CN114592482A - Mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling control construction method - Google Patents
Mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling control construction method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/18—Reclamation of land from water or marshes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
- E02F7/10—Pipelines for conveying excavated materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of dredging and hydraulic filling construction, and particularly relates to a movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling control construction method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, construction preparation; step 2, layered hydraulic filling; and 3, ending the construction. The invention relates to a movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation device suitable for a construction method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a floating platform, a slurry conveying pipeline, a mobile positioning winch, a layered hydraulic fill module, a monitoring module and a control module. On the basis of monitoring and analyzing the environmental conditions such as construction water depth, water flow, waves and the like, the method realizes high-precision control on the thickness and the flatness of the settled layer by dynamically adjusting the parameters such as the hydraulic fill flow velocity, the concentration, the lowering depth, the moving speed and the like, is favorable for improving the continuous operation construction efficiency, improving the hydraulic fill flatness, reducing the influence on the surrounding water area environment and ensuring the engineering quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dredging and hydraulic filling construction, and particularly relates to a movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling control construction method.
Background
The construction of the filling type artificial island continuously faces the challenges brought by complex construction conditions, such as overlarge water depth of a construction area, abnormal waves and climate, complex geology of deep soft soil, limited construction materials and the like. Meanwhile, the requirement of overseas dredging engineering on construction precision is also obviously different from that of domestic engineering, and particularly, the detection on the aspects of hydraulic fill flatness and post-construction settlement is stricter, so that the requirement of higher precision is provided for the thickness and flatness control in the hydraulic fill process. The existing hydraulic reclamation construction method mainly comprises a direct hydraulic reclamation method and a layered hydraulic reclamation method, wherein the domestic common direct hydraulic reclamation method adopts a traditional partitioned and blocked gradual push type hydraulic reclamation construction method, and particularly does not distinguish hydraulic reclamation soil quality in the hydraulic reclamation process. After the blowing and filling operation is carried out in stages and batches, due to the fact that different subareas are different in soil quality, the situation that the blowing and filling precision and flatness are low is easily caused, and even when the foundation settlement is seriously uneven, the problems of foundation instability, landslide of a blowing and filling layer and the like are caused. Therefore, the method cannot meet the requirements of high-quality hydraulic filling construction with high hydraulic filling flatness in the engineering. The application of the layered blow filling method is mainly presented as follows:
(1) authorization notice number: CN 109083099B, name: the invention relates to a construction process and a device for hydraulic filling sludge reclamation, wherein the device comprises a curing system and a spreading system for improving slurry, and the construction process comprises the following steps:
1. filling the sludge slurry into a filling area or a sedimentation tank by blowing, and forming an accumulation layer of thick sludge slurry by sedimentation;
2. pumping thick sludge slurry by using a pumping device, simultaneously conveying a curing agent to the thick sludge slurry, and mixing the thick sludge slurry and the curing agent in a pipeline before or after a pump to form mixed slurry;
3. conveying the mixed slurry to a mixing and conveying device to form improved slurry;
4. outputting the improved slurry, and conveying the improved slurry to a paving pipe system through a connecting pipe section;
5. the paving system lays the upgraded slurry to a specified thickness.
The disadvantages are that: 1. the method is suitable for the construction of dredger fill of sludge soil, and whether other soil is suitable or not needs to be confirmed. 2. The process forms improved slurry by adding curing agent into the sludge, and the configuration of the curing agent and the quality and effect of the curing agent have influence on the construction water area. 3. The expression of how the spreading system spreads and hydraulically fills the solidified and improved hydraulic fill sludge layer by layer according to a certain time interval and thickness is unclear, and the system has no great guiding significance on the flatness and quality control of hydraulic fill.
(2) The notice number is: CN 102493396 a, name: the construction method of blowing mud in layers for reclaiming land from sea comprises the following steps: selecting a ship machine; the middle partition bank is arranged; arranging pipelines and blow-filling pipe orifices; a water discharge opening is arranged; and (6) blowing and filling. The method has the advantages that a layered hydraulic filling process is adopted, firstly, silt clay is dug and filled to the lower layer of the land-making area in a hydraulic filling mode, then, the silt clay, silt, sand and other soil with high water permeability on the lower layer are dug and filled on the upper layer of the land-making area in a hydraulic filling mode uniformly in a thickness of 1.0-1.5 m, after the mud blowing is finished, surface accumulated water is removed organically, the soil with the thickness of 1.0-1.5 m on the surface layer has high bearing capacity, a working cushion layer with certain endurance is formed, and a good foundation is laid for subsequent soft foundation treatment construction. Has the following disadvantages: 1. need build the cofferdam before the construction, the pipeline is laid along the cofferdam all around in hydraulic reclamation district, sets up the mesophragma low bank in hydraulic reclamation district middle part, and earlier stage cost is high, consuming time is long, and this is not suitable for under the large water depth condition of open sea area on a large scale ground hydraulic reclamation construction. 2. The distance between pipe orifices needs to be adjusted when different soil properties are filled by blowing, and the construction continuity is poor. 3. The construction needs the hydraulic reclamation district to arrange a plurality of hydraulic reclamation mouths of pipe simultaneously, and it adopts the tee bend to link up with the mud pipe, and the pipeline is arranged and is required highly to mud pipe and mouth of pipe are in large quantity, and construction cost is high.
(3) Authorization notice number: CN 109083099B, name: the invention relates to a construction method for forming a sea land area for reclamation, which is used for construction in a shallow embankment, wherein the shallow embankment is divided into a first hydraulic reclamation area, a second hydraulic reclamation area and a third hydraulic reclamation area; a water storage lake is arranged between the first hydraulic reclamation area and the second hydraulic reclamation area; the third hydraulic reclamation area is tightly attached to the second hydraulic reclamation area; the construction method for the formation of the reclamation sea land area comprises a dredger fill mud construction stage aiming at a first dredger fill area and a water storage lake and a dredger fill sand construction stage aiming at a second dredger fill area and a third dredger fill area; the hydraulic filling mud construction stage comprises the steps of selecting two cutter suction dredger to carry out cutter suction mud dredging and laying of hydraulic filling pipelines; the sand filling construction stage comprises the steps of sucking up a sand-water mixture by a sand pump arranged on a sand taking ship, conveying the sand-water mixture to the side of the sand blowing ship, and performing sand filling construction by using the sand blowing ship; the invention ensures that the first shore pipe and the second shore pipe are not damaged, and carries out mud and sand filling construction on different hydraulic fill areas by using the cutter suction dredger and the sand dredger. The disadvantages are that: 1. the method is divided into 3 hydraulic reclamation areas, the mud blowing construction is carried out on the first hydraulic reclamation area, the combined construction of mud blowing and sand blowing is carried out on the second hydraulic reclamation area, and the sand blowing construction is carried out on the third hydraulic reclamation area. 2. The method explains that the hydraulic filling construction is carried out in a unified mode of pipeline arrangement and conveying. Wherein for the mud blowing construction, a cutter suction dredger is utilized for carrying out side excavation and side blowing; for the blowing-out construction, the sand taking ship, the sand transporting ship and the sand blowing ship are matched for blowing-out construction, but the control of the flatness in the blowing-filling process is not mentioned, the blowing-filling construction efficiency is higher, but the flatness and the blowing-filling quality in the blowing-filling process cannot be quantitatively controlled, and the later-stage foundation treatment is unfavorable. 3. The construction method is specially used for hydraulic filling construction in the shallow embankment area, and the influence of water flow, waves and other poor environments on the construction method is not considered, so that the method is not suitable for large hydraulic filling engineering in open sea areas under severe environmental conditions.
In summary, the current layered hydraulic reclamation method is relatively extensive in the hydraulic reclamation process, and the steps can be summarized as follows: 1) partitioning and blocking the construction area; 2) a fixed flow rate of sand-water mixture is released in a moving (an over-water spreader) or static (a pipeline is arranged in the previous period) mode through hydraulic filling equipment, and a sediment deposit layer with a certain thickness is formed; 3) and (4) after the hydraulic filling is finished, draining and settling. The method cannot flexibly adjust the hydraulic filling concentration, the moving speed and the like in the construction process and cannot respond to the change of the external environment in time, so that the deposition thickness cannot be effectively controlled in the hydraulic filling process, and the method is only suitable for near-coast engineering and engineering with good construction environment. For the hydraulic filling engineering under complex environmental conditions, the improvement of the hydraulic filling flatness and precision effect and the construction process need to be further researched and optimized.
Therefore, aiming at the problems and requirements in the hydraulic reclamation project, the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation control construction method is provided, and has important engineering significance and practical value in order to solve the problems of low flatness and low precision caused by the influence of external environment in construction, reduce silt loss and reduce the difficulty of later-stage leveling operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirements of dredging hydraulic fill engineering on hydraulic fill flatness and construction precision, the invention provides a movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic fill control construction method suitable for open water areas based on a traditional layered hydraulic fill construction method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the method mainly comprises the following contents:
a mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic fill control construction method comprises the following implementation steps:
Step 1.1, collecting and arranging construction data, and confirming basic information such as daily hydraulic fill construction workload, hydraulic fill soil quality, construction area terrain, historical hydrometeorological data and the like.
Step 1.2, the construction area is planned in a partitioned and layered mode
And dividing the construction area into small grid areas according to the hydraulic fill soil quality, the hydraulic fill capability of the key hydraulic fill device and the construction area topography, and layering according to the hydraulic fill soil quality difference.
Layering follows the following principle: the higher the requirement on the blowing and filling flatness is, the smaller the design value of the layered blowing and filling thickness is; in the early construction period, reasonable layering thickness parameters suitable for the construction soil property are predicted by means of numerical simulation, tests and the like; if there is no relevant data reference, the following recommended values are used:
preferably, the thickness of the sandy soil layering is 0.3-0.8 m, and the larger the particle size is, the larger the layering thickness is;
preferably, the layering thickness of the sticky silt and the silt-like silt is 0.5-1.0 m, and the larger the particle size is, the smaller the layering thickness is.
Preferably, the reference table of the layering thickness of various types of soil is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 reference table for layering thickness of each soil texture
Step 1.3 planning technological parameters and moving route of movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation equipment
And planning the technological parameters and the moving route of the equipment, such as conveying concentration, flow and the like, according to the design parameters, such as the width, the design hydraulic-filling thickness and the like, of the hydraulic-filling machine tool by means of theoretical calculation or numerical simulation prediction.
The setting and selection of each process parameter and route are as follows:
1) slurry delivery flow rate, concentration:
the thickness and the flatness of the dredger fill soil layer are directly influenced by the slurry conveying flow rate and the slurry conveying concentration, and in order to improve the dredger fill quality, the slurry at the flow outlet of the dredger fill machine is ensured to flow out to the bottom bed slowly and at high concentration as far as possible, and the blockage of a conveying pipeline is avoided. The optimal conveying flow speed and concentration of different soil qualities are different, and the parameter range suitable for the construction soil quality can be predicted by means of numerical simulation, experiments and the like in the early construction period.
Preferably, the conveying flow rate of the medium coarse sand is 4.5-5.5 m/s, and the concentration is 25-35%.
Transport flow velocity v for different soil qualitiesxAnd concentration cxSelected according to the following formula:
vx＝K1vs
cx＝K2cs
in the formula, vsThe recommended conveying flow rate (m/s) of the medium coarse sand is indicated; k1The influence coefficient of the soil property of the conveying flow speed is shown, and the values of different types of soil properties can be obtained by referring to the table 2;
TABLE 2 influence coefficient of soil property of conveying flow velocity K1
csThe recommended conveying concentration of the medium coarse sand is indicated; k2The influence coefficient of the soil quality of the conveying concentration is shown, and the values of different types of soil quality can be obtained by referring to a table 3.
TABLE 3 influence coefficient of soil texture of transport concentration K2
The following factors are considered when adjusting the delivery flow rate and concentration during the construction process:
2) Moving speed of the floating platform:
the moving speed of the floating platform is a core parameter of the blowing and filling flatness. In the early stage of construction, the reasonable floating platform moving speed parameter suitable for the construction soil quality is predicted by means of numerical simulation, tests and the like. After receiving the values of the flow velocity meter and the concentration meter, the control system calculates the values by combining the predicted or designed hydraulic fill thickness and width, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein v isshipThe calculated moving speed is in m/s; qsoilThe unit m of the transport volume of the silt in unit time is calculated according to the measurement values of the current meter and the concentration meter3/s；WsoilThe unit of backfill width is layered; dsoilThe backfill thickness is in units of m.
The above equation is the ideal (i.e. still water) float stage velocity, taking into account only the basic factors (i.e. the flow rate of the slurry being delivered and the thickness and width of the blow fill). In practical engineering, especially in the case of complex construction environment, the hydraulic fill is moved at the speed, and errors of the flatness and the accuracy of the soil layer are large. Because the moving speed of the floating platform is equal to the speed of the slurry after flowing out, under the action of the same-direction (reverse-direction) water flow, the spreading distance of the slurry after actually flowing out can be increased (reduced), and the thickness of the hydraulic fill is synchronously reduced (increased). Aiming at the problem, the invention provides that in order to realize accurate control of the hydraulic filling quality, the actual motion speed of the floating platform is calculated by considering the water flow velocity, namely the theoretical calculation value is added with or subtracted from the water flow velocity component value in the moving direction of the floating platform, and the specific formula is as follows:
Vreal＝Vship±cosθV′
wherein, VrealThe actual floating platform moving speed is m/s; vshipCalculating theoretically to obtain the moving speed m/s; theta is a horizontal angle between the water flow direction and the moving direction of the floating platform; v' is the water flow velocity m/s.
The moving speed of the floating platform is not more than 0.5m/s, the influence of different soil qualities is further considered, the moving speed of the floating platform is properly reduced when the particle size is below fine sand, and the hydraulic filling thickness is ensured, wherein the sedimentation speed is different, and the sedimentation distance is different, so that the sedimentation thickness is different under the same construction condition and the same slurry conveying capacity and different soil qualities.
3) Moving route:
the moving path of the floating platform is designed to slowly and uniformly reciprocate in a snake shape. The starting and ending positions of the path are set in consideration of the time required for the slurry to settle through the outlet to form a settled layer, and therefore should be set at a settling length greater than that generated at that time. According to the numerical simulation result at the early stage, the underwater hydraulic reclamation under almost any working condition is found that a deposition layer starts to reach the target hydraulic reclamation thickness at a position 8m away from the hydraulic reclamation direction and tends to be stable, so that the proposed value of the reserved length of two points is 8 m; the spacing of the paths is the blow-fill width, i.e., the width of the blow-fill implement. When the floating platform is switched to another route, the blowing and filling concentration and the advancing speed need to be reduced together, and the flatness of blowing and filling is ensured.
Step 1.4 distributing hydraulic fill height monitoring devices in each subarea
And uniformly arranging devices for measuring the hydraulic reclamation elevation in each subarea so as to complete the monitoring work in construction and ensure the hydraulic reclamation quality.
Step 1.5, scanning and measuring the sea bed surface of the construction area, and clearing or removing the barrier
Step 2 layered hydraulic filling
Step 2.1 moving the floating platform to the construction target position
The floating platform is connected with an auxiliary ship through a towing belt (cable) and is moved to the initial construction position by the auxiliary ship.
Step 2.2 lowering hydraulic reclamation tool
Put the cable through altitude control mobile device and transfer the hydraulic reclamation machines to the construction height gradually to according to monitoring module's data feedback, height and wave compensator stroke are transferred in the adjustment, guarantee that the outfall of hydraulic reclamation machines and bottom bed keeps the distance unanimous all the time, reduce silt and run off.
The initial position of the machine tool is usually determined according to the preset hydraulic fill thickness and hydraulic fill soil quality before construction, and according to the previous digital model result, the height of the machine tool from a bottom bed and the hydraulic fill thickness and flatness show obvious negative correlation. When the height of the machine is 0.5m away from the bottom bed, the thickness of the hydraulic filling can reach 0.85m, but the hydraulic filling submerges the outflow port to prevent the machine from moving; when the distance is adjusted to 2.5m, the range of forming the deposition layer becomes large, but the blow-fill thickness can only reach 0.3m, and the flatness is poor. Therefore, the lowering position is important, the too large distance influences the blowing and filling flatness and efficiency, the too small distance influences the movement of a blowing and filling machine, and the optimal lowering positions of a plurality of test groups at the early stage are 1.0-1.5 m.
The following factors should also be considered when setting the implement position during construction:
Step 2.3 controlling floating platform in subareas to carry out movable hydraulic reclamation
And the floating platform moves the floating platform through the retractable cable according to the preset moving speed and track route to carry out layered hydraulic reclamation. Meanwhile, in the hydraulic filling process, the monitoring module is used for feeding back the flow speed and concentration of the actually conveyed slurry and the wave condition of a construction area in real time, and the cable retracting parameters are adjusted by means of a track tracking function, so that timely deviation correction is realized, and the floating platform is guaranteed to move according to a planned route all the time.
Step 2.4 zonal hydraulic reclamation quality detection and construction process adjustment
After each layer of hydraulic fill construction is finished in a subarea mode, detecting the hydraulic fill thickness and the uniformity degree by utilizing the arranged elevation measuring instruments, and starting the next layer of hydraulic fill operation if the hydraulic fill thickness and the uniformity degree are qualified; if the slurry is unqualified, reasonably adjusting the moving speed, the flow rate of the conveyed slurry, the concentration and other construction parameters of the hydraulic filling equipment as required, and performing complementary blowing:
in order to increase the thickness of the hydraulic filling, the concentration or flow rate of the slurry to be conveyed can be properly increased, or the moving speed of the floating platform can be properly reduced; in order to increase the filling flatness, the moving speed of the floating platform or the distance between the filling machine and the bed surface can be properly reduced.
In order to reduce the influence of the tide on the blow-fill diffusion range, a top flow construction mode is adopted, or the moving speed of the floating platform is reduced properly.
Step 2.5 Next zone continuous construction
And when the construction partition finishes the construction with the preset number of layers, the control system moves the floating platform to the initial target construction position of the next construction partition through the dynamic positioning function, and the step 2.1-the step 2.4 are repeated.
And after blowing and filling of each subarea are finished, retracting the blowing and filling machine to the floating platform. The floating platform is anchored, and the auxiliary ship drags the floating platform out of the construction area.
The method of the present invention is the first creation in the art. Therefore, the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling equipment is constructed.
A movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a floating platform, a slurry conveying pipeline, a mobile positioning winch, a layered hydraulic fill module, a monitoring module and a control module.
The floating platform is a floating integral structure formed by effectively connecting a plurality of buoyancy tanks and is used as a carrying platform of the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling equipment.
Rotatable joints are arranged on the left side and the right side of the middle part of the floating platform; the slurry conveying pipeline is erected on the floating platform, an input port is connected with the slurry conveying pipeline of an external sand supply ship through a rotatable joint at one side, and an output port is connected with a pipeline of a hydraulic reclamation tool through a rotatable joint at the other side;
the mobile positioning winches are hydraulic winches and are 4 in total, are connected with the anchor through steel wire ropes, are arranged at four corners of the upper end of the floating platform, and move the floating platform by retracting and releasing the steel wire ropes. Each winch may also be equipped with a positioner to provide anchor position data.
The layered hydraulic reclamation module comprises a hydraulic reclamation tool, a gantry, a height control moving device and a wave compensator.
The hydraulic reclamation machine is arranged at the tail part of the floating platform and is connected with the slurry conveying pipeline through a flange;
the gantry is arranged at the tail part of the floating platform;
the hydraulic reclamation tool includes: a transition section slurry conveying pipeline, a diffusion section and an outflow section; the upper end of the diffusion section is connected with a slurry conveying pipeline on the floating platform through a transition section slurry conveying pipeline, and the lower end of the diffusion section is fixedly connected with the outflow section. The section of the slurry conveying pipeline at the transition section is trapezoidal; the cross section area of the diffusion section is gradually increased from top to bottom, so that the effects of slowing down the flow rate of slurry and fully diffusing are achieved, and the flow rate of each outflow port of the outflow section is further uniform; the outflow section is a pipe barrel with a plurality of outflow ports.
The height control mobile equipment is arranged on the gantry and comprises a hydraulic lifting winch and a steel wire rope;
the hydraulic lifting winch is connected with the hydraulic filling machine through a steel wire rope, and the hydraulic filling machine is lowered to a proper operation height through the steel wire rope according to different seabed depths.
The wave compensator is arranged on the portal and is a hydraulic-pneumatic energy accumulator, and an elastic device (a hydraulic cylinder plunger rod) of the energy accumulator is connected with the hydraulic lifting winch through a plurality of pulley mechanisms. By adjusting the pressure (stroke) of the wave compensator, the distance between the outflow port of the hydraulic filling machine and the bottom bed can be kept consistent all the time under the condition of wind waves.
The monitoring module includes: a wave flow environment monitoring sensor, a pipeline slurry conveying flow velocity sensor and a sediment concentration sensor; the real-time monitoring of relevant elements in the construction process is achieved, and relevant data are sent to the control module through the transmission cable. The transmission data of the monitoring module comprises: pipeline transportation flow speed, pipeline transportation concentration, construction water depth, wind speed and wind direction, wave elements, flow speed and flow direction and the like. The pipeline slurry conveying flow velocity sensor and the sediment concentration sensor are arranged on a rotary joint connected with a slurry conveying pipeline of the sand supply ship, and the wind wave flow environment monitoring sensor is arranged on the floating platform.
The control module includes: frequency converter, motor, PLC and computer system.
The computer system is connected with the PLC, and the output of the frequency converter is connected with the motor;
the PLC input end is connected with the monitoring module and used for receiving pipeline conveying flow speed, pipeline conveying concentration, construction water depth, wind speed and direction, wave elements and flow speed and flow direction data and providing the data to the computer system;
the output end of the computer system is connected with the frequency converter through a PLC and is used for controlling the rotating speed of the motor;
the motor is connected with the mobile positioning winch;
after the computer system receives the relevant data of the monitoring module, the computer system calculates key construction parameters according to the set construction target values of the hydraulic fill thickness and the flatness, and the key construction parameters comprise: and calculating the silt quantity, the preset paving thickness, the width of the hydraulic filling device and the hydraulic filling variable quantity generated by environmental factors according to the pipeline conveying flow speed and the conveying concentration. Calculating the moving speed of the floating platform according to the key parameters, and then calculating the speed required by each winch according to the moving speed of the floating platform and the anchor position; the computer system generates winch control signals, controls the rotating speed of the motor through the frequency converter, and drives the mobile positioning winch to enable the floating platform to move according to a preset track and speed.
The control system also has dynamic positioning and track tracking functions, and ensures that the floating platform is accurate in initial position and always moves in a preset track line.
The floating platform moving and positioning auxiliary ship can select a tug, and the auxiliary ship is connected with the floating platform through a towing rope to help the floating platform to initially position and move in a large range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the construction method of the invention
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation equipment
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the actual moving speed of the floating platform
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of one-time blow-fill thickness of the experiment of this example
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a layered hydraulic reclamation apparatus according to the present invention
Description of reference numerals:
1-a rotary joint; 2-moving a positioning winch (provided with a GPS); 3-a hydraulic filling machine; 4-gantry; 5-environmental data measuring instruments (including 10, 11); 6-measuring the flow rate and concentration of the conveyed slurry; 7-a control module;
8-height control mobile device; 9-a heave compensator;
10-high definition camera, anemograph; 11-wave sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
In this embodiment, a hydraulic reclamation experiment is performed by using a storm water channel, and a test platform is designed according to the relevant regulations of the gravity similarity law.
The total hydraulic fill flatness requirement is that, according to the design specification of dredging and hydraulic fill engineering (JTS181-5-2012), when the average height after hydraulic fill is not allowed to be lower than the specified hydraulic fill average height, the superfill average height should not be greater than 0.2 m. When the average height after blowing filling allows positive and negative errors (overfill or underfilling), the underfilling average height should not be greater than 0.15 m. The requirements for the blow-fill flatness in the different cases are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 reclamation height flatness requirement
The length scale of the model test is λ 1: 10. The prototype size of the blow-filling machine in the example is 8m long tube of the outflow section, 0.8m internal diameter, 10 outflows with 0.3m internal diameter circular section at the front end and 6.4 m long at the connection opening of the rear end and the diffusion section. 4 flow distribution plates are arranged in the diffusion section so as to achieve the effect of homogenizing the mud flow at each outlet and improve the blowing and filling flatness. The hydraulic reclamation tool is arranged above the water tank through the trolley frame, the hydraulic reclamation tool is transversely and longitudinally moved through the trolley track, and the wave height of an experimental area in the water tank is set to be 1 m. The initial parameters of the hydraulic filling device are set to be 0.2m/s of moving speed and 2m of hydraulic filling flow in an experiment3S, concentration 20%. During the period, the detected water flow in the water tank has larger diffusion effect on the slurry, the planeness of the settled layer is low, the hydraulic fill concentration is properly increased to 25 percent, and the flow is increased to 2.5m3And/s, the hydraulic filling effect is remarkably improved, the primary hydraulic filling deposition effect is as shown in figure 5, the uniformity is better, the deviation of the average thickness of the hydraulic filling device along the direction of travel is respectively 0.06 m and 0.08m through calculation, and compared with the deviation which is not more than 0.15m when positive and negative errors (over filling or under filling) are allowed for the average height after hydraulic filling and is specified in dredging and hydraulic filling engineering design specifications, the hydraulic filling effect of the method is superior, and the deviation is reduced by 46%. Meanwhile, the hydraulic filling effect of the construction method under different flow rates, different concentrations and different water flow velocities is simulated, the deviation of the hydraulic filling thickness is controlled within 0.12m, and the effect is good.
In summary, the construction method can significantly improve the accuracy and flatness of hydraulic filling by flexibly adjusting the process parameters through real-time data feedback, and can realize accurate hydraulic filling under extreme weather conditions in actual engineering.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic fill control construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1 preparation of construction
Step 1.1, collecting and arranging construction data, and confirming basic information such as daily hydraulic fill construction workload, hydraulic fill soil quality, construction area terrain, historical hydrometeorological data and the like;
step 1.2, the construction area is planned in a partitioned and layered mode
Dividing a construction area into small grid areas according to the hydraulic fill soil quality, the hydraulic fill capability of a key hydraulic fill device and the construction area topography, and layering according to the hydraulic fill soil quality difference;
step 1.3 planning technological parameters and moving route of movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation equipment
Planning process parameters such as conveying concentration, flow and the like and a moving route of the equipment according to design parameters such as the width, the design hydraulic-filling thickness and the like of a hydraulic-filling machine tool by means of theoretical calculation or numerical simulation prediction;
step 1.4 distributing hydraulic fill height monitoring devices in each subarea
Uniformly arranging devices for measuring hydraulic reclamation elevations in each subarea so as to complete monitoring work in construction and ensure hydraulic reclamation quality;
step 1.5, the sea bed surface of the construction area is scanned and measured, and obstacles are cleared or removed
Step 2 layered hydraulic filling
Step 2.1 moving the floating platform to the construction target position
The floating platform is connected with an auxiliary ship through a towing belt (cable) and moves to an initial construction position by the auxiliary ship;
step 2.2 lowering hydraulic reclamation tool
Gradually lowering the hydraulic reclamation tool to the construction height through the height control mobile equipment cable laying, adjusting the lowering height and the stroke of the wave compensator according to the data feedback of the monitoring module, ensuring that the distance between the outflow port of the hydraulic reclamation tool and the bottom bed is always consistent, and reducing sediment loss;
step 2.3 controlling floating platform in subareas to carry out movable hydraulic filling
The floating platform moves the floating platform through a cable winding and unwinding according to a preset moving speed and a preset track route to carry out layered hydraulic reclamation; meanwhile, in the hydraulic filling process, the monitoring module is used for feeding back the flow speed and concentration of the actually conveyed slurry and the wave condition of a construction area in real time, and the cable retracting parameters are adjusted by means of a track tracking function, so that timely deviation correction is realized, and the floating platform is guaranteed to move according to a planned route all the time;
step 2.4 zonal hydraulic reclamation quality detection and construction process adjustment
After each layer of hydraulic fill construction is finished in a subarea mode, detecting the hydraulic fill thickness and the uniformity degree by using a distributed elevation measuring instrument, and starting the next layer of hydraulic fill operation if the hydraulic fill thickness and the uniformity degree are qualified; if not, reasonably adjusting the construction parameters of the hydraulic filling equipment such as the moving speed, the slurry conveying flow rate and the concentration according to the requirement, and performing complementary blowing:
in order to increase the thickness of the hydraulic filling, the concentration or flow rate of the slurry to be conveyed can be properly increased, or the moving speed of the floating platform can be properly reduced; in order to increase the hydraulic filling flatness, the moving speed of the floating platform or the distance between the hydraulic filling machine and the bed surface can be properly reduced;
in order to reduce the influence of the tide on the blow-fill diffusion range, a top flow construction mode is adopted, or the moving speed of the floating platform is properly reduced;
step 2.5 Next zone continuous construction
When the construction partition finishes the construction with the preset number of layers, the control system moves the floating platform to the initial target construction position of the next construction partition through the dynamic positioning function, and the step 2.1-the step 2.4 are repeated;
step 3 construction ending
After blowing and filling of each subarea are finished, the blowing and filling machine tool is retracted to the floating platform; the floating platform is anchored, and the auxiliary ship drags the floating platform out of the construction area.
2. The mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation control construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1.2, the following principles are followed for layering: the higher the requirement on the blowing and filling flatness is, the smaller the design value of the layered blowing and filling thickness is; in the early construction period, reasonable layering thickness parameters suitable for the construction soil property are predicted by means of numerical simulation, tests and the like; if there is no relevant data reference, the following recommended values are used:
the thickness of the sandy soil type layering is 0.3-0.8 m, and the larger the particle size is, the larger the layering thickness is;
the layering thickness of the viscous silt and the silt is 0.5-1.0 m, and the larger the particle size is, the smaller the layering thickness is;
the reference table of the layering thickness of various soil qualities is shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 reference table for layering thickness of each soil texture
3. The mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation control construction method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 1.3, the setting and selection of each process parameter and route are as follows:
1) slurry delivery flow rate, concentration:
the thickness and the flatness of the dredger fill soil layer are directly influenced by the slurry conveying flow rate and the slurry conveying concentration, and in order to improve the dredger fill quality, the slurry at the outflow port of the dredger fill machine is ensured to flow out to the bottom bed slowly and at high concentration as far as possible, and the blockage of a conveying pipeline is avoided; the optimal conveying flow speed and concentration of different soil qualities are different, and the parameter range suitable for the construction soil quality can be predicted by means of numerical simulation, tests and the like in the early construction period;
preferably, the conveying flow rate of the medium coarse sand is 4.5-5.5 m/s, and the concentration is 25-35%;
transport flow velocity v for different soil qualitiesxAnd concentration cxSelected according to the following formula:
vx＝K1vs
cx＝K2cs
in the formula, vsThe recommended conveying flow rate (m/s) of the medium coarse sand is indicated; k is1The influence coefficient of the soil property of the conveying flow speed is shown, and the values of different types of soil properties can be obtained by referring to the table 2;
TABLE 2 influence coefficient of soil property of conveying flow velocity K1
csThe recommended conveying concentration of the medium coarse sand is indicated; k is2The influence coefficient of the soil quality of the conveying concentration is expressed, and the values of different types of soil quality can be obtained by referring to a table 3;
TABLE 3 influence coefficient of soil texture of transport concentration K2
The following factors are considered when adjusting the delivery flow rate and concentration during the construction process:
2) moving speed of the floating platform:
the moving speed of the floating platform is a core parameter of the hydraulic filling flatness; in the early stage of construction, reasonable floating platform moving speed parameters suitable for construction soil quality are predicted by means of numerical simulation, tests and the like; after receiving the values of the flow velocity meter and the concentration meter, the control system calculates the values by combining the predicted or designed hydraulic fill thickness and width, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein v isshipThe calculated moving speed is in m/s; qsoilThe unit m of the transport volume of the silt in unit time is calculated according to the measurement values of the current meter and the concentration meter3/s；WsoilThe unit of backfill width is layered; dsoilThe backfill thickness is layered and the unit is m;
the above formula is the moving speed of the floating platform under an ideal state, namely under a static water condition, and only basic factors, namely the flow rate of the conveyed slurry and the thickness and width of hydraulic reclamation are considered; when the hydraulic filling machine is used in actual engineering, particularly under the condition of complex construction environment, hydraulic filling is moved at the speed, and errors of the flatness and the accuracy of a soil layer are large; because the moving speed of the floating platform is equal to the speed of the slurry after outflow, under the action of the same-direction or reverse-direction water flow, the spreading distance of the slurry after actual outflow can be increased or reduced, and the thickness of hydraulic filling is synchronously reduced or increased; aiming at the problem, in order to realize accurate control of the hydraulic filling quality, the flow velocity should be considered in the actual calculation of the movement velocity of the floating platform, that is, the theoretical calculation value is added or subtracted with the flow velocity component value of the water flow in the moving direction of the floating platform, and the specific formula is as follows:
Vreal＝Vship±cosθV′
wherein, VrealThe actual floating platform traveling speed is m/s; vshipCalculating theoretically to obtain the moving speed m/s; theta is a horizontal angle between the water flow direction and the moving direction of the floating platform; v' is water flow velocity m/s;
the moving speed of the floating platform is not more than 0.5m/s, the influence of different soil qualities is further considered, the deposition thickness is different due to different sedimentation speeds and different sedimentation distances and the different construction conditions, the slurry conveying capacity and the different soil qualities, and therefore when the particle size is below fine sand, the moving speed of the floating platform is properly reduced, and the hydraulic filling thickness is ensured;
3) moving route:
the moving path of the floating platform is designed to slowly move in a snake-shaped reciprocating manner at a constant speed; setting the starting point and the end point of the path, and giving a proposed value of the reserved length of the two points to be 8 m; the interval of the route is the width of blowing and filling, namely the width of a blowing and filling machine; when the floating platform is switched to another route, the hydraulic filling concentration and the advancing speed need to be reduced together, and the flatness of hydraulic filling is ensured.
4. The mobile high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation control construction method as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 2.2, the lowering initial position of the implement is determined according to the preset hydraulic reclamation thickness and hydraulic reclamation soil quality before construction, and according to the previous digital model result, it can be found that the height of the implement from a bottom bed and the hydraulic reclamation thickness and the flatness present an obvious negative correlation; setting the lowering position between 1.0 and 1.5 m;
the following factors should also be considered when setting the implement position during construction:
5. A movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation apparatus suitable for the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation control construction method as recited in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: the device comprises a floating platform, a slurry conveying pipeline, a mobile positioning winch, a layered hydraulic reclamation module, a monitoring module and a control module;
the floating platform is formed into a floating integral structure by effectively connecting a plurality of floating boxes and is used as a carrying platform of the movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic filling equipment;
rotatable joints are arranged on the left side and the right side of the middle part of the floating platform; the mud conveying pipeline is erected on the floating platform, the input port is connected with the mud conveying pipeline of an external sand supply ship through a rotatable joint on one side, and the output port is connected with a hydraulic reclamation tool pipeline through a rotatable joint on the other side;
the mobile positioning winches are hydraulic winches and are 4 in total, are connected with the anchor through steel wire ropes and are arranged at four corners of the upper end of the floating platform, and the floating platform is moved by winding and unwinding the steel wire ropes; each winch can also be provided with a positioner for providing anchor position data;
the layered hydraulic reclamation module comprises hydraulic reclamation tools, a gantry, height control mobile equipment and a wave compensator;
the hydraulic reclamation machine is arranged at the tail part of the floating platform and is connected with the slurry conveying pipeline through a flange;
the gantry is arranged at the tail part of the floating platform;
the height control mobile equipment is arranged on the gantry and comprises a hydraulic lifting winch and a steel wire rope;
the hydraulic lifting winch is connected with a hydraulic reclamation tool through a steel wire rope, and the hydraulic reclamation tool is lowered to a proper operation height through the steel wire rope according to different seabed depths;
the wave compensator is arranged on the portal frame, so that the distance between the outflow port of the hydraulic filling machine and the bottom bed is always kept consistent under the condition of wind waves;
the monitoring module includes: a wave and current environment monitoring sensor, a pipeline slurry conveying flow velocity sensor and a sediment concentration sensor; the real-time monitoring of relevant elements in the construction process is realized, and relevant data are sent to the control module through a transmission cable; the transmission data of the monitoring module comprises: pipeline transportation flow speed, pipeline transportation concentration, construction water depth, wind speed and wind direction, wave elements, flow speed and flow direction and the like; the pipeline slurry conveying flow velocity sensor and the sediment concentration sensor are arranged on a rotary joint connected with a slurry conveying pipeline of a sand supply ship, and the wind wave flow environment monitoring sensor is arranged on the floating platform;
the control module includes: the system comprises a frequency converter, a motor, a PLC and a computer system;
the computer system is connected with the PLC, and the output of the frequency converter is connected with the motor;
the PLC input end is connected with the monitoring module and used for receiving pipeline conveying flow speed, pipeline conveying concentration, construction water depth, wind speed and wind direction, wave elements and flow speed and flow direction data and providing the data to a computer system;
the output end of the computer system is connected with the frequency converter through a PLC and is used for controlling the rotating speed of the motor;
the motor is connected with the mobile positioning winch;
after the computer system receives the relevant data of the monitoring module, the computer system calculates key construction parameters according to the set construction target values of the hydraulic fill thickness and the flatness, and the key construction parameters comprise: calculating to obtain the amount of silt, the preset paving thickness, the width of a hydraulic filling device and the hydraulic filling variable quantity generated by environmental factors according to the pipeline conveying flow speed and the conveying concentration; calculating the moving speed of the floating platform according to the key parameters, and then calculating the speed required by each winch according to the moving speed of the floating platform and the anchor position; the computer system generates winch control signals, controls the rotating speed of the motor through the frequency converter, and drives the mobile positioning winch to move the floating platform according to a preset track and speed;
the control system also has dynamic positioning and track tracking functions, and ensures that the floating platform is accurate in initial position and always moves in a preset track line.
6. The movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation apparatus of claim 5, wherein the hydraulic reclamation tool comprises: a transition section slurry conveying pipeline, a diffusion section and an outflow section; the upper end of the diffusion section is connected with a slurry conveying pipeline on the floating platform through a transition section slurry conveying pipeline, and the lower end of the diffusion section is fixedly connected with the outflow section; the section of the slurry conveying pipeline at the transition section is trapezoidal; the cross section area of the diffusion section is gradually increased from top to bottom, so that the effects of slowing down the flow rate of slurry and fully diffusing are achieved, and the flow rate of each outflow port of the outflow section is further uniform; the outflow section is a pipe barrel with a plurality of outflow ports.
7. The movable high-precision underwater layered hydraulic reclamation device as recited in claim 5, wherein the heave compensator is mounted on the gantry and is a hydraulic-pneumatic accumulator, and an elastic device of the accumulator, i.e. a hydraulic cylinder plunger rod, is connected with the hydraulic lifting winch through a plurality of pulley mechanisms; by adjusting the pressure (stroke) of the wave compensator, the distance between the outflow port of the hydraulic filling machine and the bottom bed is always kept consistent under the condition of wind waves.
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