CN114590896A - Paving material for building biological diversity of riverbed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management of water areas, in particular to a laying material for building biological diversity of a river bed, which has a concave-convex structure or a planar structure, wherein the laying material is single-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel or three-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the hydrogel porosity of the upper-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is at least 90%, and the aperture of the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1-3000 nm; the hydrogel porosity of the underlying composite nanoparticle hydrogel is at least 80%. The paving material for building river bed biodiversity has the characteristics of simple installation, strong operability, modular implementation and the like, and the porous structure contributes to the growth space of aquatic plant roots, the inhabitation space of microorganisms and the spawning space of fishes and shrimps, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the stability of a river channel ecosystem.

Description

Paving material for building biological diversity of riverbed

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological management of water areas, in particular to a paving material for building biological diversity of a riverbed.

Technical Field

Along with the acceleration of urban ecological construction pace and the improvement of the hydrophilic requirements of people, the construction speed of artificial water body excavation is accelerated in recent years, and the water area scale is enlarged. Artificial bodies of water include artificial lakes in public greenbelts, artificial ponds in residential quarters, and artificial streams connecting rivers. The artificial water body has positive effects of increasing urban water area, improving ecological environment and improving the quality of life of citizens. However, the artificial water body is easy to blacken and foul, and the main reason is that the artificial water body in the city lacks a layered riverbed ecosystem.

The river bed ecosystem is a micro ecosystem consisting of algae, zooplankton, aquatic plants, benthonic animals and microbial communities which exist between river and lake water bodies and river bed interfaces, and the existence of the micro ecosystem has great influence on the self-purification capacity of the river and lake water bodies. In the prior art, a plurality of layers of particles with different particle sizes are paved on a riverbed to improve the riverbed ecosystem, and the riverbed ecosystem can be effectively improved under some conditions, but the method has the advantages of high construction difficulty, high cost, easiness in causing secondary pollution and difficulty in showing effective effects when the riverbed is uneven.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a paving material for creating river bed biodiversity, wherein the paving material has a concave-convex structure or a planar structure.

As a preferred technical solution, the paving material is a composite nanoparticle hydrogel.

As a preferred technical scheme, the paving material is a single-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel or a double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel or a three-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel.

As a preferred technical solution, the structure of the double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel comprises an upper layer and a lower layer; the porosity of the upper layer is greater than the porosity of the lower layer.

As a preferred technical solution, the porosity of the upper layer is at least 90%, and the porosity of the lower layer is at least 80%.

As a preferred technical scheme, the pore diameter of the upper layer is 1-3000 nm; the aperture of the lower layer is 1-2000 nm.

As a preferable technical scheme, the thickness ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer of the double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1 (1-3).

As a preferable technical solution, it is characterized in that the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is a composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

As a preferable technical scheme, the composite nanoparticles are inorganic nanoparticles, and the particle diameter of the inorganic nanoparticles is 40-100 nanometers

As a preferable technical scheme, the preparation method of the composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: vacuum dehydrating hydrophilic polyether polyol until the water content is below 0.1%, then placing the dehydrated hydrophilic polyether polyol, diisocyanate and chain extender into a reaction kettle, and mixing and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer;

step two: dispersing a coupling agent and inorganic nanoparticles in a solution with a volume ratio of distilled water to absolute ethyl alcohol of 1:9, and performing ultrasonic treatment to prepare inorganic nanoparticles subjected to surface treatment;

step three: and mixing the polyurethane prepolymer, the inorganic nanoparticles subjected to surface treatment, water, an inorganic metal catalyst and silicone oil, conveying the mixture to a film die for foaming, and curing at the temperature of 35-50 ℃ to obtain the composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the paving material for building river bed biodiversity has the characteristics of simple installation, strong operability, modularized implementation and the like, and the porous structure contributes to the growth space of aquatic plant roots, the inhabitation space of microorganisms and the spawning space of fishes and shrimps, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the stability of an ecological system in a river channel.

2. The paving material for building the biological diversity of the riverbed has high mechanical strength. In a complex polluted water environment, the composite nano particle hydrogel has very strong mechanical strength, and the material is not easy to break and run off to cause secondary pollution.

3. High specific surface area: the composite nano particle hydrogel has a porosity of more than 80%, has a high specific surface area, and can improve intermolecular force of physical adsorption.

4. The composite nano particle hydrogel framework has a rough surface, is not easy to fall off in the process of continuously proliferating and film-hanging microorganisms adsorbed and growing on pollutant degrading enzymes, has a longer water quality purification effect, and has strong plant root attachment, so that aquatic plants cannot fall off even in rivers with higher water flow speed.

5. The paving material for building the biological diversity of the riverbed has wide application range, can adjust the thickness ratio and the layer number according to different water bodies, and can be suitable for household fish tanks or large-area water bodies.

6. In the synthesis process, any solvent, cross-linking agent and curing agent are not required to be added, the obtained composite nano particle polyurethane hydrogel can be directly used without post-treatment and purification processes, the operation is simple, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.

Detailed Description

The contents of the present invention can be more easily understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the examples included therein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including," "has," "having," "contains," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed.

In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the stated number clearly indicates that the singular form is intended.

The invention provides a paving material for building river bed biodiversity, which has an concavo-convex structure or a plane structure.

According to different river channels and geographical appearances, paving materials with different structures are adopted. In some, the concave-convex structure of corresponding regulation laying material on unsmooth river course makes laying material can laminate the riverbed, increases laying material's steadiness and is difficult to breakage, loss in aqueous, the life of increase material that can be corresponding.

In some preferred embodiments, the paving material is a composite nanoparticle hydrogel. The composite particle hydrogel has a porous structure, is a polymer with a three-dimensional network structure, can absorb a large amount of water in water to swell, can continuously keep the original structure after swelling without being dissolved, and has certain mechanical strength.

In some preferred embodiments, the paving material is a single layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, a double layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, or a triple layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel.

In some preferred embodiments, the bilayer composite nanoparticle hydrogel has a structure divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; the porosity of the upper layer is greater than the porosity of the lower layer.

In some preferred embodiments, the porosity of the upper layer is at least 90%, the porosity of the lower layer is at least 80%,

in some preferred embodiments, the pore size of the upper layer is 1 to 3000 nanometers and the pore size of the lower layer is 1 to 2000 nanometers.

The porosity and the pore diameter of the upper layer are larger, while the porosity and the pore diameter of the lower layer can be more attached to the root system of the plant, so that the firmness of the plant growth is improved. Meanwhile, because different microorganisms are different in size, the hierarchical pore size structure can provide a proper growth space for different microorganisms, a hierarchical microbial community is formed, and the self-cleaning capability of the river can be effectively improved.

In some preferred embodiments, the thickness ratio of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel to the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1 (1-3).

The number of layers, porosity, pore diameter and thickness ratio of the paving material are determined according to specific construction environment. For example, the area, number and thickness of the material can be determined according to the width, flow rate and water depth of the river channel, the proper microorganisms, aquatic plants and aquatic animals can be determined according to the climate, and then the porosity and pore diameter of the material can be determined according to the specific microorganisms, aquatic plants and aquatic animals.

In some preferred embodiments, the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is a composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (2) dehydrating the hydrophilic polyether polyol in vacuum until the water content is below 0.1%, and then uniformly mixing the dehydrated hydrophilic polyether polyol, diisocyanate and a chain extender in a reaction kettle for reaction for 2-4 hours to obtain the polyurethane prepolymer.

Step two: dispersing the coupling agent and the nano inorganic particles in a solution with the volume ratio of distilled water to absolute ethyl alcohol being 1:9, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, filtering and drying to obtain the nano inorganic particles subjected to surface treatment.

Step three: uniformly mixing the polyurethane prepolymer, the prepared nano inorganic particles subjected to surface treatment, water, an inorganic metal catalyst and silicone oil, conveying the mixture to a film die for foaming at the temperature of between 35 and 50 ℃, and curing to obtain the composite particle polyurethane hydrogel.

The preparation raw materials of the composite particle hydrogel further comprise the following components in parts by weight: the polyurethane foaming material comprises 10-30 parts of polyisocyanate, 40-60 parts of hydrophilic polyether polyol, 1-15 parts of inorganic nanoparticles, 1-5 parts of silicone oil, 0.1-3 parts of chain extender, 1-10 parts of foaming agent, 0.1-2 parts of coupling agent and 0.1-2 parts of organic metal catalyst.

In the present invention, the polyisocyanate is not particularly limited, and may be any one or more of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1, 6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI), xylylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexyl diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, IPDI trimer, HDI trimer, TDI trimer, and MDI trimer.

In some embodiments, the polyisocyanate is toluene diisocyanate.

In the present invention, the hydrophilic polyether polyol is not particularly limited, and may be one or more of polytetrahydrofuran diol, polyethylene adipate-1, 4-butanediol diol, polyethylene glycol, and poly (castor oil adipate) polyol.

The hydrophilic polyether polyol is polytetrahydrofuran diol.

In the invention, the silicone oil is used as a foam stabilizer, has excellent foam stabilizing and opening performances, and is beneficial to improving the resilience performance of the formed polyurethane hydrogel, and the silicone oil is hydroxyl-terminated bis-silicone oil IOTA8865H

In the invention, the chain extender can be one or more of 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 4-cyclohexanediol and resorcinol hydroxyl ether.

The chain extender is prepared by compounding ethylene glycol and glycerol, wherein the molar ratio of the ethylene glycol to the glycerol is 3: 1. in the present invention, the blowing agent comprises water, which in some preferred embodiments is distilled water.

In the present invention, the coupling agent may be exemplified by: any one of silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling agent and phosphate coupling agent.

The silane coupling agent may be any of g-propylmethacrylate-based trimethoxysilane, g-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, or mercaptosilane.

The titanate coupling agent may be any one of isopropyl tri (dioctyl pyrophosphoryl) titanate and ethylene di (dioctyl pyrophosphoryl) titanate.

The aluminate coupling agent may be one of distearoyloxyisopropyl aluminate and alkoxypolyoxyethylene-based aluminate.

The phosphate coupling agent may be any one of dioctyl phosphate and lauryl phosphate.

The coupling agent is prepared by compounding mercaptosilane and tri (dioctyl pyrophosphoryl) isopropyl titanate, wherein the molar ratio of mercaptosilane to tri (dioctyl pyrophosphoryl) isopropyl titanate is 2: 1.

the organic metal catalyst provided by the invention mainly plays a role in accelerating the growth of polymer molecular chains and improving the curing degree of foam, and can be any one of dibutyl tin dilaurate, stannous octoate and organic bismuth catalysts.

In some embodiments, the organic metal catalyst is stannous octoate.

Microbial flora is attached to the pores of the composite particle hydrogel.

The microbial flora comprises microorganisms, nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria.

The pores of the composite particle hydrogel can also provide spawning space for fishes and shrimps.

And aquatic plants are planted on the composite particle hydrogel.

The aquatic plants include submerged plants and emergent aquatic plants. The submerged plant comprises Goldfish algae, nutria algae, Eupatorium fortunei, Foliumet sida, herba Sonchi Oleracei, and hydrilla verticillata. The emergent aquatic plant comprises Phragmites communis, Typhaceae, Acoraceae, Zizania latifolia, and Scirpus tabernaemontani.

The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

Examples

Example 1

The embodiment provides a paving material for building biodiversity of a river bed, the paving material has a planar structure, the paving material is composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the paving material is double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the hydrogel porosity of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 92%, the average pore diameter of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 2000 nm, the hydrogel porosity of the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 85%, the average pore diameter of the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1000 nm, the thickness ratio of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel to the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1:2, and the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

In this embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the preparation method of the paving material for creating river bed biodiversity, and the paving material can be prepared by the preparation method provided in the specific embodiment.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a laying material for building riverbed biodiversity, the laying material has planar structure, the laying material is compound nanoparticle aquogel of individual layer, the aquogel porosity of compound nanoparticle aquogel of individual layer is 92%, compound nanoparticle aquogel average pore diameter of individual layer is 2000 nanometer, compound nanoparticle aquogel is compound nanoparticle polyurethane aquogel.

In this embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the preparation method of the paving material for creating river bed biodiversity, and the paving material can be prepared by the preparation method provided in the specific embodiment.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a paving material for building river bed biodiversity, the paving material has a planar structure, the paving material is composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the paving material is double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the hydrogel porosity of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 80%, the average pore diameter of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 2000 nm, the hydrogel porosity of the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 71%, the average pore diameter of the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1000 nm, the thickness ratio of the upper layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel to the lower layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1:2, and the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

In this embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the preparation method of the paving material for creating river bed biodiversity, and the paving material can be prepared by the preparation method provided in the specific embodiment.

Example 4

The embodiment provides a paving material for building biodiversity of a river bed, the paving material has a planar structure, the paving material is composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the paving material is double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the hydrogel porosity of the upper layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 92%, the average pore diameter of the upper layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 5000 nm, the hydrogel porosity of the lower layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 85%, the average pore diameter of the lower layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 4000 nm, the thickness ratio of the upper layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel to the lower layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1:2, and the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

In this embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the preparation method of the paving material for creating river bed biodiversity, and the paving material can be prepared by the preparation method provided in the specific embodiment.

Example 5

The embodiment provides a paving material for building biodiversity of a river bed, the paving material has a planar structure, the paving material is composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the paving material is double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel, the hydrogel porosity of the upper layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 92%, the average pore diameter of the upper layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 2000 nm, the hydrogel porosity of the lower layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 85%, the average pore diameter of the lower layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1000 nm, the thickness ratio of the upper layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel to the lower layer of composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 2:1, and the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

In this embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the preparation method of the paving material for building river bed biodiversity, and the paving material can be prepared by the preparation method provided in the specific embodiment.

Performance test

The applicant carried out an evaluation test of a paving material for creating river bed biodiversity in the above example.

The following experiments were performed as experimental groups provided in the examples.

And (3) testing the retention rate: the composite particle hydrogel polyurethane hydrogel provided in the example was stirred in a container containing waterproof sandpaper at 30 ℃ for 8 hours, and then subjected to a retention test.

Monitoring the growth condition of aquatic plants, namely paving the paving materials for building the biological diversity of the riverbed provided by the embodiments 1 to 6 on a section of the same riverway respectively, wherein the paving areas are all 100 square meters, and planting the aquatic plants of the hornworts and the reeds on the paving materials. The growth of the aquatic plants was observed after one month, and A, B, C different growth of the aquatic plants were used. A shows that the aquatic plants show large-area vigorous growth and thick and straight stems; b shows that part of the area grows vigorously, the stems are thick and straight, part of the aquatic plants have thinner stems and fewer green leaves, and the aquatic plants in a small part of the area are necrotic. And C, large-area aquatic plant necrosis occurs.

And (3) river water quality monitoring, namely paving the paving materials for constructing river bed biological diversity provided by the embodiments 1 to 6 on eutrophic river channels with similar pollution degrees, wherein the paving areas are all 100 square meters, and planting aquatic plants, namely hornworts and reeds on the paving materials. Under the condition of oxygen explosion, sampling and determining indexes of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in a water area on the same day after setting, the 5 th day after setting and the 10 th day after setting respectively.

The results of the above performance tests are shown in table one.

Table one Performance test results

As can be seen from table one performance test table, after 10 days, the COD concentration, the total nitrogen concentration and the total phosphorus concentration of the riverway are greatly reduced in the riverway paving example 1, the composite particle hydrogel polyurethane hydrogel provided in example 1 is stirred for 8 hours in a container containing waterproof abrasive paper at 30 ℃, the retention rate is as high as 82%, the service life is long in practical use, and the aquatic plants grow well. In a word, the water quality of the riverway is obviously improved after 10 days, the riverbed ecosystem is effectively improved, the riverbed ecosystem tends to be stable, the riverbed animals and plants begin to breed, and the water quality is clear and meets the bottom.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner; as will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details; however, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, evolutions, etc. of the equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A laying material for creating river bed biodiversity, characterized in that the laying material has a relief structure or a planar structure.

2. A paving material for building river bed biodiversity according to claim 1, characterized in that the paving material is a composite nanoparticle hydrogel.

3. A paving material for building river bed biodiversity according to claim 2, characterized in that the paving material is a single-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel or a double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel or a triple-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel.

4. A paving material for making riverbed biodiversity according to claim 3, characterized in that the structure of the double-layered composite nanoparticle hydrogel comprises an upper layer and a lower layer; the porosity of the upper layer is greater than the porosity of the lower layer.

5. A paving material for making riverbed biodiversity according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper layer has a porosity of at least 90% and the lower layer has a porosity of at least 80%.

6. A paving material for making riverbed biodiversity according to claim 4, characterized in that the pore size of said upper layer is 1-3000 nm; the aperture of the lower layer is 1-2000 nm.

7. The paving material for building riverbed biodiversity according to claim 4, wherein the thickness ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer of the double-layer composite nanoparticle hydrogel is 1 (1-3).

8. A paving material for building river bed biodiversity according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the composite nanoparticle hydrogel is a composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.

9. A paving material for building river biological diversity according to claim 8, characterized in that said composite nanoparticles are inorganic nanoparticles, said inorganic nanoparticles having a particle size of 40-100 nm.

10. The paving material for building riverbed biodiversity according to claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: vacuum dehydrating the hydrophilic polyether polyol until the water content is below 0.1%, then placing the dehydrated hydrophilic polyether polyol, diisocyanate and chain extender into a reaction kettle, and mixing and reacting for 2-4h to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer;

step two: dispersing a coupling agent and inorganic nanoparticles in a solution with a volume ratio of distilled water to absolute ethyl alcohol of 1:9, and performing ultrasonic treatment to prepare inorganic nanoparticles subjected to surface treatment;

step three: and mixing the polyurethane prepolymer, the inorganic nanoparticles subjected to surface treatment, water, an inorganic metal catalyst and silicone oil, conveying the mixture to a film die for foaming, and curing at the temperature of 35-50 ℃ to obtain the composite nanoparticle polyurethane hydrogel.