water jacket and the hydrogen storage pipe are detachably sealed, the combined structure of the sleeve, the internal concentric pipe and the external concentric pipe is convenient for unloading and filling hydrogen storage alloy, the use times of the hydrogen storage pipe are effectively increased, and the service life of the whole solid hydrogen storage container is prolonged.

(4) The hydrogen storage system adopts a plurality of hydrogen storage containers to form the hydrogen storage unit, can achieve the working state that the hydrogen storage containers simultaneously absorb hydrogen, simultaneously discharge hydrogen, even simultaneously absorb hydrogen and discharge hydrogen, and improves the range of hydrogen supply capacity of the hydrogen storage system. The box body is utilized to carry out overall heat exchange, the heat utilization rate of a heat exchange medium can be improved, the hydrogen storage system is made into a standard shape, the modularization of the hydrogen supply device is promoted, and the actual engineering application of the hydrogen storage system is facilitated.

(5) The hydrogen storage system is characterized in that a plurality of hydrogen storage pipes are connected in parallel, the working pressure of the hydrogen storage system is lower, and compared with the prior art, the hydrogen storage system is safe and reliable in high-pressure hydrogen storage, can store hydrogen for a long time, can be used as a supplement library of a hydrogen gas filling station, and provides hydrogen sources for high-pressure hydrogen in a small hydrogen filling station, so that the hydrogen storage system can directly provide hydrogen for a low-pressure working power source, such as supplementing hydrogen sources for hydrogen fuel cells of hydrogen fuel passenger vehicles, and also can provide hydrogen for high-pressure fuel cell vehicles by pressurization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange jacket assembly in the solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hydrogen storage system according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a solid alloy hydrogen storage fast heat transfer structure fin set according to the present invention.

The reference numerals include:

1-hydrogen storage tube, 11-internal concentric tube, 111-fin group, 112-distance tube, 113-positioning chassis, 114-handle, 12-external concentric tube, 121-baffle group, 122-threaded tube, 123-threaded sealing end cover, 13-sleeve, 14-flange sealing end cover, 141-hydrogen outlet inlet tube, 142-sintered tube, 143-stainless steel sleeve, 15-hydrogen space, 16-hydrogen storage material, 2-jacket, 21-flange, 211-bolt, 212-nut, 213-O-ring, 22-first heat exchange medium inlet tube, 23-first heat exchange medium outlet tube, 24-heat exchange medium channel, 3-hydrogen storage unit, 4-heat exchange medium box, 41-water box mouth, 42-a second heat exchange medium inlet pipe, 43-a second heat exchange medium outlet pipe, 44-a temperature sensor interface, 5-a heat exchange medium space, 6-a buffer gas storage tank, 61-a safety valve, 62-a pressure sensor, 63-a first stop valve, 64-a pressure reducing valve, 7-a vent pipe unit, 71-a hydrogen suction passage, 711-a filter, 712-a first check valve, 713-a first needle valve, 72-a hydrogen discharge passage, 721-a second needle valve, 722-a second check valve, 723-a third needle valve, 73-a multi-way joint, 74-an exhaust passage, 741-a second stop valve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present technical solution more clear, the present technical solution is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a solid alloy hydrogen storage fast heat transfer structure, which includes a hydrogen storage tube 1, the hydrogen storage tube 1 includes an internal concentric tube 11, a plurality of fin groups 111, an external concentric tube 12, a sleeve 13, a threaded tube 122, a threaded end cap 123 and a flange end cap 14, wherein the internal concentric tube 11 and the external concentric tube 12 are concentrically disposed, first ends of the internal concentric tube 11 and the external concentric tube 12 are sealed by the flange end cap 14, a second end of the external concentric tube 12 is a threaded tube 122 concentrically disposed with the external concentric tube 12, the threaded end cap 123 is hermetically connected with the threaded tube 122 through threads to seal a second end of the external concentric tube 12, a hydrogen space 15 is formed between the internal concentric tube 11 and the external concentric tube 12, the sleeve 13 is sleeved inside the external concentric tube 12, an outer wall of the sleeve 13 is adjacent to the external concentric tube 12, a plurality of fin groups 111 are disposed at equal intervals on an outer circumferential surface of the concentric tube, the fin group 111 is of an annular structure, the surface of the fin group 111 is perforated, the fin group 111 is connected with the inner concentric tube 11 in a compression joint mode, and the diameter of the fin group 111 is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve 13.

The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure is explained in detail below.

The hydrogen storage tube 1 is provided with an internal concentric tube 11 and an external concentric tube 12, a hydrogen space 15 is formed between the internal concentric tube and the external concentric tube, the hydrogen storage material 16 is placed in the hydrogen space 15, and the hydrogen outlet and inlet tube 141 is communicated with the hydrogen space 15 and is used for inputting hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tube 1 to react with the hydrogen storage material 16 and outputting the released hydrogen to the outside.

As shown in FIG. 4, the sleeve 13 is a cylindrical barrel with an open top, the wall of the sleeve 13 subtends a central angle of 270-330 degrees, the gap is oriented vertically upwards, and an internal concentric tube 11 is placed inside to facilitate the filling and unloading of the hydrogen storage material 16. The inner concentric tube 11 is slightly longer than the outer concentric tube 12 and the sleeve 13, and the extended portion is provided with a positioning base 113 and a handle 114 for the attachment and detachment of the inner concentric tube 11.

As shown in fig. 5, the outer wall of the internal concentric tube 11 is provided with a fin group 111, the fin group 111 is of an annular structure, the surface of the fin group is perforated, the fin group is connected with the internal concentric tube 11 through compression joint, the diameter of the fin group is equivalent to the inner diameter of the sleeve 13, and the fin group is used for rapidly transferring the heat effect in the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the hydrogen storage material; the spacing between the individual fins of the fin pack 111 is determined by spacer tubes 112 welded to the inner concentric tubes 11.

The sleeve 13 is integrally inserted into the outer concentric tube 12 together with the inner concentric tube 11, and constitutes a cylindrical body portion of the hydrogen storage tube 1. The tail part of the external concentric tube 12 is welded with a threaded tube 122 which is convenient to be connected with a threaded sealing end cover 123; and a baffle group 121 is welded outside the tube wall of the external concentric tube 12 and is used for changing the flow direction of the heat exchange medium in the channel so that the heat exchange medium and the tube wall can fully exchange heat.

The flange sealing end cover 14 is connected with the first end of the external concentric tube 12 by welding, and forms a seal head part of the hydrogen storage tube 1 together with the thread sealing end cover 123. The flange sealing end cover 14 is externally welded with a hydrogen outlet and inlet pipe 141 of a quick connector, the interior of the flange sealing end cover is welded with a sintering pipe 142, and the hydrogen outlet and inlet pipe 141 is aligned with the sintering pipe 142 and used for the inlet and outlet of hydrogen. A stainless steel sleeve 143 is welded inside the flange seal end cap 14 for inserting a thermocouple.

The working principle of the solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure is as follows: the hydrogen of the hydrogen source enters the hydrogen storage tube 1 through the hydrogen inlet and outlet tube 141 and reacts with the hydrogen storage material 16 in the hydrogen space 15 to generate metal hydride, thereby completing the hydrogenation. During the hydrogenation process, hydrogen reacts with the alloy to release heat, and the heat is rapidly transmitted to the sleeve 13 and the external concentric tube 12 through the arranged fin group 111, so that the internal heating effect is slowed down. After hydrogenation is finished, the whole structure can be conveniently disassembled through the quick connector on the hydrogen inlet and outlet pipe 141, the hydrogen is conveyed to a hydrogen using place, the quick connector is connected with an outlet pipeline, the metal hydride starts to release hydrogen and absorb heat under the action of pressure difference, and the cooling effect can be improved through the fin structure when heat is absorbed. The whole structure can then be hydrogenated again for further recycling.

The solid hydrogen storage structure in the embodiment adopts the lanthanum-nickel-based rare earth alloy as the hydrogen storage material, so that hydrogen can be stored or released at normal temperature and normal pressure, the hydrogen can be stably and rapidly absorbed or released by controlling the environmental temperature, water is used as a heat exchange medium for controlling the temperature, the heat exchange mode is easy, and the practicability and the safety of the solid hydrogen storage container are effectively improved.

In some embodiments, the first end seal of the hydrogen storage tube 1 is a welded seal, which is not detachable, and is used to replace the flange seal end cap 14, and is also a threaded end cap seal 123, which facilitates the assembly of a plurality of hydrogen storage tubes into a system structure.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides a heat exchange jacket assembly matched with a hydrogen storage tube 1, which comprises a hydrogen storage tube 1 and a jacket 2, wherein the jacket 2 is a circular tube with an open end and a closed end, wherein:

the opening end is welded with a flange 21, is connected with a flange sealing end cover 14 through a bolt 211 and a nut 212, and is sealed by an O-shaped ring 213, so that the cylinder body of the hydrogen storage tube 1 is arranged in the cylinder body of the jacket 2, and a gap between the two forms a heat exchange medium channel 24.

The first heat exchange medium inlet pipe 22 and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe 23 are welded on the outer wall of the cylinder body of the jacket 2, valves are arranged on the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe 22 and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe 23, the orientations of the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe 22 and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe 23 are matched with the baffle group 121, and the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe are used for enabling heat exchange media to flow into and flow out of the heat exchange medium channel 24.

The working principle of the jacket assembly is as follows: when absorbing hydrogen, when the hydrogen storage pipe 1 rapidly transfers heat with the wall surface in the container through the fin group 111, the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe 22 and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe 23 are introduced with cooling medium, so that cold water passes through the heat exchange medium channel 24 to cool the hydrogen storage pipe 1; when hydrogen is discharged, heating medium is introduced to heat the hydrogen storage tube 1. The jacket assembly can further improve the heat transfer performance of the whole structure.

The jacket assembly structure is convenient for replacing hydrogen storage materials: when the hydrogen storage material 16 is used for too many times and the hydrogen absorption and release performance index in practical application is difficult to achieve, the flange 21 and the flange sealing end cover 14 can be detached firstly, the hydrogen storage tube 1 is taken out, then the thread sealing end cover 123 is detached, the sleeve 13 and the inner concentric tube 11 can be conveniently taken out from the outer concentric tube by using the handle 114, and the new hydrogen storage material is replaced through the gap of the sleeve 13. After the completion, the hydrogen storage tube 1 is installed back into the jacket 2, and the hydrogen storage tube can be reused.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 3, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage system, which includes a solid hydrogen storage structure, a ventilation pipeline unit 7, a hydrogen storage unit 3, a heat exchange medium box 4, and a buffer gas tank 6 in the first embodiment.

Specifically, hydrogen storage unit 3 is formed by connecting hydrogen storage tubes 1 in multiple embodiments in parallel, and the head end seal of hydrogen storage tube 1 is changed into welding seal to replace flange seal, each hydrogen storage tube is arranged in row on average, hydrogen storage unit 3 uses heat transfer medium box 4 as a frame, and is arranged in it, the hydrogen outlet inlet tube 14 and the tail end threaded end cover seal 123 of each hydrogen storage tube extend out of the side wall of the box body, and are respectively used for connecting vent pipe unit 7 and loading and replacing hydrogen storage materials, and each hydrogen outlet inlet tube 14 is gathered after passing through the hydrogen storage stop valve and is connected with multi-way connector 73.

In this embodiment, the cross section of the heat exchange medium tank 4 is circular or polygonal, and the hydrogen storage tubes 1 in the heat exchange medium tank 4 are arranged in an array with the center line of the heat exchange medium tank 4 in the length direction as a reference. The hydrogen storage system adopts the plurality of hydrogen storage tubes 1 which are connected in parallel, for example, 80 or 120 hydrogen storage tubes 1 are connected in parallel, the working pressure of the hydrogen storage system is lower, compared with the high-pressure hydrogen storage safety and reliability, the hydrogen can be stored for a long time and the like in the prior art, the hydrogen storage system can also be used as a supplement library of a hydrogen filling station, and provides hydrogen source for high-pressure hydrogen in a small-sized hydrogen filling station, so the hydrogen storage system can directly provide hydrogen for a low-pressure working power source, for example, the hydrogen can be supplemented for a hydrogen fuel cell of a hydrogen fuel passenger vehicle, and can also provide hydrogen for a high-pressure fuel cell automobile by pressurization.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the heat exchange medium tank 4 has a regular quadrangular prism shape in geometric shape, and includes a tank port 41, a second heat exchange medium inlet pipe 42, a second heat exchange medium outlet pipe 43, and a temperature sensor interface 44. The gap between the box body and the hydrogen storage unit 3 is a heat exchange medium space 5 for the circulation of heat exchange medium. The box outer wall is provided with the lug, and the bottom half is equipped with the support, convenient hoist and mount and transportation. The second heat exchange medium inlet pipe 42 and the second heat exchange medium outlet pipe 43 are provided with valves, connected to both ends of the refrigeration and heating circulator, for introducing and discharging heat exchange medium. In other embodiments, the heat exchange medium tank 4 has a geometric shape of a regular triangular prism, a cylinder, a regular hexagonal prism, or the like.

The buffer gas storage tank 6 is a stainless steel pressure-resistant container, is connected with a hydrogen gas discharge pipe, and is used for storing gas, pressurizing and controlling the hydrogen discharge pressure. The design pressure is generally 5-6 MPa. Be provided with relief valve 61 and pressure sensor 62 on the buffering gas holder 6, pressure sensor 62 is arranged in the internal pressure of real-time supervision gas holder, and the atmosphere is led to outside the relief valve 61 interface directly, and when system's pressure exceeded preset pressure, the system carried out automatic exhaust, protection system's safety. A first stop valve 63 and a pressure reducing valve 64 (or a back pressure valve) are connected to an outlet of the buffer tank 6 to control the pressure of the discharged hydrogen gas.

The ventilation pipeline unit 7 is used for connecting each part of the hydrogen storage system, and is provided with a multi-way joint 73 for gathering each hydrogen outlet and inlet pipe in the hydrogen storage unit 3. The two ends of the hydrogen absorption passage 71 are respectively connected with the multi-way connector 73 and a hydrogen gas source, and comprise a filter 711, a first one-way valve 712 and a first needle valve 713, so that hydrogen in the hydrogen gas source flows into the hydrogen storage unit 3. The two ends of the hydrogen discharge passage 72 are connected with the multi-way joint 73 and the buffer gas storage tank 6, and the multi-way joint comprises a second needle valve 721, a second one-way valve 722 and a third needle valve 723, wherein the third needle valve 723 is close to the buffer gas storage tank 6 and is used for allowing hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen storage unit 3 to enter the buffer gas storage tank 6. An exhaust passage 74 is further provided, a second stop valve 741 is provided, the second stop valve is connected with the multi-way joint 73, the other end of the second stop valve is communicated with the atmosphere and used for exhausting gas in the system, and the exhaust passage is vertically upward. The ventilation pipeline unit 7 is fixed by a bolt pipeline bracket welded on the outer wall surface of the heat exchange medium box body 4 and is integrated with the box body.

The working principle of the hydrogen storage system is as follows: a plurality of hydrogen storage pipes 1 form a hydrogen storage unit to carry out integral hydrogen absorption or hydrogen desorption, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage unit 3 through a hydrogen absorption passage 71 during hydrogenation; when discharging hydrogen, the hydrogen enters the buffer gas tank 6 through the hydrogen discharge passage 73. The heat effect generated during hydrogen absorption or hydrogen desorption is treated by forced convection heat exchange in the whole box body 4, and the heat exchange medium is provided by a refrigeration and heating circulator. The hydrogen gas in the gas tank 6 is sent out through the first shutoff valve 63 and the pressure reducing valve 64 (or the back pressure valve).

When the hydrogen storage system needs maintenance, the second needle valve 721 can be closed to cut off the hydrogen discharge of the hydrogen storage unit, and then the first cut-off valve 63 is opened to evacuate the gas in the buffer gas storage tank 6, so that the gas storage tank can be detached, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage unit cannot overflow. If the gas in the hydrogen storage unit needs to be evacuated, the second cut-off valve 741 is opened. Meanwhile, each hydrogen storage pipe in the hydrogen storage unit 3 is provided with a hydrogen storage stop valve, so that the hydrogen storage pipe with a fault can be isolated, and the normal use of the rest hydrogen storage pipes is ensured.

In some embodiments, the heat exchange medium tank 4 has a regular triangular prism or cylinder shape, and the arrangement of the hydrogen storage tubes of the hydrogen storage units 3 is adapted to the geometric shape of the tank.

In some embodiments, the multi-way joint 73 does not connect the hydrogen absorption passage 71, the hydrogen discharge passage 72 and the exhaust passage 74 at the same time, and three pipes are connected to the hydrogen storage unit 3 through different joints to facilitate spatial arrangement of the pipes.

In some embodiments, the refrigeration and heating circulator and the heat exchange medium outlet pipe 43 are eliminated, an auxiliary heating device is added in the heat exchange medium box body 4, and the original second heat exchange medium inlet pipe 42 is only used for filling the heat exchange medium. The auxiliary heating device is an electric heating device, and a protective cover is welded at the rear end of the electric heating device and used for heating a heat exchange medium in the box body. When in use, the heat exchange medium is injected into the box body in advance through the second heat exchange medium inlet pipe 42; when the hydrogen storage unit is charged with hydrogen, the heat exchange medium in the box body cools the hydrogen storage unit; when hydrogen is discharged, the heat medium in the heat medium box body 4 is replaced by filled heat medium through the second heat exchange medium inlet pipe 42, the temperature in the box body is reduced in the hydrogen discharging process, and the auxiliary heating device is started to heat when the temperature is lower than a set value.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and many variations in the specific embodiments and applications of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the claims of this patent.

Claims

1. A solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure is characterized in that: comprises a hydrogen storage pipe, wherein the hydrogen storage pipe comprises an internal concentric pipe, a plurality of fin groups, an external concentric pipe, a sleeve, a threaded pipe, a threaded sealing end cover and a flange sealing end cover, wherein the inner concentric tube and the outer concentric tube are concentrically arranged, the first ends of the inner concentric tube and the outer concentric tube are sealed by a flange sealing end cover, the second end of the outer concentric tube is a threaded tube concentrically arranged with the outer concentric tube, the threaded sealing end cover is hermetically connected with the threaded tube by threads to seal the second end of the outer concentric tube, a hydrogen space is formed between the inner concentric tube and the outer concentric tube, and the sleeve is sleeved on the inner side of the outer concentric tube, the outer wall of the sleeve is adjacent to an external concentric tube, a plurality of fin groups are arranged on the outer ring surface of the concentric tube at equal intervals, the fin groups are of annular structures and are perforated on the surfaces, the fin groups are connected with the internal concentric tube in a compression joint mode, and the diameter of each fin group is matched with the inner diameter of the sleeve.

2. The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of claim 1, wherein: and distance pipes are sleeved outside the internal concentric pipes, and the distance between every two adjacent fin groups is fixed through the distance pipes.

3. The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of claim 1, wherein: the sleeve is a cylindrical barrel with an open top part, the central angle subtended by the barrel wall of the sleeve is 270-330 degrees, the gap is vertically upward, and the internal concentric pipe is arranged in the sleeve, so that the filling and the unloading of the hydrogen storage material are facilitated; the sleeve and the inner concentric tube are of an integrated structure, and the sleeve and the inner concentric tube are integrally inserted into the outer concentric tube.

4. The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of claim 1, wherein: the length of the internal concentric tube is longer than that of the external concentric tube and the sleeve, and a positioning chassis and a handle for assembling and disassembling the internal concentric tube are arranged on the part of the internal concentric tube extending out of the external concentric tube and the sleeve.

5. The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of claim 1, wherein: and the baffle plate group used for changing the flow direction of the heat exchange medium in the channel and enabling the heat exchange medium and the pipe wall to exchange heat fully is welded on the pipe wall on the outer side of the external concentric pipe.

6. The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of claim 1, wherein: the welding connection is passed through with the first end of outside concentric tube to the flange seal end cover, and the outside welding of flange seal end cover even has quick-operation joint's hydrogen to go out the inlet tube, and hydrogen goes out the inlet tube and corresponds hydrogen storage intraductal welding and have the sintering pipe, and hydrogen goes out the inlet tube and adjusts well with the sintering pipe, and flange seal end cover internal weld has the nonrust steel sleeve who is used for stretching into the thermocouple.

7. The solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen storage tube is characterized in that a jacket is arranged outside the hydrogen storage tube, the first end of the jacket main body is open, the second end of the jacket main body is closed, a flange plate is arranged at the first end of the jacket, the flange plate is connected with the flange sealing end cover through a bolt and a nut, an O-shaped ring for sealing is arranged on the opposite side of the flange plate and the flange sealing end cover, the cylinder body of the hydrogen storage tube is arranged in the cylinder body of the jacket, and a gap between the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tube and the inner cavity of the jacket forms a heat exchange medium channel; the outer wall of the cylinder of the jacket is welded with a first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and a first heat exchange medium outlet pipe, the orientations of the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe are matched with the baffle group, and the first heat exchange medium inlet pipe and the first heat exchange medium outlet pipe are used for enabling heat exchange media to flow into and flow out of the heat exchange medium channel.

8. A hydrogen storage system comprising the solid alloy hydrogen storage rapid heat transfer structure of any of claims 1-7, wherein: the hydrogen storage system also comprises a hydrogen storage unit, a heat exchange medium box body, a buffer gas storage tank and a ventilation pipeline unit, wherein the hydrogen storage unit is formed by connecting a plurality of hydrogen storage pipes in parallel, the plurality of hydrogen storage pipes take the heat exchange medium box body as a frame and are arranged in the heat exchange medium box body, a hydrogen outlet pipe and a tail end threaded end cover of each hydrogen storage pipe are hermetically extended out of the side wall of the box body, the ventilation pipeline unit comprises a multi-way joint, and the hydrogen outlet pipes of the plurality of hydrogen storage pipes are butted with a first port of the multi-way joint after being converged;

9. The hydrogen storage system of claim 8, wherein: a stop valve is arranged between the multi-way joint and the hydrogen outlet pipe of each hydrogen storage pipe; a filter, a first check valve and a first needle valve are sequentially arranged on the hydrogen absorption passage from the starting end of the hydrogen absorption passage to the multi-way joint; a second stop valve is arranged on the exhaust passage; a second needle valve, a second one-way valve and a third needle valve are sequentially arranged between the multi-way joint and the buffer gas storage tank in the hydrogen discharge passage; the buffer gas storage tank is also connected with the exhaust passage through a pressure relief pipeline, and a safety valve is arranged on the pressure relief pipeline; a pressure sensor is arranged on the buffer gas storage tank; the outlet of the buffer gas storage tank is provided with a stop valve and a pressure reducing valve which are used for controlling the pressure of the discharged hydrogen.

10. The hydrogen storage system of claim 9, wherein: the cross section of the heat exchange medium box body is circular or polygonal, and the hydrogen storage tubes in the heat exchange medium box body are arranged in an array mode by taking the center line of the heat exchange medium box body in the length direction as a reference.