CN114592246B - Preparation process of three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fiber - Google Patents
Preparation process of three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN114592246B CN114592246B CN202111616240.0A CN202111616240A CN114592246B CN 114592246 B CN114592246 B CN 114592246B CN 202111616240 A CN202111616240 A CN 202111616240A CN 114592246 B CN114592246 B CN 114592246B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
- D01D5/23—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool by asymmetrical cooling of filaments, threads, or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/096—Humidity control, or oiling, of filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/26—Formation of staple fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/08—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for forming hollow filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/92—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyesters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fiber preparation, and provides a preparation process of three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fibers, aiming at the problems that the three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fibers are slow in cooling and easy to generate static electricity. The invention adds spinning oiling between spinning and winding oiling, the cooling speed of the filament bundle is fast, static electricity is not easy to generate, the phenomena of leakage and leakage are less, and the winding environment is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fiber preparation, in particular to a preparation process of three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fiber.
Background
Currently produced synthetic fibers are formed into a crimped shape by thermo-mechanical deformation of straight fibers and then heat-set to provide the two-dimensional planar crimp properties of the fibers. The performance comparison of the plane crimped fiber and the natural fiber has obvious differences and defects, which are represented as follows: (1) Small cohesive force (2) no wool-like three-dimensional curling effect, poor elasticity and poor heat retention.
In order to make chemical fibers have the three-dimensional crimping function of natural fibers, three-dimensional crimped hollow fibers similar to natural fibers are developed, and the fibers have the same warmth retention property and hand feeling as the natural fibers. The three-dimensional curled hollow fiber has the advantages of high hollowness, good fluffiness, high elastic recovery speed, good heat retention property and the like, and the fiber can be made into pillow cores, quilts, toys and the like and has good heat retention property, fluffiness and elasticity. For example, patent CN201074257 discloses a three-dimensional crimped hollow synthetic fiber, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the fiber is hollow, and the ratio of the area of the hollow hole in the hollow three-dimensional crimped fiber to the cross-sectional area of the fiber is 20-70%. The fiber fineness is 1.5-15 deniers, and the three-dimensional crimp number of the three-dimensional crimp hollow fiber is 6-14/25 mm. The utility model discloses a fibre is the cavity cross-section, is fit for being used for occasions such as cold-proof inside lining in winter, bedding and stopping, and the product of making is soft to be felt, and the adhesion fastness is better.
The existing preparation process of the three-dimensional curled hollow polyester staple fiber mostly adopts a winding oiling mode, a spinning channel is longer, the temperature of filament bundles is high, the cooling speed is slow, the filament bundles are greatly shaken, static electricity is easily generated in the spinning process, fibers are mutually repelled or wound, and the fibers are easily damaged and wound on a roller in the processing process to influence the production continuity. Accordingly, an ideal solution is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation process of three-dimensional curled hollow polyester staple fibers, aiming at overcoming the problems of slow cooling and easy generation of static in the preparation of the three-dimensional curled hollow polyester staple fibers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for preparing three-dimensional curled hollow polyester staple fibers comprises the steps of spinning, winding and drafting, wherein in the spinning step, melt is sprayed out by a spinneret plate, is cooled by circular blowing, is oiled by spinning, is wound, oiled and drafted to obtain the three-dimensional curled hollow fibers.
The invention adds spinning oiling between spinning and winding oiling, the cooling speed of filament bundle is fast, static electricity is not easy to generate, leakage and leakage phenomena are less, and the winding environment is better. The melt sprayed from the spinneret plate is cooled instantly, and the inner and outer sections of the fiber generate orientation difference to form the three-dimensional crimp three-dimensional hollow fiber. The cooled fiber is subjected to two oiling procedures of main oiling of a spinning oil disc and auxiliary oiling of a winding oil nozzle, and then is integrated into a tow and sent to the next procedure.
Preferably, the filter element for circular blowing comprises a circular stainless steel net and a circular stainless steel wind-proof ring attached to the lower part of an inner ring of the stainless steel net, the height of the stainless steel net is 270-280mm, the ventilation area is 27-28%, and the inside and the outside are respectively wrapped with a layer of filter screen with 100-120 meshes; the height of the annular stainless steel wind-guard ring is 150-160mm, and the blowing height of the corresponding annular blowing filter element is 120-130mm. More preferably, the air speed of the circular blowing air is 3.0-5.0m/s, and the air temperature is 18-21 ℃. The cooling conditions have a large influence on the hollowness and the crimpness of the fibers, and the uniform blowing conditions are realized by depending on the stable blowing speed: the wind speed is too high, the hollowness is broken, and the fibers are difficult to form hollowness; and the fiber is too small, the cooling of the tows is not thorough, doubling, air bubbles and yarn breakage are generated in the spinning process, the spinning is difficult, the hollowness is small, and after the post-processing treatment, the bulkiness of the fiber is insufficient, the defects are too high, and the use requirements of subsequent customers cannot be met.
Preferably, the non-oil viscosity of the precursor spinning precursor is 0.640-0.650, and the spinning temperature is 260-288 ℃. The spinning temperature is 5-10 ℃ lower than that of the common hollow polyester three-dimensional crimped fiber, and the spinning method is greatly helpful for saving electricity and reducing the temperature of a working environment.
Preferably, the undrawn yarn has a hollow ratio of 28 to 34%.
Preferably, the polyester melt for spinning contains mica-silica aerogel, and the preparation method of the polyester melt comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving mica-silicon dioxide aerogel and antimony acetate in ethanol according to a mass ratio of 100 (10-20), heating at 60-70 ℃ for 1-2h, extracting, filtering to obtain solid, and drying to obtain the mica-silicon dioxide aerogel loaded with antimony acetate;
(2) Mixing terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and antimony acetate-loaded mica-silica aerogel according to the mass ratio of (70-90) to (20-40) to (3-6), and carrying out esterification and polycondensation reaction to obtain a polyester melt.
The biggest problem of the three-dimensional curled three-dimensional hollow polyester staple fiber is that the staple fiber cannot keep a hollow shape for a long time, and is fluffy and blocked and the elasticity of the staple fiber is reduced after general washing. The mica-silicon dioxide aerogel used in the invention has the following functions: the polyester synthesis catalyst antimony acetate is placed between mica sheet layer structures, esterification polymerization of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol occurs in aerogel particles, the distance between mica sheet layers is expanded and is not easy to retract, so that the prepared hollow fiber can keep a three-dimensional curled shape and has elasticity, silicon has the tendency of migrating towards the surface of the fiber, and after a long time, the mica-silicon dioxide aerogel gradually migrates to the surface of the fiber, namely, a hydrophobic protective layer with strong mechanical property is added to the hollow fiber, so that the hollow fiber is more favorable for keeping the durability of the three-dimensional curled shape.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mica-silica aerogel comprises the following steps:
1) Calcining mica to remove interlayer crystal water, and pulverizing to obtain mica powder; dispersing mica powder in ethanol solution containing 3 wt% of surfactant (such as sucrose monolaurate), adding maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (grafting rate of 1.5 wt%) 5-10% of mica powder, and silane coupling agent (grafting rate of 1-3%) of mica powder, and stirring in high-speed stirrer for 20-30min to obtain carboxylic acid modified mica powder;
2) Mixing carboxylic acid modified mica powder with 1-2 times of tetraethoxysilane, adding water and ethanol, adjusting pH to 3-4, and hydrolyzing for 1-2 days; dispersing mica and ethyl orthosilicate uniformly by ultrasonic, adjusting pH to 8.5-9, aging to obtain wet gel, and preparing aerogel by conventional method.
And calcining to remove crystal water between the interlayer and increase the interlayer pores. The tetraethoxysilane is hydrolyzed to form silica sol, and the silica contains hydroxyl and is connected with carboxyl of the carboxyl modified mica powder after reacting, so that the silica sol can be stably positioned between mica sheet layers.
Therefore, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) The invention adds the spinning oiling between the spinning oiling and the winding oiling, the cooling speed of the filament bundle is fast, the static electricity is not easy to be generated, the phenomena of leakage and leakage are less, and the winding environment is better; (2) Mica-silica aerogel is added into the polyester melt to improve the durability of the hollow fiber for keeping the three-dimensional curling shape.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a circular blowing tube of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of spinning plus winding two oiling processes;
in the figure, 1, a stainless steel net, 2, a stainless steel wind-guard ring, 3, an air duct, 4, a spinning oil disc, 5, a winding oil nozzle, 6 and a winding roller.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all the raw materials and equipment used are commercially available or commonly used in the art, and the methods in the examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A preparation process of three-dimensional curled hollow polyester staple fibers adopts an asymmetric cooling forming method to prepare three-dimensional curled solid hollow fibers, and comprises the working procedures of spinning, winding, barrel falling, drafting, curling, cutting and packaging to prepare 7D high-elasticity three-dimensional hollow polyester staple fibers.
(1) Spinning
The polyester melt with the intrinsic viscosity of 0.650 is prepared by a conventional method by taking terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol as raw materials, wherein the temperature of a spinning pipeline is 263 ℃, the temperature of a box body is 265 ℃, the blowing temperature is 20 ℃, the blowing humidity is 80 percent, and the blowing speed is 4m/s.
The production process of low-temperature spinning and strand silk quenching is adopted to produce hollow yarns, after the melt is sprayed out through a hollow spinneret plate, the melt is cooled by air blown out by a circular blowing filter element in the melt cooling and forming process, the melt sprayed out from the spinneret plate is cooled instantly, the inner and outer sections of the fibers generate orientation difference, and the three-dimensional curled three-dimensional hollow fibers are formed; and then spinning and oiling are carried out, the filament bundle is further cooled and oiled, and the filament bundle is endowed with good bundling property, smoothness and antistatic property.
The structure of the outer ring blowing filter element is shown in fig. 1, and comprises an annular stainless steel mesh 1 and an annular stainless steel wind-blocking ring 2 attached to the lower part of the inner ring of the stainless steel mesh. The annular stainless steel net 1 has the height of 278mm and the ventilation area of 27.1 percent, and is internally and externally wrapped with a 100-mesh filter screen; the height of the annular stainless steel wind-guard ring 2 is 158mm, and the blowing height of the corresponding annular blowing filter element is 120mm.
(2) Winding of
The spinning oiling process is followed by a winding oiling process, and the spinning and winding process is shown in fig. 2, and comprises an air duct 3, a spinning oil disc 4, a winding oil nozzle 5 and a winding roller 6 which are connected in sequence. The winding speed is 1180m/min, so that the protofilament is rapidly cooled, the cooling effect of each part is consistent, the rear drawing efficiency and the smoothness degree are improved, the oil-water content of the protofilament is 22 percent, and the linear density is 19dtex. The oil-water content of the protofilament is about 5 percent higher than that of the common hollow polyester three-dimensional crimped fiber, the bundling property of the fiber is better, the winding and winding times are fewer, and the production continuity is better. The hollow ratio of the undrawn yarn was 28%.
(3) Post-processing
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that,
(1) Spinning
The self-made polyester melt (the intrinsic viscosity is 0.640) is used as a raw material, the temperature of a spinning pipeline is 260 ℃, the temperature of a box body is 262 ℃, the blowing temperature is 18 ℃, the blowing humidity is 80%, and the blowing speed is 3m/s.
(2) Winding of
After the spinning oiling, the spinning oiling is carried out, and the winding speed is 1180m/min, so that the protofilament is rapidly cooled, the cooling effect of each part is consistent, the back drawing efficiency and the smoothness degree are improved, the oil-water content of the protofilament is 26%, the linear density is 19dtex, and the hollow rate of undrawn filaments is 34%.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the self-made polyester melt contains mica-silica aerogel, and the preparation method of the polyester melt comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving mica-silica aerogel and antimony acetate in ethanol according to a mass ratio of 100;
(2) Mixing terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and antimony acetate-loaded mica-silica aerogel according to a mass ratio of 70.
The preparation method of the mica-silicon dioxide aerogel comprises the following steps:
1) Calcining mica to remove interlayer crystal water, and pulverizing to obtain mica powder; dispersing mica powder in an ethanol solution containing 3 wt% of sucrose monolaurate, adding maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (the grafting rate is 1.5%) accounting for 5% of the mass of the mica powder and a silane coupling agent accounting for 1% of the mass of the mica powder, and stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 20min to obtain carboxylic acid modified mica powder;
2) Mixing carboxylic acid modified mica powder with tetraethoxysilane with equal mass, adding water and ethanol, adjusting the pH value to 3, and hydrolyzing for 1 day; uniformly dispersing mica and ethyl orthosilicate by ultrasonic, adjusting pH to 8.5, aging to obtain wet gel, and preparing aerogel by conventional method.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the self-made polyester melt contains mica-silica aerogel, and the preparation method of the polyester melt comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving mica-silica aerogel and antimony acetate in ethanol according to a mass ratio of 100;
(2) Mixing terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and antimony acetate-loaded mica-silica aerogel according to a mass ratio of 90.
The preparation method of the mica-silicon dioxide aerogel comprises the following steps:
1) Calcining mica to remove interlayer crystal water, and pulverizing to obtain mica powder; dispersing mica powder in an ethanol solution containing 3 wt% of sucrose monolaurate, adding 10% by mass of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (grafting rate is 1.5%) and 3% by mass of mica powder of a silane coupling agent, and stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 30min to obtain carboxylic acid modified mica powder;
2) Mixing carboxylic acid modified mica powder with 2 times of tetraethoxysilane, adding water and ethanol, adjusting the pH value to 4, and hydrolyzing for 2 days; uniformly dispersing mica and tetraethoxysilane by ultrasonic, adjusting the pH value to 9, aging to obtain wet gel, and preparing the aerogel by using a conventional method.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that no spin finish was applied.
Performance testing
The three-dimensional hollow polyester staple fibers prepared in examples 1 and 3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to bulk and elasticity tests, and after washing 20 times, the test results were as shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the table: (1) Compared with the comparative example 1, the spinning oiling is additionally carried out between the spinning oiling and the winding oiling in the example 1, the bulkiness and the elasticity of the fiber can be improved, and due to the fact that the increase of the spinning oiling process enables the cooling speed of the filament bundles to be high, static electricity is not easy to generate, the phenomena of leakage and leakage are less, and the winding environment is better. Example 3 the elasticity was improved with the addition of mica-silica aerogel.
(2) Compared with the example 3, the bulkiness and the elastic property of the example 3 are hardly reduced after 20 times of washing, because the polyester synthesis catalyst antimony acetate is placed between mica sheet layer structures, the esterification polymerization of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol occurs in aerogel particles, the distance between the mica sheet layers is enlarged and is not easy to retract, so that the prepared hollow fiber can keep a three-dimensional curled shape and has elasticity, silicon has the tendency of migrating to the surface of the fiber, the mica-silicon dioxide aerogel gradually migrates to the surface of the fiber, namely, a hydrophobic protective layer with strong mechanical property is added to the hollow fiber, and the durability of the three-dimensional curled shape of the hollow fiber is better maintained.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation process of three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester staple fibers is characterized in that an asymmetric cooling forming method is adopted to prepare three-dimensional crimp hollow fibers, and comprises the steps of spinning, winding and drafting, wherein in the spinning step, melt is sprayed out by a spinneret plate, is cooled by circular blowing, is oiled by spinning, is wound, oiled and drafted to obtain the three-dimensional crimp hollow fibers;
the polyester melt for spinning contains mica-silicon dioxide aerogel, and the preparation method of the polyester melt comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving mica-silicon dioxide aerogel and antimony acetate in ethanol according to the mass ratio of 100 (10-20), heating for 1-2h at 60-70 ℃, extracting, filtering to obtain solid, and drying to obtain mica-silicon dioxide aerogel loaded with antimony acetate;
(2) Mixing terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and antimony acetate-loaded mica-silicon dioxide aerogel according to the mass ratio of (70-90) to (20-40) to (3-6), and carrying out esterification and polycondensation reaction to obtain a polyester melt.
2. The process for preparing three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fibers according to claim 1, wherein the circular blowing filter element comprises a circular stainless steel mesh and a circular stainless steel wind-blocking ring attached to the lower part of the inner ring of the stainless steel mesh, the stainless steel mesh has a height of 270-280mm and a ventilation area of 27-28%, and the inside and the outside of the stainless steel mesh are respectively wrapped with a 100-120 mesh filter screen; the height of the annular stainless steel wind-guard ring is 150-160mm, and the blowing height of the corresponding annular blowing filter element is 120-130mm.
3. The process for preparing three-dimensional crimped hollow polyester staple fiber according to claim 2, wherein the air speed of the circular blowing is 3-5 m/s, and the air temperature is 18-21 ℃.
4. The process for preparing three-dimensionally crimped hollow polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein the pre-spun yarn has an oilless viscosity of 0.640-0.650 and a spinning temperature of 260-288 ℃.
5. The process for preparing three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester staple fiber according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the undrawn yarn has a hollowness ratio of 28-34%.
6. The process for preparing three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein the mica-silica aerogel is prepared by the following steps:
1) Calcining mica to remove interlayer crystal water, and pulverizing to obtain mica powder; dispersing mica powder in an ethanol solution containing a surfactant, adding maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene accounting for 5-10% of the mass of the mica powder and a silane coupling agent accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the mica powder, and stirring in a high-speed stirrer for 20-30min to obtain carboxylic acid modified mica powder;
2) Mixing carboxylic acid modified mica powder with 1-2 times of tetraethoxysilane, adding water and ethanol, adjusting pH to 3-4, and hydrolyzing for 1-2 days; dispersing mica and ethyl orthosilicate by ultrasonic wave uniformly, adjusting pH to 8.5-9, aging to obtain wet gel, and preparing aerogel by conventional method.
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