CN114592940A - Passive emergency power generation system and nuclear power station - Google Patents
Passive emergency power generation system and nuclear power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN114592940A CN114592940A CN202210118492.9A CN202210118492A CN114592940A CN 114592940 A CN114592940 A CN 114592940A CN 202210118492 A CN202210118492 A CN 202210118492A CN 114592940 A CN114592940 A CN 114592940A
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- power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The passive emergency power generation system comprises a passive heat exchange device, an air inlet duct, an air exhaust duct and a power generation device, wherein the passive heat exchange device is positioned in a stack pit in a containment and arranged around a reactor in the stack pit, the air inlet duct and the air exhaust duct penetrate through the containment and are communicated with the passive heat exchange device, an air inlet of the air inlet duct and an air outlet of the air exhaust duct are positioned outside the containment, a height difference exists between the air inlet duct and the air exhaust duct, the power generation device comprises an impeller, the impeller is arranged in the air exhaust duct, air passing through the passive heat exchange device is heated and flows out of the air exhaust duct, and the impeller is driven to rotate, so that the power generation device is enabled to generate electric energy. The passive emergency power generation system can meet specific power utilization requirements under all power supply loss conditions by utilizing waste heat or accident heat of nuclear facilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear industry, and particularly relates to a passive emergency power generation system and a nuclear power station comprising the same.
Background
Currently, the novel nuclear power stations at home and abroad mostly adopt active or passive safety system design concepts or safety system design concepts combined with the active safety systems, wherein the active safety systems mostly adopt emergency diesel generators, and meet the power utilization requirements of emergency plant equipment under the condition that all external alternating current power supplies of the power plant are lost, so that the safe shutdown of a reactor is ensured, and the damage of important equipment caused by the power loss of a normal external power supply system is prevented; the passive safety system utilizes the laws of the nature and the physical characteristics of the working medium to realize the safety function of the nuclear power plant, the realization of the safety function does not depend on external force any more, and the equipment and the system are simplified.
In the prior art, in terms of how to meet the requirements of important safety valve opening, main control room habitability, reactor vessel waste heat discharge flow channel establishment and the like under accident conditions, if a passive safety system design is adopted, the defects of frequent starting of the safety system under the design expansion condition, higher cost of purchasing, installation and maintenance of passive equipment and the like can be faced, so that the operating performance of a power plant is reduced and the construction cost is increased; the design concept of the active and passive safety system is faced to the problems of large power of the diesel generator and high purchase cost of the diesel generator caused by the increase of power load, and the power consumption requirements of specific safety level equipment for supplying power, ensuring the residency of personnel and the like under the condition that all power supplies are lost cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem in the prior art and provides a passive emergency power generation system and a nuclear power station comprising the same, wherein the passive emergency power generation system can meet the emergency power demand of a specific user under the condition of loss of all power supplies by utilizing the waste heat or accident heat of nuclear facilities.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a passive emergent power generation system, includes passive heat transfer device, air inlet duct, air exhaust duct and power generation facility, passive heat transfer device is located the inside heap hole of containment to set up around the heap container in the heap hole, the air inlet duct with the air exhaust duct all pass behind the containment with passive heat transfer device intercommunication, just the air intake in air inlet duct with the air outlet in air exhaust duct all is in the outside of containment, air inlet duct with there is the difference in height between the air exhaust duct, just power generation facility includes the impeller, the impeller is located the inside in air exhaust duct, after passive heat transfer device's air intensifies, flows from the air exhaust duct to it is rotatory to drive the impeller, thereby impels power generation facility to produce the electric energy.
Preferably, the air exhaust duct is positioned above the air inlet duct.
Preferably, the air inlet duct and the air exhaust duct are both made of metal, or the air inlet duct and the air exhaust duct are made of metal and made of concrete.
Preferably, the power generation device further comprises a power generation unit, and an input end of the power generation unit is connected with the impeller and used for converting mechanical energy generated by rotation of the impeller into electric energy.
Preferably, the power generation device further comprises a voltage-regulating rectification electronic control unit, wherein an input end of the voltage-regulating rectification electronic control unit is electrically connected with an output end of the power generation unit and is used for voltage-regulating rectification of the current output by the power generation unit.
Preferably, the passive emergency power generation system further comprises an electricity utilization assembly, the electricity utilization assembly comprises a storage battery and user equipment, the input end of the storage battery is connected with the output end of the voltage-regulating rectification electric control unit, and the output end of the storage battery is connected with the user equipment.
Preferably, the number of the impellers is multiple, and the impellers are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the exhaust air duct.
The invention also provides a nuclear power station which comprises a containment, wherein a pit is arranged in the containment, and the passive emergency power generation system is further included.
The passive emergency power generation system can effectively utilize the residual heat or accident heat of nuclear facilities to meet specific power utilization requirements under the condition of all power sources losing, the power source of the system is from the thermal pressure difference of air, the normal heat of the reactor cabin can be effectively led out, the pressure of a ventilation system of the reactor cabin is reduced, the simplification of ventilation equipment is facilitated, and the economy of the nuclear power station is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a passive emergency power generation system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-containment vessel, 2-reactor vessel, 3-reactor pit, 4-containment internal structure, 5-air inlet duct, 6-passive heat exchange device, 7-air exhaust duct, 8-power generation unit, 9-voltage rectification electric control unit, 10-storage battery and 11-user equipment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the indication of orientation or positional relationship, such as "on" or the like, is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must be provided with a specific orientation, constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "disposed," "mounted," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., the fixed connection may be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention provides a passive emergency power generation system which comprises a passive heat exchange device, an air inlet duct, an air exhaust duct and a power generation device, wherein the passive heat exchange device is positioned in a stack pit in a containment and arranged around a reactor in the stack pit, the air inlet duct and the air exhaust duct both penetrate through the containment and are communicated with the passive heat exchange device, an air inlet of the air inlet duct and an air outlet of the air exhaust duct are positioned outside the containment, a height difference exists between the air inlet duct and the air exhaust duct, the power generation device comprises an impeller, the impeller is arranged in the air exhaust duct, and air heated by the passive heat exchange device flows out of the air exhaust duct and drives the impeller to rotate, so that the power generation device is enabled to generate electric energy.
The invention also provides a nuclear power station which comprises a containment, wherein a pit is arranged in the containment, and the passive emergency power generation system is further included.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a passive emergency power generation system, which includes a passive heat exchange device 6, an air inlet duct 5, an air exhaust duct 7, and a power generation device, wherein the passive heat exchange device 6 is located in a stack pit 3 inside a containment 1 and is arranged around a reactor 2 in the stack pit 3, the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 both pass through an in-containment structure 4 and are communicated with the passive heat exchange device 6, an air inlet of the air inlet duct 5 and an air outlet of the air exhaust duct 7 are both located outside the containment 1, a height difference exists between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7, the power generation device includes an impeller, the impeller is located inside the air exhaust duct 7, and air passing through the passive heat exchange device 6 is heated and flows out of the air exhaust duct 7 to drive the impeller to rotate, so as to enable the power generation device to generate electric energy.
In this embodiment, the air exhaust duct 7 is located above the air inlet duct 5, and there is a height difference between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7, the height difference between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7, and the air temperature difference between the outdoor air and the air inside the passive heat exchange device 6 form a hot-pressing effect, so that the air can flow in the air inlet duct 5, the passive heat exchange device 6, and the air exhaust duct 7 in sequence, and further drive the impeller of the power generation device to rotate, without the help of active equipment, so that the whole passive emergency power generation system has higher reliability, can effectively meet the power consumption requirement of a specific facility under an accident condition, and ensure that the nuclear facility has higher safety.
In this embodiment, the height difference between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 is proportional to the density difference between the heated air and the external cold air, i.e. the larger the height difference between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 is, the larger the density difference between the heated air and the external cold air is, so that the more obvious the hot pressing effect is, and the faster the heated air flows between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7.
In this embodiment, the height difference between the air inlet duct 5 and the air outlet duct 7 is obtained by performing thermal hydraulic simulation calculation and transient system analysis according to specific reactor types and structural parameters, and also by performing modeling calculation when actually designing the height difference, in relation to the operation of the reactor.
Specifically, the passive heat exchange device 6 may adopt various structural forms, for example, one of the passive heat exchange devices 6 includes a connecting pipe and a heat exchange component, one end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the output end of the air inlet duct 5, and the other end is communicated with the input end of the air exhaust duct 7; the heat exchange component adopts a spiral annular ascending heat exchange steel pipe, the heat exchange steel pipe is arranged in the pit 3 of the containment 1, the heat exchange form can be realized through heat radiation, air convection or heat conduction of the pit 3, the heat exchange steel pipe is used for transferring heat in the pit 3 to the connecting pipe, so that air from the air inlet duct 5 is heated, the hot pressing effect is formed, and the heated air can be discharged along the air exhaust duct 7.
Optionally, the passive heat exchanger 6 may also adopt other structural forms, for example, the structure includes a heat exchange ring, the heat exchange ring is disposed in the stack pit 3, and is disposed around the stack container 2 for transferring heat of the stack container 2, an air outlet of the air inlet duct 5 and an air inlet of the air exhaust duct 7 are respectively connected with the heat exchange ring, external cold air enters the heat exchange ring through the air inlet duct 5, thereby obtaining heated air, and the heated air is discharged through the air exhaust duct 7.
Optionally, the passive heat exchange device 6 may also adopt other structural forms, and the structure thereof includes a connecting pipe and heat exchange fins, one end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the output end of the air inlet duct 5, and the other end is communicated with the input end of the air exhaust duct 7; the heat exchange fins are annular and are arranged in parallel, the plurality of heat exchange fins are sleeved outside the connecting pipe and are arranged around the reactor 2 to absorb heat of the reactor 2, and air introduced from the air inlet duct 5 is heated.
In this embodiment, the inlet temperature (ambient temperature) of the air inlet duct 5 is 40 to 50 ℃, the specific temperature value is specifically set according to the plant site location, for the molten salt reactor, the outer wall temperature of the reactor container 2 is 600 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the air inlet duct 5 can reach 480 ℃ through heat exchange. For a pressurized water reactor, the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor container 2 is more than 300 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the air inlet duct 5 can reach about 300 ℃ through heat exchange. And under the accident condition, the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor vessel 2 can be further increased, so that the air is heated to a higher temperature, and the effect of the hot pressing effect is more obvious.
Optionally, the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 are both made of metal, or the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 are partially made of metal and partially made of concrete. Specifically, the parts of the air inlet duct 5 and the air outlet duct 7 located inside the containment vessel 1 may be made of stainless steel or carbon steel, and the parts located outside the containment vessel 1 do not need to be made of a material with high temperature resistance.
In this embodiment, the power generation device further includes a power generation unit 8, an input end of the power generation unit 8 is connected with the impellers, the impellers are arranged in a plurality of numbers, the impellers are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the exhaust air duct 7, and the power generation units are arranged in a plurality of numbers and are respectively connected with the impellers for converting mechanical energy generated by rotation of the impellers into electric energy.
Optionally, the power generation device further includes a voltage regulation and rectification electronic control unit 9, an input end of the voltage regulation and rectification electronic control unit 9 is electrically connected with an output end of the power generation unit 8, and the voltage regulation and rectification electronic control unit 9 is configured to form an electric energy output with stable voltage by using the unstable electric energy generated by the power generation unit 8 through a voltage regulation and rectification manner.
In this embodiment, the passive emergency power generation system further includes an electricity utilization component, the electricity utilization component includes a storage battery 10 and a user equipment 11, an input end of the storage battery 10 is connected with an output end of the voltage-regulating rectification electronic control unit 9, and an output end of the storage battery is connected with the user equipment 11. The accumulator 10 is used to store electric energy and the user equipment 11 is used to directly use the electric energy generated by the power generation unit 8.
The passive emergency power generation system in the embodiment has the following working process:
under the action of the temperature difference between the pit 3 in the containment 1 and the outside air, the air enters the pit 3 along the air inlet duct 5 and is heated;
the heated air is discharged along the air exhaust duct 7 under the action of hot pressure, and the impeller is pushed to rotate in the discharging process, so that the power generation unit 8 converts mechanical energy into electric energy;
the voltage-regulating rectification electronic control unit 9 integrates the unstable electric energy generated by the power generation unit 8 into electric energy with stable voltage;
the rectified voltage electrical control unit 9 then delivers stable electrical energy to the accumulator 10 or to the user equipment 10, thus ensuring the maintenance of the electrical energy supply of the vital equipment inside the nuclear power plant in case of accident or emergency.
The passive emergency power generation system in the embodiment can utilize the residual heat or accident heat of the nuclear facility, the height difference between the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 and the outdoor temperature difference to form a hot-pressing effect, so that air flows in the air inlet duct 5 and the air exhaust duct 7 and pushes the generator impeller to rotate, electric energy is generated, the emergency power demand of a specific user is realized, other active devices are not needed, high reliability is achieved, the power load of a nuclear power station can be effectively reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a nuclear power station which comprises a containment vessel 1, wherein a pit 3 is arranged in the containment vessel 1, and the nuclear power station further comprises the passive emergency power generation system.
In the embodiment, the passive emergency power generation system can be used for maintaining the power utilization of specific equipment under the accident condition, and is beneficial to improving the safety of the nuclear power station; in addition, the passive emergency power generation system can provide a proper amount of power supply and can simultaneously lead out normal heat of the reactor cabin, thereby reducing the pressure of a reactor cabin ventilation system, facilitating the simplification of ventilation equipment and improving the economy of the nuclear power station; similarly, the passive emergency power generation system can also derive the heat of the pit 3 under the accident condition, can be used as a passive special safety facility, and is favorable for diversified setting of the special safety facility.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A passive emergency power generation system is characterized by comprising a passive heat exchange device (6), an air inlet duct (5), an air exhaust duct (7) and a power generation device,
the passive heat exchange device (6) is positioned in a reactor pit (3) in the containment vessel (1) and arranged around the reactor vessel (2) in the reactor pit (3),
the air inlet duct (5) and the air exhaust duct (7) penetrate through the containment (1) and then are communicated with the passive heat exchange device (6), an air inlet of the air inlet duct (5) and an air outlet of the air exhaust duct (7) are positioned outside the containment (1), a height difference exists between the air inlet duct (5) and the air exhaust duct (7), the power generation device comprises an impeller, the impeller is arranged inside the air exhaust duct (7),
after the air temperature of the passive heat exchange device (6) rises, the air flows out of the air exhaust duct (7) and drives the impeller to rotate, so that the power generation device is promoted to generate electric energy.
2. The passive emergency power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust air duct (7) is located above the intake air duct (5).
3. The passive emergency power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the air intake duct (5) and the air exhaust duct (7) are made of metal, or the air intake duct (5) and the air exhaust duct (7) are made of metal partially and concrete partially.
4. The passive emergency power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a power generation unit (8), wherein an input end of the power generation unit (8) is connected with the impeller for converting mechanical energy generated by rotation of the impeller into electric energy.
5. The passive emergency power generation system according to claim 4, further comprising a rectified voltage electrical control unit (9),
the input end of the voltage-regulating rectification electric control unit (9) is electrically connected with the output end of the power generation unit (8) and is used for voltage-regulating rectification of the current output by the power generation unit (8).
6. The passive emergency power generation system of claim 5, further comprising a power-consuming component,
the power utilization assembly comprises a storage battery (10) and user equipment (11), the input end of the storage battery (10) is connected with the output end of the voltage-regulating rectification electric control unit (9), and the output end of the storage battery is connected with the user equipment.
7. The passive emergency power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the number of the impellers is plural, and the plural impellers are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the exhaust air duct (7).
8. A nuclear power plant comprising a containment (1) in which a pit (3) is provided in the containment (1), characterized by further comprising a passive emergency power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210118492.9A CN114592940A (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2022-02-08 | Passive emergency power generation system and nuclear power station |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210118492.9A CN114592940A (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2022-02-08 | Passive emergency power generation system and nuclear power station |
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| CN202210118492.9A Pending CN114592940A (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2022-02-08 | Passive emergency power generation system and nuclear power station |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102969938A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-03-13 | 华北电力大学 | Nuclear power station signal injection system using temperature difference for sensing |
| CN103378767A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Direct thermoelectric conversion based power supply unit used after nuclear power station accident |
| CN206972443U (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-02-06 | 重庆宙盾新能源技术开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial tornado electricity generating system |
| CN108412557A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-08-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Atmospheric density difference, which is generated, using waste heat pushes impeller generating set |
-
2022
- 2022-02-08 CN CN202210118492.9A patent/CN114592940A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103378767A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Direct thermoelectric conversion based power supply unit used after nuclear power station accident |
| CN102969938A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-03-13 | 华北电力大学 | Nuclear power station signal injection system using temperature difference for sensing |
| CN206972443U (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-02-06 | 重庆宙盾新能源技术开发有限公司 | A kind of artificial tornado electricity generating system |
| CN108412557A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-08-17 | 长沙理工大学 | Atmospheric density difference, which is generated, using waste heat pushes impeller generating set |
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